添加小麦和燕麦秸秆对连作黄瓜生长及土壤微生物群落结构的调节作用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.22.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究小麦、燕麦秸秆对连作黄瓜生长及土壤微生物群落结构的影响，探讨不同秸秆对连作黄瓜土壤环境的调节效果，为连作蔬菜土壤环境的改善提供理论依据。【方法】以黄瓜为试材，以连作4年的瓜类土壤为研究对象，研究在瓜类连作土壤分别添加质量比为2%小麦秸秆、2%燕麦秸秆和小麦、燕麦各1%混合秸秆对黄瓜生长及不同生长期土壤细菌、真菌微生物群落结构的影响。【结果】定植20 d后不同秸秆处理均能显著增加土壤细菌、真菌条带数，与对照和小麦秸秆处理相比，添加燕麦秸秆、小麦和燕麦混合秸秆处理显著提高了土壤真菌Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度指数（P＜0.05）。定植30 d后，燕麦秸秆显著增加了土壤细菌条带数，不同秸秆处理均能显著提高土壤真菌条带数，小麦秸秆处理土壤的细菌Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度指数显著高于燕麦、小麦和燕麦混合秸秆处理，燕麦和小麦、燕麦秸秆处理土壤真菌Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度指数显著高于小麦秸秆和对照处理（P＜0.05）。定植40 d后，小麦、燕麦混合秸秆处理显著增加了土壤细菌条带数，显著提高了土壤细菌Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度指数，不同秸秆处理对土壤真菌条带数、Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度指数无影响。添加小麦、小麦与燕麦混合秸秆能显著增加黄瓜的株高、茎粗以及全株鲜重（P＜0.05）。【结论】小麦、小麦与燕麦混合秸秆对连作黄瓜的生长具有促进作用，不同秸秆处理在不同时期均不同程度的影响连作黄瓜土壤微生物群落结构，增加了土壤微生物的条带数、提高了Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度指数。连作瓜类土壤中添加作物秸秆是一种简单有效的缓解连作障碍的生物学方法。

关键词: 黄瓜, 连作, 小麦秸秆, 燕麦秸秆, 微生物, 群落结构

Abstract: 【Objective】The objectives of this study were to clarify the effect of wheat, oat residue on growth of the continuous cucumber cropping and soil microbial community structure, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different residues on the soil environment of the continuous cropping cucumber, to provide the theoretical basis for the improvement of the soil environment. 【Method】Cucumber as the receptor plant, to 4 years of continuous cropping melon soil as the research object, studies the effect of adding 2% according to weight ratio of 2% wheat, oat stubble and their mixed stubble (1%:1%) on cucumber seedling growth and the different growth period of the soil microbial community structure. 【Result】Different stubble significantly increased the band number of soil bacteria and fungi, oat、wheat and oat mixed residue significantly increased the Shannon and evenness indices of soil fungal community compared to the control and wheat handled after 20 days treatment (P＜0.05). Oat residue significantly increased the band number of the soil bacteria and wheat residue significantly increased the Shannon and evenness indices of the soil bacteria community compared to oat, wheat and oat mixed residue after 30 days treatment. Wheat and oat mixed residue increased the band number. Shannon and evenness indices of the soil bacteria community treatment were significantly higher than the control after 40 days treatment. Different residue treatment has no effect on the band number, Shannon and evenness indices of the soil fungi community after 40 days treatment. Wheat, wheat and oat mixed residue could significantly increase the plant height, stem diameter and whole plant of fresh weight (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Wheat, wheat and mixed oats residue can promote the growth on continuous cropping of the cucumber seedlings and different stubbles treatment in different periods were different effects of the continuous cropping cucumber soil microbial community structure, increased the soil microbial number of bands, and improved Shannon and evenness indices. Crop straw added into the soil of continuous cropping melon is a simple and effective biology method to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle.

Key words: cucumber, continuous cropping, wheat residue, oat residue, microbiological, community structure

吴凤芝，沈彦辉，周新刚，孙艺文. 添加小麦和燕麦秸秆对连作黄瓜生长及土壤微生物群落结构的调节作用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(22): 4585-4596.

WU Feng-zhi, SHEN Yan-hui, ZHOU Xin-gang, SUN Yi-wen. Regulation Effect of Wheat and Oat Residue on Growth of Continuous Cucumber Cropping and Soil Microbial Community Structure[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(22): 4585-4596.

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