磷肥施用深度对夏玉米产量及根系分布的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探明华北平原区磷肥施用深度对夏玉米产量及根系分布的影响。【方法】采用大田试验和土柱试验方法。大田试验设不施肥（CK）、常规垄侧施磷（T-side）、8 cm土层施磷（T-8）、16 cm土层施磷（T-16）、24 cm土层施磷（T-24）以及3层（8、16、24 cm土层）均匀施磷（T-all）处理，研究其对夏玉米产量、养分吸收量的影响。土柱试验，研究8 cm施磷（P 8）、16 cm施磷（P 16）、24 cm施磷（P 24）以及3层均匀施磷（P-all）对夏玉米根系分布的影响。【结果】大田试验结果表明，磷肥不同施用深度显著影响夏玉米产量，玉米籽粒产量依次为T-24处理>T-all处理>T-16处理> T-side处理>T-8处理>CK，T-24处理玉米产量较T-side处理提高了10%，差异显著。玉米地上部磷素累积量在八叶期、吐丝期、收获期分别以T-side处理、T-8处理、T-all处理最高。随着磷肥施用深度的增加，玉米收获期氮素吸收量呈现显著增加趋势。土柱试验结果表明，玉米根系长度以P 24处理最高，与CK、P-all和P 8处理相比分别提高了68%、18%、17%，差异均达显著水平。玉米根系在磷肥施用点处集中生长，磷肥深施有利于玉米根系向土壤深层生长。【结论】磷肥深施能够诱导根系向深层生长，显著提高夏玉米产量。本试验条件下以磷肥集中施在24 cm土层最好。

关键词: 磷肥, 玉米, 施肥深度, 根系分布, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】This study focused on the effects of phosphorus fertilization depth on yield and root distribution of summer maize in the North China Plain. 【Method】 The research included a field experiment and a soil column experiment. The field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different phosphorous fertilization positions on grain yield and nutrient uptake. The treatments were CK (no P), T-side (P fertilized at seed side), T-8 (P fertilized at 8 cm depth in the seed row), T-16 (P fertilized at 16 cm depth in the seed row), T-24 (P fertilized at 24 cm depth in the seed row), and T-all (P fertilized at 8 cm, 16 cm and 24 cm depth equally in the seed row). The soil column experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different phosphorous fertilization depths (P 8(8 cm); P 16(16 cm); P 24(24 cm); P-all, (8/16/24 cm)) on summer maize root distribution. 【Result】 Field experiment showed that the phosphorous fertilization depth significantly affected the summer maize grain yield. The maize yield decreased in the order of T-24, T-all, T-16, T-side, T-8 and CK, and the T-24 treatment significantly increased yield by 10% than the T-side treatment. The highest above ground plant P accumulation at the eight-leaf stage was the T-side treatment, and that in silking and harvest stage were T-8 and T-all treatment, respectively. The above ground N uptake at harvest stage showed a significantly increasing trend with the P increased application depth. The soil column experiment showed that the total root length for the P 24 treatment was the highest in all application depths. Compared with CK, P-all and P 8 treatments, the root length of P 24 significant increased by 68%, 18% and 17%, respectively. The maize roots were distributed around the application point of P fertilizer, and the total maize root length increased with the P fertilization depth increasing. 【Conclusion】 Phosphorus fertilizer deep application could induced the maize root grow to deep soil layer and increasing the root length, significantly increased the grain yield. The suitable P fertilizer application depth was 24 cm in this research.

Key words: phosphorus, summer maize, fertilization depth, root distribution, yield

杨云马，孙彦铭，贾良良，贾树龙，孟春香. 磷肥施用深度对夏玉米产量及根系分布的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(8): 1518-1526.

YANG YunMa, SUN YanMing, JIA LiangLiang, JIA ShuLong, MENG ChunXiang . Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization Depth on Yield and Root Distribution of Summer Maize[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(8): 1518-1526.

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