水稻耐盐性和耐碱性相关性状的QTL定位及环境互作分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.10.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探索水稻在盐和碱胁迫下产量相关性状的变化规律，寻找耐盐碱主效QTL，并分析QTL加性、上位性与环境互作效应。揭示单株有效穗数、结实率、千粒重和单株穗重在盐、碱胁迫下的遗传机制，为水稻耐盐碱性分子标记辅助育种提供理论依据。【方法】以东农425和长白10号杂交得到的重组自交系为材料，构建包含120个SSR标记的遗传连锁图。以浓度6 ds·m^-1的NaCl水溶液，pH9.0的Na₂CO₃水溶液进行全生育期处理，正常水灌溉为对照。对2014年和2015年盐、碱胁迫和自然条件下水稻的单株有效穗数、结实率、千粒重和单株穗重分别采用2种作图方法同时定位研究，即完备区间作图法进行加性QTL定位和混合线性模型的复合区间作图法进行加性、上位性QTL与环境互作联合分析。【结果】2014年和2015年碱胁迫条件下与盐胁迫条件下各性状表型值相比，耐碱相关性状降低较明显，表明水稻对碱胁迫更为敏感，碱胁迫更大程度地限制了高产和稳产。并且2年的碱胁迫条件下各性状与盐胁迫条件下各性状均未表现出显著相关性。水稻在耐盐性和耐碱性上可能存在遗传机制上的差异。运用ICIM共检测到61个水稻耐盐碱相关性状加性效应QTL，分布在第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、10、11和12染色体上。运用MCIM在6个环境下进行加性及环境互作效应的联合定位分析，共检测到17个加性QTL存在环境互作效应，分布在第1、3、5、7、8、9、11和12染色体上。其中，运用ICIM同时在自然条件和盐胁迫条件下2年重复检测到qPN1-1，仅在碱胁迫下2年重复检测到qPN11-2，同时在盐胁迫和碱胁迫条件下2年重复检测到qPN3-3，在盐胁迫与自然条件比值下2年重复检测到qRPN1-1，仅在自然条件下2年重复检测到qGW7和同时在盐、碱胁迫和自然条件下2年重复检测到qPW11均被MCIM检测到。qPW11是1个新的耐盐碱QTL，其贡献率为7.94%—20.13%。运用MCIM对水稻耐盐碱相关性状在6个环境下进行上位性与环境互作效应分析，共检测到13对上位性QTL与环境发生互作效应。检测到2对有关单株有效穗数的上位性QTL与环境互作，检测到2对胁迫与自然条件比值下单株有效穗数的上位性QTL与环境互作；检测到2对有关结实率的上位性QTL与环境互作，检测到2对胁迫与自然条件比值下结实率的上位性QTL与环境互作；检测到1对有关千粒重的上位性QTL与环境互作，检测到1对胁迫与自然条件比值下千粒重的上位性QTL与环境互作；检测到3对有关单株穗重的上位性QTL与环境互作。【结论】盐胁迫和碱胁迫都能影响水稻的产量相关性状，但二者是性质有所差别的2种胁迫，碱胁迫破坏更强，降低产量更明显。

关键词: 水稻, 盐胁迫, 碱胁迫, 产量性状, QTL定位, 环境互作分析

Abstract: 【Objective】Experiments were carried out in 2014 and 2015 to study the yield related traits in rice under salt and alkaline stress in order to explore the QTL of major genes of salt and alkaline tolerance, and analyze the interaction effects between QTL and environment, thus revealing the genetic mechanism of panicle number per plant, seed setting rate, thousand grain weight and panicle weight per plant in rice under salt and alkaline stress. The results of the present study will provide a scientific basis for the rice genetic mechanism of salt and alkaline tolerance and molecular marker assisted breeding. 【Method】The recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Dongnong 425 (DN425) with high yielding ability and quality as the female parent and Changbai 10 (CB10) with salt and alkaline tolerance as the male parent. A genetic linkage map was constructed with 120 SSR markers. The panicle number per plant, seed setting rate, thousand grain weight and panicle weight per plant in rice were measured under 6ds·m^-1 NaCl solution of salt stress, Na₂CO₃ solution (pH = 9.0) of alkaline stress and the normal water irrigation as control conditions during the whole growing period in 2014 and 2015. The additive quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted by using the complete interval mapping method (ICIM)，the additive and epistatic QTL×environment interaction effects was analyzed by using the mixed composite interval mapping method (MCIM). 【Result】Compared with the salt stress, the alkaline tolerant traits of rice decreased significantly, and were more sensitive to the alkaline stress, the alkaline stress was more restrictive to the high-yield and stable-yield in 2014 and 2015. Under the condition of alkaline stress for two years, no significant correlation was found between the traits of salt stress. There may be genetic differences in rice under salt stress and alkaline stress. By using ICIM, a total of 61 additive QTLs for salt and alkali tolerance-related traits were detected, which were distributed on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12. By using MCIM, a total of 17 the additive QTL×environment interaction effects QTLs for salt and alkali tolerance-related traits were detected, which were distributed on chromosome 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12. By using ICIM, qPN1-1 which was repeatedly detected under both natural and salt stress conditions for two years, qPN11-2 which was repeatedly detected only under alkaline stress conditions for two years, qPN3-3 which was repeatedly detected under both salt and alkaline stress conditions for two years, qRPN1-1 which was repeatedly detected under both natural and salt stress conditions for two years, qGW7 which was repeatedly detected only under natural conditions for two years and qPW11 which was repeatedly detected under salt, alkaline stress and natural conditions for two years, all of them were detected by MCIM. A new salt and alkali tolerance QTL qPW11, can explain 7.94%—20.13% of phenotypic variance. By using MCIM, a total of 13 epistatic QTL×environment interaction effects QTLs for salt and alkali tolerance-related traits were detected. Two pairs of epistatic QTLs which are related to panicle number per plant were detected have significant environmental interaction effects. Two pairs of epistatic QTLs which are related to panicle number per plant under ratio of stress and natural were detected have significant environmental interaction effects. Two pairs of epistatic QTLs which are related to seed setting rate were detected have significant environmental interaction effects, two pairs of epistatic QTLs which are related to seed setting rate under the ratio of stress and natural conditions were detected have significant environmental interaction effects. One pairs of epistatic QTLs which are related to thousand grain weight were detected have significant environmental interaction effects. One pairs of epistatic QTLs which are related to thousand grain weight under the ratio of stress and natural conditions were detected have significant environmental interaction effects. Three pairs of epistatic QTLs which are related to panicle weight per plant were detected have significant environmental interaction effects.【Conclusion】Both the salt stress and the alkaline stress could affect the yield - related traits in rice, but they are two kinds of stresses with different properties. Alkaline stress damage is more severe, and yield reduction is more significantly.

Key words: rice, salt stress, alkaline stress, yield, QTL mapping, environment interaction

梁银培，孙健，索艺宁，刘化龙，王敬国，郑洪亮，孙晓雪，邹德堂. 水稻耐盐性和耐碱性相关性状的QTL定位及环境互作分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(10): 1747-1762.

LIANG YinPei, SUN Jian, SUO YiNing, LIU HuaLong, WANG JingGuo, ZHENG HongLiang, SUN XiaoXue, ZOU DeTang. QTL Mapping and QTL × Environment Interaction Analysis of Salt and Alkali Tolerance-Related Traits in Rice（Oryza sativa L.）[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(10): 1747-1762.

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