长期施用氮肥和磷肥对东北黑土丛枝菌根真菌群落组成的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.17.007

中国农业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (17): 3315-3324.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.17.007

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

长期施用氮肥和磷肥对东北黑土丛枝菌根真菌群落组成的影响

王庆峰^1,2，姜昕^1,2，马鸣超^1,2，关大伟^1,2，赵百锁²，魏丹³，曹凤明^1,2，李力^1,2，李俊^1,2

¹中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京100081；²农业部微生物产品质量安全风险评估实验室，北京100081；³黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所，哈尔滨 150086

收稿日期:2017-12-14 出版日期:2018-09-01 发布日期:2018-09-01
通讯作者: 姜昕，E-mail：jiangxin@caas.cn。李俊，E-mail：lijun01@caas.cn
作者简介:王庆峰，E-mail：wqfcool@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41573066，41771284）、国家“973”计划（2015CB150506）、农业微生物产品质量安全风险评估专项任务（GJFP201801202，GJFP201801203）、国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-04）、黑龙江省自然科学基金（重点项目）（ZD2016008）

Influence of Long-Term Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Community in Mollisols of Northeast China

WANG QingFeng^1,2, JIANG Xin^1,2, MA MingChao^1,2, GUAN DaWei^1,2, ZHAO BaiSuo², WEI Dan³, CAO FengMing^1,2, LI Li^1,2, LI Jun^1,2

¹Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081; ² ＆Safety Risk Assessment for Microbial Products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081; ³ Institute of Soil Fertility and Environmental Sources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086Laboratory of Quality

Received:2017-12-14 Online:2018-09-01 Published:2018-09-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhizae, AM）真菌在促进作物养分吸收、提高作物抗病和抗逆性等方面具有重要意义，探讨长期施用化学氮肥和磷肥对东北黑土AM真菌的影响及其主效环境因子，为进一步揭示AM真菌对化肥的响应机制，指导农田施肥以及利用AM真菌提高土壤养分有效性提供依据。【方法】以长期定位试验为平台，选取5种不同处理：不施肥（CK），单施常量氮肥（N₁），混施常量氮肥和磷肥（N₁P₁），单施2倍常量氮肥（N₂），混施2倍常量氮肥和磷肥（N₂P₂）。采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术研究连续施用37年氮肥和磷肥的AM真菌群落组成差异，并对AM真菌群落组成与环境因子进行相关性分析。【结果】随着氮、磷施用量的增加，黑土pH和速效钾含量显著降低，而全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮和有机质含量显著提高。单施氮肥（N₁和N₂）对黑土中AM真菌多样性影响不显著（P＞0.05）；然而氮、磷混施（N₁P₁和N₂P₂）显著降低黑土中AM真菌多样性（P＜0.05）。土壤中AM真菌以Glomeraceae科为主，占AM真菌45.5%。在属水平上，施肥降低Funneliformis和Septoglomus丰度，而提高Paraglomus丰度；在N₁和N₂基础上施磷显著提高Glomus和Funneliformis丰度，而降低Gigaspora和Paraglomus的丰度。非度量多维度分析表明，长期施用氮、磷肥改变了土壤中AM真菌群落组成。不施肥处理、单施氮肥处理和氮、磷混施处理AM真菌群落差异显著，且磷肥影响较为显著。冗余分析表明，土壤pH，有效磷含量是影响黑土中AM真菌群落组成的主效环境因子（P＜0.05）。【结论】长期施用氮肥以及氮、磷肥混施改变了黑土中AM真菌群落组成，单施氮肥对黑土中AM真菌多样性影响不大，而氮、磷肥混施降低其多样性，施肥导致的土壤pH和有效磷含量变化是主要因素。

关键词: 长期施肥, 东北黑土, 丛枝菌根真菌, 群落组成, Illumina Miseq测序

Abstract: 【Objective】Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which form symbiotic relationships with the majority of land plants, can provide plants with critical nutrients, act as protectants against phytopathogens, and help plants withstand stresses. In order to clarify the effects of different doses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization on the community composition and reveal the main driving factors of AM fungi, a long-term fertilizer experiment (37-year) was set up in mollisols of northeast China. This study would provide evidence for further enhancing fertilization and using AM fungi to increase availability of soil nutrients for plants.【Method】Base on a long-term fertilization field experiment, Illumina MiSeq platform were used to analyze the effects of different N and P fertilization on AM fungal community. The soil samples were collected and analyzed from five fertilization regimes: No fertilizer (CK), normal N fertilizer (N₁), normal N plus normal P fertilizers (N₁P₁), duple N fertilizer (N₂), and duple N plus duple P fertilizers (N₂P₂). A correlation analysis was used to reveal the main important factors for determining the AM fungal community composition. 【Result】 Long-term N and P fertilization decreased soil pH and available K, however, which increased total N, KCl-extractable NO₃^- and NH₄⁺, and organic matter. N-fertilization (N₁ and N₂) did not significantly change soil AMF diversity (P＞0.05), while N- plus P-fertilization (N₁P₁ and N₂P₂) decreased it compared with CK (P＜0.05). Glomeraceae was the most abundant family in soils, accounting for 45.5% of all AM fungi. In genus level, all fertilization decreased the relative abundance of Funneliformis and Septoglomus, whereas increased Paraglomus;N- plus P-fertilization increased the relative abundance of Glomus and Funneliformis, but decreased Gigaspora and Paraglomus. Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling analyzed result showed that the community composition in no fertilization, N fertilization, and N- plus P-fertilization was significantly different with each other. And a redundancy analysis indicated that soil pH, concentration of available P were the main environment factors (P＜0.05) affecting the AM fungal community variation. 【Conclusion】 Our research demonstrated that long-term fertilization changed soil AM fungal community composition in mollisols. N-fertilization did not change AM fungal diversity while N- plus P-fertilization decreased it. It was concluded that soil pH and available P concentration were the main factors affecting AM fungal community variation.

Key words: long-term fertilization, mollisols, AMF, microbial community composition, Illumina Miseq

王庆峰，姜昕，马鸣超，关大伟，赵百锁，魏丹，曹凤明，李力，李俊. 长期施用氮肥和磷肥对东北黑土丛枝菌根真菌群落组成的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(17): 3315-3324.

WANG QingFeng, JIANG Xin, MA MingChao, GUAN DaWei, ZHAO BaiSuo, WEI Dan, CAO FengMing, LI Li, LI Jun. Influence of Long-Term Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Community in Mollisols of Northeast China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(17): 3315-3324.

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长期施用氮肥和磷肥对东北黑土丛枝菌根真菌群落组成的影响

Influence of Long-Term Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Community in Mollisols of Northeast China

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