中国农业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (8): 1403-1415.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.08.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

江西双季晚稻不同纬度产量、生育期及温光资源利用的差异

陈波1,周年兵1,郭保卫1,舒鹏1,张洪程1,霍中洋1,程飞虎2,花劲1,黄大山2,陈忠平2,陈恒3,刘云发4,廖世亮5   

  1. 1扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州 225009;2江西省农业技术推广总站,南昌 330046;3江西省上高县农业局,江西上高 336400;4江西省乐平市农业局,江西乐平 333300;5江西省赣州市赣县农粮局农技站,江西赣州 341000
  • 收稿日期:2017-01-03 出版日期:2017-04-16 发布日期:2017-04-16
  • 通讯作者: 张洪程,E-mail:hczhang@yzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈波,E-mail:chenbo@agri.gov.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300507)、国家“十三五”重点研发计划(2016YFD0300503)、国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102)、扬州大学“新世纪人才工程”项目

Differences of Double-Cropping Late Rice in Yield, Growth Stage and Utilization of Temperature and Illumination in Different Latitudes of Jiangxi Province

CHEN Bo1, ZHOU NianBing1, GUO BaoWei1, SHU Peng1, ZHANG HongCheng1, HUO ZhongYang1,   CHENG FeiHu2, HUA Jin1, HUANG DaShan2, CHEN ZhongPing2, CHEN Heng3, LIU Yunfa4, LIAO ShiLiang5   

  1. 1Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu; 2Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Nanchang 330046; 3Bureau of Agriculture of Shanggao County of Jiangxi Province, Shanggao 336400, Jiangxi; 4Bureau of Agriculture of Leping City of Jiangxi Province, Leping 333300, Jiangxi; 5Bureau of Agriculture of Ganzhou City of Jiangxi  Province, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi
  • Received:2017-01-03 Online:2017-04-16 Published:2017-04-16

摘要: 【目的】研究明确江西不同纬度不同类型双季晚稻产量、生育期及温光资源利用差异,为江西双季晚稻适宜粳稻品种的科学选用提供依据与参考。【方法】以籼粳杂交稻、杂交粳稻、常规粳稻、杂交籼稻(CK)4种类型品种为材料,在江西乐平市(29.00°N, 117.12°E)、上高县(28.27°N, 115.12°E)、赣州市(25.81°N, 114.96°E)3个试验点进行试验,比较研究双季晚稻不同类型品种在纬度上的产量、生育期及温光资源利用的差异特征。【结果】随着纬度升高,3种类型粳稻产量均增加,2013年(2014年)平均纬度每增加1°,籼粳杂交稻、杂交粳稻、常规粳稻分别增产0.36(0.32)、0.18(0.22)、0.25(0.20)t·hm-2。同一纬度下,除赣州试验点杂交粳稻与常规粳稻的产量低于杂交籼稻外,其余各点均表现为籼粳杂交稻、杂交粳稻与常规粳稻产量显著高于杂交籼稻。各试验点3种类型粳稻均能安全成熟,随着纬度升高,各类型水稻播种至拔节期显著延长,全生育期天数增加;同一试验点3种类型粳稻全生育期均极显著长于杂交籼稻,主要表现在抽穗至成熟期天数的增加。3种类型粳稻光照与积温及其利用效率表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻,在安全成熟条件下,双季晚稻生育期越长,温光资源利用率越高。【结论】江西不同纬度地区实行双季晚稻“籼改粳”,可显著提高当地温光资源利用率与稻谷产量。与大面积种植的籼型杂交稻相比,在乐平与上高地区选种籼粳杂交稻、杂交粳稻与常规粳稻均具有显著的产量及温光资源利用优势;在赣州地区选种籼粳杂交稻的优势明显。双季晚稻“籼改粳”可能是提高双季稻区水稻产量的现实途径之一。

关键词: 双季晚稻, 纬度, 产量, 生育期, 温光利用

Abstract: 【Objective】This study was conducted to clarify the differences of different-types of late rice in yield, growth period and the utilization of temperature and illumination in different latitudes of Jiangxi province, which would provide grounds and references for scientific selection of Japonica rice varieties in Jiangxi. 【Method】The yield, growth stage and utilization of temperature and illumination of double-cropping late rice were comparatively studied by using four kinds of rice varieties as test materials namely indica-japonica hybrid rice, japonica hybrid rice, japonica conventional rice and indica hybrid rice. The experiment was carried out in such three cities indicating latitude discrepancy as Leping (29.00°N, 117.12°E), Shanggao (28.27°N, 115.12°E)and Ganzhou (25.81°N, 114.96°E) in Jiangxi province.【Result】The yield of three-types of late japonica rice increased with the increasing latitudes. In the 2013 (2014), when the latitudes rose by one unit, the yield of indica-japonica hybrid rice, japonica hybrid rice, japonica rice and indica hybrid rice increased by 0.36 (0.32), 0.18 (0.22), 0.25 (0.20) t·hm-2, respectively. Both indica-japonica hybrid rice and japonica hybrid rice yield significantly higher than indica hybrid rice in the same latitude, and with the exception of Ganzhou, the yields of conventional japonica rice were significantly higher than indica hybrid rice. The three types of japonica rice at each experimental site could mature in safety. With the increasing latitude, the stage from seeding to elongation of each type rice lengthened noticeably and its whole growth period was extended. As shown in the extensions of stages from heading to mature, the whole growth periods of three types japonica rice were extremely noticeably longer than indica hybrid rice at the same experimental site. Utilization efficiency of light and temperature of the three types of Japonica rice showed such a trend as indica-japonica hybrid rice > japonica hybrid rice > japonica conventional rice > indica hybrid rice, therefore a conclusion could be drawn that the growth period was in direct proportion to utilization rate of temperature and light in terms of double cropping late rice maturing in safety. 【Conclusion】 Indica Rice to Japonica Rice” project in different latitudes in double cropping late rice area of Jiangxi could significantly increase yield, temperature and illumination resource utilization. Compared with indica hybrid rice in local area, growing indica-japonica hybrid rice, japonica hybrid rice and japonica conventional rice in Leping and Shanggao has advantages in yield and temperature and illumination resource utilization, while growing indica-japonica hybrid rice in Ganzhou has obvious advantages. “Indica Rice to Japonica Rice” may be the main way to increase the production in double cropping rice area.

Key words: double-cropping late rice, latitude, yield, growth stage, utilization of temperature and illumination