长期施肥条件下潮土土壤磷素对磷盈亏的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.23.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】土壤磷素状况是评价土壤养分的重要指标之一。探讨长期施肥条件下土壤有效磷、全磷对土壤磷素盈亏（平衡）的响应，为潮土区施肥管理和土壤培肥提供科学依据。【方法】分析了天津潮土33年（1979—2012）肥料长期定位试验中，不同施肥处理下土壤磷素盈亏与Olsen磷、全磷的变化特征。【结果】长期不施肥（CK）、单施氮肥（N）、氮钾配施（NK）及秸秆与氮肥配施（NS）处理，土壤中磷素常年处于亏缺状态。施磷处理（PK，NP，NPK）和有机肥与氮肥配施（NM），土壤中磷素均有盈余，PK处理盈余最多，但随试验年限延长（约20年后），NP，NPK和NM处理土壤中磷素盈余量呈下降趋势。土壤有效磷增加量随磷盈亏而变化，二者呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）。施用无机磷肥或有机肥，均可使土壤中的磷素盈余，土壤中每盈余100 kg·hm^-2磷，PK、NP、NPK、NM处理土壤中的Olsen磷分别增加3.59、1.19、1.75和2.40 mg·kg^-1。长期不同施肥，土壤磷平衡与土壤全磷增量间呈正相关，但不同处理下差异较大。单施氮肥（N）和秸秆还田（NS）处理，可认为累积磷平衡对土壤全磷增量无影响。施用无机磷肥或有机肥，土壤中每盈余100 kg P·hm^-2，PK、NP、NPK、NM处理土壤中全磷分别增加0.06、0.07、0.07和0.10 g·kg^-1。【结论】土壤磷素盈亏状况与肥料配施类型密切相关，长期施用化学磷肥或有机肥，土壤有效磷、全磷增加量与土壤磷素盈亏呈显著直线正相关。有机肥与氮肥配施提升土壤全磷的速率大于施用化肥。

关键词: 长期施肥, 潮土, Olsen磷, 全磷, 磷盈亏

Abstract: 【Objective】Soil phosphorus is essential indexes for assessing soil fertility, so the responses of Olsen phosphorus (Olsen-P) and total phosphorus (TP) to P balance under various long-term fertilization were studied, which can provide a scientific basis for improving fertilization management and soil fertility in fluvo-aquic soil. 【Method】The relationships between Olsen-P, total P change, and the budget of soil P balance in the treatments of CK, N, NP, NK, PK, NPK, NM, and NS were studied by the method of linear regression based on a 34-year field experiment in Tianjin, China. 【Result】The results showed that under long-term application of N, NK, NS, and without fertilizer (CK), the P balance of the plough layer (0-20 cm) always remained a wane status, with a surplus of P balance in the PK, NP, NPK, and NM treatments, and the most P accumulation in the PK treatment. But the P balance showed a decreasing trend with cultivate time in the P fertilize and manure treatments, especially 20 years later. Applications of PK, NP, NPK, and NM increased the amount of Olsen-P significantly. The Olsen-P was significantlycorrelated with the P balance (P＜0.05). For every 100 kg P·hm^-2 surplus, there would be 3.59, 1.19, 1.75, and 2.40 mg·kg^-1 increase in Olsen-P in the PK, NP, NPK, and NM treatments, respectively. There were positive relationships between total P and P balance under long-term different fertilization, and different treatments had significantly different effects on the relationship between total P and P balance. We can assume that P balance had no effects on total P in N and NS treatments. With an average surplus of 100 kg P·hm^-2, the total P increased by 0.06, 0.07, 0.07, and 0.10 mg·kg^-1, in the PK, NP, NPK, and NM treatments, respectively.【Conclusion】 The status of soil P balance was closely related to the type of fertilizer application. The increment of Olsen-P and total P caused by application of chemical P fertilizer or manure were significantly and positively linearly correlated with soil P balance. The increase of TP under long-term application of manure with chemical N is higher than that under chemical P in fluvo-aquic soil.

Key words: long-term fertilization, fluvo-aquic soil, Olsen-P, total P, P balance

杨军，高伟，任顺荣. 长期施肥条件下潮土土壤磷素对磷盈亏的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(23): 4738-4747.

YANG Jun, GAO Wei, REN Shun-rong . Response of Soil Phosphorus to P Balance Under Long-Term Fertilization in Fluvo-Aquic Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23): 4738-4747.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.23.015

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2015/V48/I23/4738

参考文献

[1] 曲均峰, 李菊梅, 徐明岗, 戴建军, 高静. 中国典型农田土壤磷素演化对长期单施氮肥的响应. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(11): 3933-3939.

Qu J F, Li J M, Xu M G, Dai J J, Gao J. Response of typical soil phosphorus evolution to long-term single nitrogen fertilization. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(11): 3933-3939. (in Chinese)

[2] 杨学云, 孙本华, 古巧珍, 李生秀, 郝兴顺. 长期施肥磷素盈亏及其对土壤磷素状况的影响. 西北农业学报, 2007, 16(5): 118-123.

Yang X Y, Sun B H, Gu Q Z, Li S X, Hao X S. Phosphorus balances and its effects on soil phosphorus status under a 12-year long-term fertilization. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentals Sinica, 2007,16(5): 118-123. (in Chinese)

[3] 曹宁, 陈新平, 张福锁, 曲东. 从土壤肥力变化预测中国未来磷肥需求. 土壤学报, 2007, 44(3): 536-543.

Cao N, Chen X P, Zhang F S, Qu D. Prediction of phosphate fertilizer demand in China based on change in soil phosphate fertility. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2007, 44(3): 536-543. (in Chinese)

[4] 赵宇光, 梁成华, 杜立宇, 陈新之. 长期定位施肥设施土壤微团聚体磷素吸附解吸特征性探讨. 北方园艺, 2009(5): 1-4.

Zhao Y G, Liang C H, Du L Y, Chen X Z. Adsorption-desorption of phosphorus on micro-aggregates of greenhouse soil of long-term fertilization. Northern Horticulture, 2009(5): 1-4. (in Chinese)

[5] 黄庆海, 李茶苟, 赖涛, 吴建华, 魏绪英, 赵美珍. 长期施肥对红壤性水稻土磷素累积与形态分异的影响. 土壤与环境, 2000, 9(4): 290-293.

Huang Q H, Li C G, Lai T, Wu J H, Wei X Y, Zhao M Z. Effects of long-term fertilization on the accumulation and forms of phosphorus in paddy soil derived from red earth. Soil and Environment Sciences, 2000, 9(4): 290-293. (in Chinese)

[6] 裴瑞娜, 杨生茂, 徐明岗, 樊廷录, 张会民. 长期施肥条件下黑垆土有效磷对磷盈亏的响应. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(19): 4008-4015.

Pei R N, Yang S M, Xu M G, Fan T L, Zhang H M. Response of Olsen-P to P balance in black loessial soil under long-term fertilization. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(19): 4008-4015. (in Chinese)

[7] 宋春, 韩晓增. 长期施肥条件下土壤磷素的研究进展. 土壤, 2009, 41(1): 21-26.

Song C, Han X Z. Advances in phosphorus in long-term fertilized soil. Soils, 2009, 41(1): 21-26. (in Chinese)

[8] Tang X, Li J M, Ma Y B, Hao X Y, Li X Y. Phosphorus efficiency in long-term (15 years) wheat-maize cropping systems with various soil and climate conditions. Field Crops Research, 2008(108): 231-237.

[9] 王艳玲, 何园球, 李成亮, 李平. 长期施肥对红壤磷素持续供应能力的影响. 土壤学报, 2010, 47(3): 503-507.

Wang Y L, He Y Q, Li C L, Li P. Effects of long-term fertilization on sustained P supply capacity of red soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2010, 47(3): 503-507. (in Chinese)

[10] 鲁如坤. 土壤磷素水平和水体环境保护. 磷肥与复肥, 2003, 18(1): 4-8.

Lu R K. The phosphorus level of soil and environmental protection of water body. Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer, 2003, 18(1): 4-8. (in Chinese)

[11] 鲁如坤, 刘鸿翔, 闻大中, 钦绳武, 郑剑英, 王周琼. 中国典型地区农业生态系统养分循环和平衡研究. Ⅴ. 农田养分平衡和土壤有效磷、钾消长规律. 土壤通报, 1996, 27(6): 241-242.

Lu R K, Liu H X, Wen D Z, Qin S W, Zheng J Y, Wang Z Q. Nutrient cycle and budget in agroecosystem in China. Ⅴ. Law of nutrient equilibrium and the gain and loss of available P and K in arable area. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 1996, 27(6): 241-242. (in Chinese)

[12] 戚瑞生, 党廷辉, 杨绍琼, 马瑞萍. 长期定位施肥对土壤磷素吸持特性与淋失突变点影响的研究. 土壤通报, 2012, 43(5): 1187-1197.

Qi R S, Dang T H, Yang S Q, Ma R P. The impact on soil phosphorus adsorption characteristics and leaching change-point under long-term fertilization. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2012, 43(5): 1187-1197. (in Chinese)

[13] 孙宁科, 李隆, 索东让, 王谦. 河西农田磷钾养分平衡及肥料利用率长期定位研究. 土壤, 2013, 45(6): 1009-1016.

Sun N K, Li L, Suo D R, Wang Q. Budgets of phosphorus and potassium as well as fertilizer use efficiency in farmland of Hexi corridor based on long-term field experiment. Soils, 2013, 45(6): 1009-1016. (in Chinese)

[14] 鲁如坤, 史陶钧. 土壤磷素在利用过程中的消耗和累积. 土壤通报,1980(5): 6-8.

Lu R K, Shi T J. Consumption and accumulation of soil phosphorus inutilizing. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 1980(5): 6-8. (in Chinese)

[15] 杨学云, 孙本华, 古巧珍, 李生秀, 张树兰. 长期施肥对塿土磷素状况的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2009, 15(4): 837-842.

Yang X Y, Sun B H, Gu Q Z, Li S X, Zhang S L. The effects of long-term fertilization on soil phosphorus status in manural loessial soil. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2009, 15(4): 837-842. (in Chinese)

[16] 秦鱼生, 涂仕华, 孙锡发, 冯文强, 廖鸣兰. 长期定位施肥对碱性紫色土磷素迁移与累积的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2008, 14(5): 880-885.

Qin Y S, Tu S H, Sun X F, Feng W Q, Liao M H. Transfer and accumulation of phosphorus in the calcareous purple soil in a long-term fertilizer experiment. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2008, 14(5): 880-885. (in Chinese)

[17] 鲁如坤, 时正元, 施建平. 中国南方6省农田养分平衡现状评价和动态变化研究. 中国农业科学, 2000, 33(2): 63-67.

Lu R K, Shi Z Y, Shi J P. Nutrient balance of agroecosystem in six provinces in southern China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2000, 33(2): 63-67. (in Chinese)

[18] 熊俊芳, 石孝均, 毛知耘. 长期定位施肥对紫色土磷素的影响. 云南农业大学学报, 2000, 15(2): 99-101.

Xiong J F, Shi X J, Mao Z Y. Effect of long-term fertilization on phosphorus in purple soil. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University, 2000, 15(2): 99-101. (in Chinese)

[19] 王伯仁, 李冬初, 黄晶. 红壤长期肥料定位试验中土壤磷素肥力的演变. 水土保持学报, 2008, 22(5): 96-101, 141.

Wang B R, Li D C, Huang J. Development of P-fertility in long-term fertilizer experiment on red soil. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2008, 22(5): 96-101, 141. (in Chinese)

[20] 丁珊珊, 徐宁彤, 徐明岗. 长期定位施肥对暗棕壤磷素肥力的影响. 安徽农业科学, 2009, 37(29): 14295-14297, 14333.

Ding S S, Xu N T, Xu M G. Effects of long-term located fertilization on phosphorus fertility of alfisol. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2009, 37(29): 14295-14297, 14333. (in Chinese)

[21] 杨学云, 李生秀, P C Brookes. 灌溉与旱作条件下长期施肥塿土剖面磷的分布和移动. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2004, 10(3): 250-254.

Yang X Y, Li S X, Brookes P C. Phosphorus distribution and leaching in loessial soil profile with long-term fertilization under irrigation and rainfed condition. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2004, 10(3): 250-254. (in Chinese)

[22] 刘建玲, 张福锁. 小麦-玉米轮作长期肥料定位试验中土壤磷库的变化. Ⅱ. 土壤Olsen–P 及各形态无机磷的动态变化. 应用生态学报, 2006, 11(3): 365-368.

Liu J L, Zhang F S. Dynamics of soil P pool in a long-term fertilizing experiment of wheat-maize rotation. Ⅱ. Dynamics of soil Olsen-P and inorganic P. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2000, 11(3): 365-368.

[23] 黄绍敏, 宝得俊, 皇甫湘荣, 张夫道, 徐明岗, 介晓磊. 长期施肥对潮土土壤磷素利用与积累的影响. 中国农业科学, 2006, 39(1): 102-108.

Huang S M, Bao D J, Huangfu X R, Zhang F D, Xu M G, Jie X L. Effect of long-term fertilization on utilization and accumulation of phosphate nutrient in fluvo-aquic soil. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2006, 39(1): 102-108. (in Chinese)

[24] 刘杏兰, 高宗, 刘存寿, 司立征. 有机-无机肥配施的增产效果及对土壤肥力影响的定位研究. 土壤学报, 1996, 33(2): 139-147.

Liu X L, Gao Z, Liu C S, Si L Z. Effect of combined application of organic manure and fertilizers on crop yield and soil fertility in a located ecperiment. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 1996, 33(2): 139-147. (in Chinese)

[25] Xavier F A S, de Oliveira T S, Andrade F V, de Sá Mendonca E. Phosphorus fractionation in a sandy soil under organic agriculture in Northeastern Brazil. Geoderma, 2009, 151: 417-423.

[26] 周宝库, 张喜林. 长期施肥对黑土磷素积累、形态转化及其有效性影响的研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2005, 11(2): 143-147.

Zhou B K, Zhang X L. Effect of long-term phosphorus fertilization on the phosphorus accumulation and distribution in black soil and its availability. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2005, 11(2): 143-147. (in Chinese)