不同年份冷水胁迫下水稻抽穗期和产量性状的QTL分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.18.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】水稻抽穗期、结实率、千粒重和单株粒重跟产量密切相关，且受低温影响较大。在冷水胁迫下检测控制水稻抽穗期、结实率、千粒重和单株粒重的QTL，为水稻孕穗期耐冷遗传机制及分子标记辅助育种提供理论依据。【方法】以粳稻优质品种东农422和耐冷品种空育131为亲本构建的190个重组自交系解析表型变异，构建了覆盖12条染色体，155个SSR标记的遗传连锁图。连续3年在水稻孕穗期进行冷水灌溉处理，考察始穗期、齐穗期、结实率、千粒重和单株粒重5个性状，利用SPSS18.0和GGEbiplot进行表型分析，利用QTLnetwork2.0，采用逐步联合分析法定位和性状相关的QTL，用超几何函数评价QTL间的相关性。【结果】冷水胁迫下，亲本和RIL群体抽穗期推迟，结实率明显降低，千粒重和单株粒重相继降低。始穗期、齐穗期和结实率互为正相关，结实率、千粒重和单株粒重也互为正相关。共有71个加性QTL被检测到，37个跟耐冷性有关，其中单环境分析检测到28个，贡献率大于10%以上的QTL有11个，单处理联合分析共检测到10个和耐冷有关的QTL，贡献率大于10%的QTL有6个。这17个贡献率大于10%且和耐冷性有关的QTL对性状具有增效作用。多环境联合分析检测到12个QTL，平均贡献率仅为3.56%，其中5个QTL参与了环境互作。检测到的20对上位性QTL中，有2个主效QTL区间参与了上位性互作，对性状的遗传起到重要作用。QTL相关性分析表明，控制始穗期，齐穗期和结实率的QTL具有相关性，结实率的QTL也同千粒重、单株粒重的QTL相关。经图谱比较分析，研究发现的部分QTL与前人研究处于相同染色体片段上，其中，qIHD7-2、qFHD7-2、qFHD7-1和qIHD7-1是在多环境下检测到的稳定存在的QTL，同时，qIHD7-1、qIHD7-2、qFHD7-1、qSSR7-1和qSSR7-2和耐冷性有关，这些QTL位点可为水稻抗冷分子育种提供依据。【结论】冷水胁迫下，结实率分别同抽穗期、千粒重和单株粒重存在相似的遗传机制，而抽穗期和千粒重、单株穗重的遗传相互独立。相比而言，冷水胁迫下选择结实率高的品种要比选择其余3个性状困难。

关键词: 水稻, 冷水胁迫, 抽穗期, 产量性状, QTL

Abstract: 【Objective】Heading date, seed setting rate, thousand grain weight and grain weight per plant are traits associated with yield and these traits are greatly influenced by cold water. Therefore, the QTL analysis of heading date, seed setting rate, thousand grain weight and grain weight per plant of rice under cold water stress were conducted in the present study in order to provide a scientific basis for the rice genetic mechanism of cold tolerance and molecular marker assisted breeding. 【Method】 Totally 190 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from two rice varieties (Dongnong 422 and Kongyu131) were used as materials under cold water irrigation at booting stage, a linkage map was constructed using 155 SSR markers. The correlation analysis on the initial heading (IHD) date, full heading (FHD) date, seed setting rate, thousand grain weight and grain weight per plant were conducted to detect (QTL) these traits by stepwise joint QTL mapping method. The correlations between QTLs of different traits were determined by using the hypergeometric probability function. 【Result】 IHD and FHD were postponed under cold water irrigation in two parents and RIL. Seed setting rate, thousand grain weight and grain weight per plant had significant changes. Those traits had a positive or a negative correlation. A total of 71 QTLs were detected by using stepwise joint QTL mapping method, among them, 37 QTL were associated with cold tolerance, among them, 28 were detected under single- environment, 11 QTL explained beyond 10% of phenotypic variance, 10 QTL were detected under the single-treatment, 6 QTL explained beyond 10% of phenotypic variance, all 17 QTL were associated with cold tolerance. Five QTL had significant QE interaction under the Joint QTLs combining data of all environments. Twenty pairs of additive×additive epistasis were detected, and two main-effect QTL had epistatic interaction. Hypergeometric probability function showed that QTL was associated among those traits. By comparing the mapping results, some of the detected QTLs were in the same or adjacent chromosomal regions of previously reported QTLs, which include qIHD7-2, qFHD7-2, qFHD7-1 and qIHD7-1. These four QTL were stable in different environments, meanwhile, qIHD7-1, qIHD7-2, qFHD7-1, qSSR7-1 and qSSR7-2 were associated with cold tolerance. These QTL loci may provide a basis for molecular breeding for cold resistance in rice.【Conclusion】Seed setting rate has similar genetic mechanism with heading date, thousand grain weight and grain weight per plant under cold water stress. However, heading date, thousand grain weight and grain weight per plant are independently inherited. Meanwhile, it is more harder to breed the rice has high seed setting rate than heading date, thousand grain weight and grain weight per plant under cold water stress.

Key words: Japonica rice, cold water stress, heading data, yield traits, QTL

杨洛淼，孙健，赵宏伟，王敬国，刘化龙，邹德堂. 不同年份冷水胁迫下水稻抽穗期和产量性状的QTL分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(18): 3489-3503.

YANG Luo-miao, SUN Jian, ZHAO Hong-wei, WANG Jing-guo, LIU Hua-long, ZOU De-tang. QTL Analysis of Heading Date and Yield Traits in Japonica Rice Under Cold Water Stress in Different Years[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(18): 3489-3503.

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