大麦RIL群体内不同类型苗粉和籽粒元素的差异

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.15.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究大麦重组近交系群体（RIL）的变异类型分类与苗粉（麦苗）及籽粒的矿质元素含量及其遗传变异，揭示栽培大麦苗粉及籽粒矿质元素含量的遗传变异。【方法】采用栽培大麦变种分类方法，按照穗芒颜色、护颖宽窄、侧小穗有无内外稃、芒性状、粒色、穗密度及籽粒稃状对194个紫光芒裸二棱?Schooner大麦RIL株系及其亲本进行变异类型分类。用ICP-AES测定194个紫光芒裸二棱?Schooner大麦RIL株系及其亲本的籽粒和苗粉中9种矿质元素（P、Zn、Fe、Mn、Mg、Ca、Cu、Na和K）含量。【结果】从Violiglabrum ´ Erectum培育的194个RIL株系及其亲本划分为Nutans、Hypianthinum、Lanthonudum、Violiglabrum、Medicum、Nudum、Erectum、Violimedicum、Neogenes、Glabrinudidubium、Jachanum、Luchuanicum和Violierectum共13个变异类型，变异分类性状基因型间差异显著。籽粒矿质元素含量变异类型间差异显著（1.9—6.4倍），而苗粉差异较小（1.2—2.1倍）。前者籽粒元素变种类型最高倍数差异依次为Cu（Glabrinudidubium/ Violierectum=6.4）＞Mn（Violimedicum/Violierectum=3.8）＞Fe（Neogenes/Glabrinudidubium=2.9）＞K（Medicum/Violierectum=2.3）＞Zn（Violiglabrum/Jachanum=2.2）＞P（Violimedicum/Jachanum=2.1）=Ca（Medicum/Violierectum=2.1）＞Mg（Violimedicum/Jachanum = 1.9）= Na（Violimedicum/Violierectum= 1.9），后者苗粉元素变种类型最高倍数差异依次为Na（Violierectum/Luchuanicum=2.1）＞Fe（Neogenes/Erectum=1.5）＞Ca（Jachanum/Luchuanicum=1.4）=Cu（Violiglabrum/Hypianthinum=1.4）＞Zn（Lanthonudum/Violimedicum=1.3）=Mg（Nudum/Luchuanicum=1.3）=K（Violierectum/Hypianthinum=1.3）＞P（Luchuanicum/Glabrinudidubium=1.2）=Mn（Nudum/Erectum =1.2），而籽粒及苗粉中P、Zn、Mn、Mg、Ca和K含量变种类型间差异显著或极显著。7种苗粉与籽粒元素比为1.1—51.4倍，13个变种类型苗粉与籽粒元素比值变种类型最高倍数差异依次为Na（Violierectum 51.4）＞Ca（Violierectum 19.9）＞K（Violierectum 15.4）＞Fe （Glabrinudidubium 8.8）＞Mg（Jachanum 3.4）＞Mn（Violierectum 3.2）＞Zn（Jachanum 2.9）＞P （Jachanum 2.7）＞Cu（Violierectum 2.1）。根据RIL及其亲本的籽粒、苗粉9种矿质元素含量或苗粉/籽粒元素含量比值均可将13个变种类型划分为4个类群，群间差异明显而群内差异不大。绝大多数变种类型的籽粒和苗粉矿质元素含量与原始的云南地方品种紫光芒裸二棱的含量相近。【结论】大麦籽粒和苗粉的矿质元素含量在变种类型间差异显著，而在变种类型内差异不显著，籽粒矿质元素含量差异显著而苗粉含量差异不显著，矿质元素在栽培大麦变种类型驯化中起重要作用。

关键词: 大麦, ICP-AES, 矿质元素, 籽粒, 苗粉

Abstract: 【Objective】Variety type and element content as well as genetic variation based on seedling powder and grain for barley recombinant inbred lines (RILs) provide not only the basic information of barley grain and seedling powder for developing functional food that is better for human health, but also the evidences about genetic variation of cultivated barley. 【Method】Varieties classification of 194 RILs from a cross Ziguangmangluoerleng (ZGMLEL) ? Schooner and their parents can be made according to the types of ear and awn color, glume size, palea and lemma of lateral spikelets, awn shape, grain color, spike density, naked or husked seven traits. The contents of 9 mineral elements (P, Zn, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Cu, Na and K) in seedling powder and grains of 194 barley recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and their parents were determined by using ICP-AES. 【Result】The 194 RILs based on hybridization breeding between Violiglabrum and Erectum as well as their parents were divided into 13 variety types, including Nutans, Hypianthinum, Lanthonudum, Violiglabrum, Medicum, Nudum, Erectum, Violimedicum, Neogenes, Glabrinudidubium, Jachanum, Luchuanicum, and Violierectum. It is obvious in genotype difference of variety classification traits. There are significant differences of minerial element contents among variety types in grains (1.9 to 6.4 times) and lower difference among variety types in barley seedling powder (1.2 to 2.1 times). Differences of the highest times for variety types in grain element contents is in order of Cu (Glabrinudidubium/Violierectum=6.4)＞Mn(Violimedicum/Violierectum=3.8)＞Fe (Neogenes/Glabrinudidubium=2.9)＞K(Medicum/Violierectum=2.3)＞Zn(Violiglabrum/Jachanum=2.2)＞P(Violimedicum/Jachanum=2.1)=Ca (Medicum/Violierectum=2.1)＞Mg (Violimedicum/Jachanum=1.9)=Na (Violimedicum/Violierectum=1.9); Differences of the highest times for variety types in seedling element contents is in order of Na (Violierectum/Luchuanicum=2.1)＞Fe (Neogenes/Erectum=1.5)＞Ca (Jachanum/ Luchuanicum=1.4) = Cu (Violiglabrum/Hypianthinum=1.4)＞Zn (Lanthonudum/Violimedicum=1.3) = Mg (Nudum/Luchuanicum=1.3) = K (Violierectum/Hypianthinum=1.3)＞P (Luchuanicum/Glabrinudidubium=1.2) =Mn (Nudum/Erectum = 1.2), however, the difference of 6 element contents (P, Zn, Mn, Mg, Ca and K) among varieties in grains and seedling powder is significant. The ratio of 7 element contents of barley seedling powder versus grains is 1.1-51.4 times. Differences of the highest times for variety types in element contents for seedling vs grains ratio is in order of Na (Violierectum 51.4)＞Ca (Violierectum 19.9)＞K (Violierectum 15.4)＞Fe (Glabrinudidubium 8.8)＞Mg (Jachanum 3.4)＞Mn (Violierectum 3.2)＞Zn (Jachanum 2.9)＞P (Jachanum 2.7)＞Cu (Violierectum 2.1). There are 194 RILs lines and their parents can be divided into 4 classes based on 9 mineral element contents for barley grains or seedling powder or seedling powder / grains, and the difference between groups is significant but the difference within a group is insignificant. The most variant type of their progenies are similar in mineral element contents in grains or seedling powder of Ziguangmangluoerleng with the original Yunnan landraces. 【Conclusion】There is a significant difference between groups but lower difference among variety types in mineral element contents in grain and seedling powder. There is a significant difference in mineral element contents in grain but lower difference in seedling powder. These evidences support that mineral elements play an important role in the domestication of cultivated barley variety type.

Key words: barley, ICP-AES, mineral element, grains, seedling powder

曾亚文，汪禄祥，杨晓梦，杨加珍，杜娟，普晓英，杜丽娟，杨树明，肖亚，杨涛. 大麦RIL群体内不同类型苗粉和籽粒元素的差异[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(15): 2857-2866.

ZENG Ya-wen, WANG Lu-xiang, YANG Xiao-meng, YANG Jia-zhen, DU Juan, PU Xiao-ying, DU Li-juan, YANG Shu-ming, XIAO Ya, YANG Tao. Difference of Elements in Different Types of Seedling Powder and Its Grains of Barley Recombinant Inbred Lines[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(15): 2857-2866.

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