辽宁省4种主要水果矿质元素含量及其膳食暴露评估

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.20.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】针对辽宁省苹果、梨、桃和葡萄4种主要水果开展矿质元素含量及其风险评估研究，明确主要矿质元素含量水平及其对消费者健康的暴露水平，为水果生产和消费提供科学依据。【方法】从主产区（大连、鞍山、营口、锦州、朝阳、葫芦岛和绥中）共采集包括苹果、梨、桃和葡萄在内的140个样品，采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定10种矿质元素含量，应用SPSS17.0数据处理软件对不同矿质元素含量水平及相关性进行分析；并分别以日推荐摄入量（RNI）或适宜摄入量（AI）和可耐受最高摄入量（UL）为评价标准，对不同年龄段人群每日从4种水果中摄入矿质元素的量进行分析和暴露评估；再结合居民平衡膳食宝塔和食物成分表，进行成人全膳食风险评估。【结果】10种矿质元素的平均含量由高到低依次为：K（367.68 mg·kg^-1）＞P（122.65 mg·kg^-1）＞Mg（78.93 mg·kg^-1）＞Ca（76.36 mg·kg^-1）＞Na（12.37 mg·kg^-1）＞B（3.03 mg·kg^-1）＞Fe（2.86 mg·kg^-1）＞Cu（1.17 mg·kg^-1）＞Mn（1.02 mg·kg^-1）＞Zn（0.82 mg·kg^-1），变异系数范围为27.80%（Mg）—82.05%（Cu）；4种水果的K和Mg之间均呈极显著正相关，所测10种矿质元素之间的相关性以正相关为主；不同年龄组人群从4种水果中摄入的矿质元素的量占其RNI或AI的比值分析表明，K元素的比值根据年龄段由低到高呈下降趋势，其余元素按照年龄段变化呈现降-升-降的趋势。Fe最大比值位于4—7岁年龄段，比值为6.54%，其余元素均在2—4岁年龄段比值最高，其中Cu高达83.30%，Mg达11.01%，P、K、Zn、Ca、Na依次为8.57%、8.43%、4.25%、2.46%和0.39%。来自4种水果的膳食风险评估结果表明，Cu元素在2—4岁人群中的平均风险指数和最大风险指数分别为12.50%和37.02%，除Cu以外，来自4种水果的矿质元素摄入风险指数均很低，风险指数远小于100%，风险指数的范围为0.33%（Zn）—13.40%（Mn）；用UL为评价标准计算成人全膳食风险，风险评估结果由高到低分别为Mn（53.82%）＞Fe（49.93%）＞P（46.27%）＞Ca（35.23%）＞Zn（33.50%）＞Cu（28.61%），风险均低于100%。【结论】4种水果中大量元素K、P、Mg、Ca的含量远高于其他微量元素，水果中矿质元素之间以协同作用为主。各类人群从4种水果摄入矿质元素的量是安全的，Cu元素的风险指数高于其他元素，需重点关注。成人从全膳食中摄入矿质元素的量不会构成健康风险。

关键词: 苹果, 梨, 桃, 葡萄, 矿质元素, 含量, 膳食暴露评估, 评价指标

Abstract: 【Objective】A study of detection and dietary exposure assessment of main mineral element contents of 4 dominant fruits from Liaoning province (including apple, pear, grape and peach) was carried out for the purpose of providing references to fruit production and consumptions. 【Method】 A total of 140 samples of the 4 fruits were collected from the main producing areas，including Dalian, Anshan, Yingkou, Jinzhou, Chaoyang, Huludao and Suizhong. The contents of 10 mineral elements were detected by ICP-AES and the correlation was analyzed by SPSS17.0 statistic software. Daily intake assessments of mineral elements from the 4 fruits among different populations were conducted and analyzed using recommended nutrient intake (RNI) or adequate intake (AI) and tolerable upper intake level (UL), respectively. Total diet risk assessment for adult was analyzed with residents balanced diet pagoda and food composition table. 【Result】 The average contents of 10 mineral elements were followed by the order of K (367.68 mg·kg^-1)＞P (122.65 mg·kg^-1)＞Mg (78.93 mg·kg^-1)＞Ca（76.36 mg·kg^-1）＞Na（12.37 mg·kg^-1）＞B（3.03 mg·kg^-1）＞Fe（2.86 mg·kg^-1）＞Cu（1.17 mg·kg^-1）＞Mn（1.02 mg·kg^-1）＞Zn（0.82 mg·kg^-1）and the range of coefficient of variation was from 27.80%（Mg）to 82.05%（Cu）. There was a significant correlation between K and Mg. Along with the growth of the age, the ratios of K to its AI was declined while other elements were showed down-up-down. The maximal ratio of Fe was 6.54% found in 4-7 ages and other elements were in 2-4 ages. In which, the percentages of RNI of Cu, Mg, P, K, Zn, Ca and Na were 83.30%, 11.01%, 8.57%, 8.43%, 4.25%, 2.46% and 0.39%, respectively. Results of dietary risk assessment showed that the average and the highest risk index of Cu in 2-4 ages were 12.50% and 37.02%, respectively. The risk indexes of other mineral elements were all far below 100% with the range of 0.33%（Zn）-13.40%（Mn）. Risk indexes of total diet for adults were followed by Mn（53.82%）＞Fe（49.93%）＞P（46.27%）＞Ca（35.23%）＞Zn（33.50%）＞Cu（28.61%）calculated by UL, which were all below 100%. 【Conclusion】 Contents of K, P, Mg and Ca were always higher than other trace elements in fruits. Synergistic effect plays a key role among different elements. Intake of 10 mineral elements from the above 4 fruits are safe to human health. The risk index of Cu is higher than other elements and should be paid a special attention. The daily dietary intakes of 10 mineral elements from total diet will not pose a health risk to adults.

Key words: apple, pear, peach, grape, mineral element, content, dietary exposure assessment, evaluation index

匡立学，聂继云，李志霞，毋永龙，闫震，程杨，关棣锴. 辽宁省4种主要水果矿质元素含量及其膳食暴露评估[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(20): 3993-4003.

KUANG Li-xue, NIE Ji-yun, LI Zhi-xia, WU Yong-long, YAN Zhen, CHENG Yang, GUAN Di-kai. Mineral Element Contents of Four Main Fruits from Liaoning Province and Their Dietary Exposure Assessment[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(20): 3993-4003.

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