重茬土对相同砧木不同苹果品种生理指标及叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.18.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究重茬土对相同砧木不同苹果品种幼苗的生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响，为缓解苹果重茬障碍的品种选择提供依据。【方法】以苹果常用砧木‘平邑甜茶’（M. hupehensis）为基砧，嫁接5种不同苹果品种（‘烟富3号’‘红将军’‘富士2001’‘宫崎短枝富士’（以下简称‘宫崎’）‘首富1号’），使用重茬土进行盆栽试验，以重茬土蒸汽消毒后种植的相同幼苗为各重茬土的对照，测定苹果幼苗生长量、叶绿素含量、叶片抗氧化酶活性、叶片净光合速率（Pn）的动态变化及叶片荧光参数。【结果】重茬土对同一砧木不同苹果品种幼苗株高、径粗、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、荧光参数及叶片抗氧化酶活性均有不同程度的抑制作用。与消毒土（对照）种植的植株相比，‘富士2001’‘宫崎’幼苗的生长量差异不显著，其他品种的生长量差异显著；重茬土植株超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性从7—9月均低于对照，‘富士2001’比对照分别降低了40.24%、20.96%、18.16%，与对照差距逐渐变小，‘烟富3号’‘红将军’‘宫崎’和‘首富1号’与对照相比差距较大。各品种叶片中过氧化物酶（POD）活性随着时间的推移表现为先升高后降低的趋势，8月和9月，‘富士2001’和‘宫崎’POD活性与对照差异不显著，分别比对照平均降低了3.02%和5.76%，‘烟富3号’‘红将军’和‘首富1号’从7—9月的POD活性均显著低于对照。在8月，重茬土的‘宫崎’过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性比对照高27.21%，差异显著；其他均显著低于对照。‘烟富3号’和‘红将军’的Pn从6—9月均显著低于对照，‘首富1号’5个月均显著低于对照，其他差异不显著。‘富士2001’和‘宫崎’的荧光参数与对照差异不显著；‘烟富3号’‘红将军’和‘首富1号’的非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ）显著高于对照。【结论】重茬土对相同砧木不同苹果品种幼苗生理指标及叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响不同，‘富士2001’‘宫崎’均能在一定程度上抵抗重茬障碍的影响，‘烟富3号’‘红将军’和‘首富1号’在保护自身方面表现较弱，受重茬障碍的影响大于‘富士2001’和‘宫崎’。在苹果老果园更新中，‘富士2001’和‘宫崎’可以作为首选苹果品种。

关键词: 重茬土, 砧木, 苹果品种, 生长量, 净光合速率, 荧光参数, 抗氧化酶

Abstract: 【Objective】 Disease caused by after-reap soil is a challenge for planting young apple (Malus domestica) trees with this kind of soil, the effect of after-reap soil on growth and leaf antioxidant activity of different young apple trees were studied for providing evidence for alleviate after-reap disease of apple trees. 【Method】Five apple cultivars (‘Yanfu3’, ‘RedGeneral’, ‘Fuji2001’, ‘Miyakiji’, ‘Shoufu1’) were grafted on rootstocks (M. hupehensis) and planted in pots filled with after-reap soil. The same quantities of five apple cultivars were planted in sterilized soil as control. The dynamic changes of plant growth, chlorophyll content, leaf antioxidant activity, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and fluorescent parameters were determined.【Result】After-reap soil had different degrees of inhibition on the growth, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, fluorescence parameters and leaf antioxidant activity of different cultivars. Compared with sterilized soil (control), there were no significant difference in the growth of ‘Fuji2001’ and ‘Miyakiji’, while other cultivars showed significant differences. From July to September, leaf SOD activity of all apple cultivars in after-reap soil were lower than that of the controls. For example, ‘Fuji2001’ was reduced by 40.24%, 20.96%, and 18.16% compared with the control, and the gap with control becomes small; ‘Yanfu3’, ‘Red General’, ‘Miyakiji’, ‘Shoufu1’ were significantly lower than controls. Leaf POD activity was increased first and then decreased thereafter. In August and September, ‘Fuji2001’ and ‘Miyakiji’ were reduced by 3.02% and 5.76% in average, and there were no significant differences with their controls, however, ‘Yanfu3’, ‘Red General’ and ‘Shoufu1’ were significantly lower than controls from July to September. The leaf CAT activity in ‘Miyakiji’ was higher than other cultivars, it was 27.21% higher than the control in August; in contrast, the leaf CAT activity of other cultivars were all significantly lower than that of controls. From July to September, the net photosynthetic rate of ‘Yanfu3’ and ‘Red General’ was significantly lower than their controls, ‘Shoufu1’ was significantly lower than the control throuthout the experimental period, and others showed no significant differences. ‘Fuji2001’ and ‘Miyakiji’ had no significant differences in fluorescent parameters when compared with controls; ‘Yanfu3’, ‘Red General’ and ‘Shoufu1’ were significantly higher in NPQ than their controls. 【Conclusion】 The effects of after-reap soil on the physiological indexes and leaf antioxidant activity of young apple trees with the same rootstock were different. ‘Fuji 2001’ and ‘Miyakiji’ could resist the effects from the after-reap soil in a certain extent, however, ‘Yanfu3’, ‘Red General’ and ‘Shoufu1’ could not protect themselves well. ‘Fuji2001’ and ‘Miyakiji’ maight be the preferrable varieties for old orchards and further investigations should be carried out.

Key words: replant soil, rootstock, apple cultivars, growth, net photosynthetic rate, fluorescent parameters, leaf antioxidant activity

倪蔚茹，王安然，贺锡燕，徐金，吴树敬，陈学森，毛志泉，沈向. 重茬土对相同砧木不同苹果品种生理指标及叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(18): 3597-3607.

NI Wei-ru, WANG An-ran, HE Xi-yan, XU Jin, WU Shu-jing, CHEN Xue-sen, MAO Zhi-quan, SHEN Xiang. Effects of After-Reap Soil on Physiological Indexes and Leaf Antioxidant Activity of the Different Apple Cultivars With the Same Rootstock[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(18): 3597-3607.

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