灌溉方式对寒地水稻产量及籽粒灌浆的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.22.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同灌溉方式对寒地水稻茎蘖动态、干物质积累和籽粒灌浆特征的影响，以深化灌溉方式对籽粒灌浆过程调控的认识，为指导水稻高产、高效栽培提供依据。【方法】试验以空育131和垦稻24为试验材料，在大田设置重干湿交替灌溉（W₁）、轻干湿交替灌溉（W₂）和浅水灌溉（W₃）3 种灌溉处理，分析灌溉处理对寒地水稻产量形成和籽粒灌浆特性的影响。【结果】不同灌溉方式对寒地水稻茎蘖数、成穗率、干物质积累量、抽穗后茎鞘干物质转运、籽粒灌浆、产量及其构成的影响均存在显著差异，W₂和W₁处理能够有效控制无效分蘖，增加结实率，降低植株高度和缩短倒3、4节间长度，其中W₂处理下成穗率提高，干物质积累及转运能力增强，且千粒重也有明显增加。从灌浆特性上看，灌溉方式下空育131和垦稻24籽粒鲜重增加与花后天数呈二次曲线关系，模拟效果以垦稻24表现最佳，最大籽粒鲜重(Y_max)均以W₂处理最大；W₂处理下籽粒灌浆速率大且呈单峰曲线变化，前期生长迅速，到达最大灌浆速率时间早；籽粒干重增重可用Richards方程对籽粒灌浆过程进行分析，相关系数在0.9940—0.9995，品种间籽粒灌浆中达到最大生长速率的时间（T_max），最大生长速率（G_max）以及平均生长速率（G_mean）均表现为垦稻24＞空育131。在产量方面，2012年W₂处理下2个品种产量较W₁处理增加13.91%—28.26%，较W₃处理产量增加5.31—9.95%；2013年较W₁处理产量增加22.05%—25.67%，较W₃处理产量增加5.15—7.70%。因此，轻干湿交替灌溉方式的增产途径是农艺性状配置合理，抽穗后干物质积累能力强及所占比例高，茎鞘干物质转运能力强，形成较高的群体素质；籽粒灌浆中最终生长量（A）和起始生长势（R₀）增加，T_max值缩短，G_max值和G_mean值提高；对二次枝梗作用效果大于一次枝梗，其中3粒二次枝梗粒数和产量明显增加，收获指数、千粒重和结实率高，最终籽粒产量高。【结论】灌溉方式对寒地水稻产量形成和籽粒灌浆过程的调控产生较大影响，从增产角度上看，目前轻干湿交替灌溉方式更适合在寒地水稻高产、高效栽培中应用，而重干湿交替和浅水灌溉不利于寒地水稻产量的增加。

关键词: 灌溉方式, 寒地水稻, 产量, 干物质积累, 灌浆特性

Abstract: 【Objective】This paper discusses the influences of irrigation regimes on the tiller dynamics, dry matter accumulation, and grain-filling characteristics of rice in cold regions to deepen our understanding of the regulation of the grain-filling process. This study provides a theoretical basis for guiding the high yield and high-efficiency cultivation of rice.【Method】Kendao 24 and Kongyu 131 (two rice cultivars widely planted in northeastern China) were planted in the field with three types of irrigation regimes, namely, heavy irrigation with alternating wetting and drying (W₁), light irrigation with alternating wetting and drying (W₂), and irrigation with shallow water (W₃). The influences of such irrigation regimes on the yield and grain filling of rice in cold regions were analyzed. 【Result】The irrigation treatments caused significant effects on the number of stem and tiller, percentage of earbearing tiller, dry matter accumulation, dry matter transmission in the stem-sheath after heading sprouting, grain-filling properties, and yield and its components. W₂ and W₁ treatments effectively controlled the ineffective tillering, increased the seed setting rate, reduced the height of the plant, and decreased the lengths of the third and fourth internodes from the top. Under W₂ treatment, the percentage of earbearing tiller increased, the dry matter accumulation and transport capability was enhanced, and the 1000-grain weight increased significantly. The filling characteristics showed that the relationship between the fresh weight of grain and the days after anthesis was a quadratic curve relation under different irrigation regimes. The simulation effect of Kendao 24 was better than that of Kongyu 131, and the maximum grain fresh weight of W₂ treatment was the largest in the two varieties. W₂ treatment had a large grain-filling rate, which showed a single peak curve, and an early rapid growth; it also started filling early and reached the maximum grain-filling rate immediately. Grain dry weight can be analyzed by the Richards equation. The correlation coefficient ranged from 0.9940 to 0.9995. The high final weight of a kernel (A), initial grain-filling potential (R₀), high maximum grain-filling rate (G_max), and mean grain-filling rate (G_mean) of W₂ treatment were the highest. Between the two varieties, Kongyu 131 presented a shorter time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate (T_max) value than Kendao 24. However, the G_max and G_meanvalues of Kendao 24 were higher than those of Kongyu 131. In terms of production, the processing actual output of W₂ treatment increased by 13.91% to 28.26% and by 5.31 to 9.95% in 2012 compared with those of W₁ and W₃ treatments, respectively. However, the actual output of W₂ treatment increased only by 22.05% to 25.67% and by 5.15% to 7.70% in 2013 compared with those of W₁ and W₃ treatments, respectively. Therefore, the yield increasing way of W₂ treatment was achieved by the reasonable allocation of plant agronomic traits, high dry matter accumulation capability and proportion, strong stem and sheath dry matter transport capacity, and formation of high-quality population. High final weight of a kerne (A) and initial grain-filling potential (R₀) increased, the T_max value was shortened, the G_max value and the G_mean value were increased. The effect of the secondary rachis branch was greater than that of the primary rachis branch, which significantly increased the secondary branch grain number and yield, harvest index, 1000-grain weight, and seed setting rate, thereby causing a high grain yield.【Conclusion】Irrigation regimes had a great effect on the yield formation and regulation of the grain-filling process of rice in cold regions. Regarding production, W₂ treatment was more suitable to be applied to achieve high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of rice in cold regions, whereas W₁ and W₃ treatments were not conducive to the increase in rice yield in cold regions.

Key words: irrigation regimes, rice in cold region, yield, dry matter accumulation, grain-filling properties

赵黎明，李明，郑殿峰，顾春梅，那永光，解保胜. 灌溉方式对寒地水稻产量及籽粒灌浆的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(22): 4493-4506.

ZHAO Li-ming, LI Ming, ZHENG Dian-feng, GU Chun-mei, NA Yong-guang, XIE Bao-sheng. Effects of Irrigation Regimes on Yield and Grain Filling of Rice (Oryza sativa L. ) in Cold Region[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(22): 4493-4506.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.22.010

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2015/V48/I22/4493

参考文献

[1] Tabbal D F, Bouman B A M, Bhuiyan S I, Sibayan E B, Sattar M A. On-farm strategies for reducing water input in irrigated rice: Case studies in the Philippines. Agricultural Water Management, 2002, 56(2): 93-112.

[2] Yang J, Liu K, Wang Z, Du Y, Zhang J H. Water-saving and high-yielding irrigation for lowland rice by controlling limiting values of soil water potential. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2007, 49(10): 1445-1454.

[3] Zhang H, Zhang S, Yang J C, Zhang J H, Wang Z Q. Postanthesis moderate wetting drying improves both quality and quantity of rice yield. Agronomy Journal, 2008, 100(3): 726-734.

[4] Zhang H, Xue Y, Wang Z. An alternate wetting and moderate soil drying regime improves root and shoot growth in rice. Crop Science, 2009, 49 (6): 2246-2260.

[5] 肖新, 赵言文, 胡锋, 牛高华, 李旭征, 刘红升. 南方丘陵典型季节性干旱区水稻节水灌溉的密肥互作效应研究. 干旱地区农业研究, 2005, 23(6): 73-79.

Xiao X, Zhao Y W, Hu F, Niu G H, Li X Z, Liu H S. Field water management to save water and increase its productivity in irrigated lowland rice. Agricultural Water Management, 2001, 49 (1): 11-30. (in Chinese)

[6] Belder P, Bouman B A M, Cabangon R, Lu G A, Quilang E J P, Li Y H, Spertz J H J, Tuong T P. Effect of water-saving irrigation on rice yield and water use in typical lowland conditions in Asia. Agricultural Water Management, 2003, 65 (3): 193-210.

[7] Bouman B A M. A conceptual framework for the improvement of crop water productivity at different spatial scales. Agricultural Systems, 2006, 93 (1): 43-60.

[8] Khan A N, Murayama S, Ishimine Y, Tsuzuki E, Nakamura I. Physio-morphological studies of F₁ hybrids in rice(Oryza sativa L.) : Photosynthetic ability and yield. Plant Production Science, 2008, 1(4): 233-239.

[9] 陆大雷, 闫发宝, 陆卫平. 糯玉米灌浆结实期籽粒淀粉理化特性变化. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(23): 4793-4800

Lu D L, Yan F B, Lu W P. Dynamics of physicochemical characteristics in two waxy maize varieties during grain filling. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(23): 4793-4800. ( in Chinese)

[10] 顾世梁, 朱庆森, 杨建昌, 彭少兵. 不同水稻材料籽粒灌浆特性的分析. 作物学报, 2001, 27(1): 7-14．

Gu S L, Zhu Q S, Yang J C, Peng S B. Analysis on grain filling characteristics for different rice types. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2001, 27(1): 7-14. ( in Chinese)

[11] 朱庆森, 曹显祖, 骆亦其. 水稻籽粒灌浆的生长分析. 作物学报, 1988, 14(3): 182-193.

Zhu Q S, Cao X Z, Luo Y Q. Growth analysis on the process of grain filling in rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 1988, 14(3): 182-193. (in Chinese)

[12] Wardlaw I F, Willenbrink J. Mobilization of fructan reserves and changes in enzyme activities in wheat stems correlate with water stress during kernel filling. New Phytologist, 2002, 148 (3) :413-422.

[13] Aggarwal P K, Sinha S K. Effect of water stress on grain growth and assimilate partitioning in two cultivars of wheat contrasting in their yield stability in a drought-environment. Annals of Botany , 1984, 53 (3): 329-340.

[14] 王贺正, 马均, 李旭毅, 张荣萍. 水分胁迫对水稻籽粒灌浆及淀粉合成有关酶活性的影响. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(5): 1550-1558.

Wang H Z, Ma J, Li X Y, Zhang R P. Effects of water stress on grain filling and activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis in rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(5): 1550-1558. ( in Chinese)

[15] 刘培, 蔡焕杰, 王健. 土壤水分胁迫下冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性的研究. 节水灌溉, 2010(1): 1-4．

Liu P, Cai H J, Wang J. Study on grain filling characteristic of winter wheat seed under soil water stress. Water Saving Irrigation, 2010(1): 1-4. ( in Chinese)

[16] 霍中洋, 姚义, 张洪程, 夏炎, 倪晓诚, 戴其根, 许轲, 魏海燕. 播期对直播稻光合物质生产特征的影响. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(13): 2592-2606.

Huo Z Y, Yao Y, Zhang H C, Xia Y, Ni X C, Dai Q G, Xu K, Wei H Y. Effect of sowing date on characteristics of photosynthesis and matter production of direct seeding rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(13): 2592-2606. (in Chinese)

[17] 郭明明, 赵广才, 郭文善, 常旭虹, 王德梅, 杨玉双, 王美, 亓振, 王雨, 孙通. 播期对不同筋力型小麦旗叶光合及籽粒灌浆特性的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2015, 35(2): 192-197.

Gu M M, Zhao G C, Guo W S, Chang X H, Wang D M, Yang Y S, Wang M, Yuan Z, Wang Y, Sun T. Effect of different sowing dates on characteristics of flag leaf photosynthesis and grain filling of wheat cultivars with different gluten. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2015, 35(2): 192-197. ( in Chinese)

[18] 杨志远, 孙永健, 徐徽, 秦俭, 贾现文, 马均. 栽培方式与免耕对杂交稻Ⅱ优 498 灌浆期根系衰老和籽粒灌浆的影响. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(7): 1347-1358.

Yang Z Y, Sun Y J, Xu H, Qin J, Jia X W, Ma J. Influence of cultivation methods and no-tillage on root senescence at filling stage and grain-filling properties of Eryou 498. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(7): 1347-1358. ( in Chinese)

[19] 赵宏伟, 刘洋, 谷海东, 姚辰. 插秧密度对两种不同穗型水稻品种灌浆特性的影响. 东北农业大学学报, 2014, 45(9): 18-24.

Zhao H W, Liu Y, Gu H D, Yao C. Effect of transplanting density on grain-filling characters on two rice varieties with different types of panicles. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2014, 45(9): 18-24. ( in Chinese)

[20] 魏珊珊, 王祥宇, 董树亭. 株行距配置对高产夏玉米冠层结构及籽粒灌浆特性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(2): 441-450.

Wei S S, Wang X Y, Dong S T. Effects of row spacing on canopy structure and grain-filling characteristics of high-yield summer maize. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(2): 441-450. ( in Chinese)

[21] 王晓慧, 张磊, 刘双利, 曹玉军, 魏雯雯, 刘春光, 王永军, 边少锋, 王立春. 不同熟期春玉米品种的籽粒灌浆特性. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(18): 3557-3565.

Wang X H, Zhang L, Liu S L, Cao Y J, Wei W W, Liu C G, Wang Y J, Bian S F, Wang L C. Grain filling characteristics of maize hybrids differing in maturities. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(18): 3557-3565. ( in Chinese)

[22] 陈海生, 陶龙兴, 王熹, 黄效林, 谈惠娟, 程式华, 闵绍楷. 灌水方式对水稻灌浆期光合物质运转与分配的影响. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(4): 678-683.

Chen H S, Tao L X, Wang X, Huang X L, Tan H J, Cheng S H, Min S K. Effect of different irrigation modes during grain filling of rice on translocation and allocation of carbohydrate in rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2005, 38(4): 678-683. (in Chinese)

[23] 孟兆江, 孙景生, 段爱旺, 刘祖贵, 王和洲. 调亏灌溉条件下冬小麦籽粒灌浆特征及其模拟模型. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(1): 18-23.

Meng Z J, Sun J S, Duan A W, Liu Z G, Wang H Z. Grain filling characteristics of winter wheat with regulated deficit irrigation and its simulation models. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2010, 26(1): 18-23. (in Chinese)

[24] 赵玉霞, 李娜, 周芳, 李雪芳, 王林权. 氮硫配施对冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(5): 1366-1372.

Zhao Y X, Li N, Zhou F, Li X F, Wang L Q. Effects of N and S application on grain filling characteristics and yield of winter wheat. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(5): 1366-1372. (in Chinese)

[25] 张自常, 徐云姬, 褚光, 王志琴, 王学明, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 不同灌溉方式下的水稻群体质量. 作物学报, 2011, 37(11): 2011-2019.

Zhang Z C, Xu Y J, Zhu G, Wang Z Q, Wang X M, Liu L J, Yang J C. Population quality of rice under different irrigation regimes. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2011, 37(11): 2011-2019. (in Chinese)

[26] 刘凤丽, 彭世彰, 徐俊增, 丁加丽. 控制灌溉模式下水稻群体结构试验研究. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2004, 35(5-6): 417-419.

Liu F L, Peng S Z, Xu J Z, Ding J L. Characteristics of rice population under controlled irrigation condition. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2004, 35(5-6): 417-419. (in Chinese)

[27] 潘玉才, 钱非凡, 黄卫红, 陆群, 沈金芳. 麦秸还田对水稻生长的影响. 上海农业学报, 2000, 17(1): 59-65.

Pan Y C, Qian F F, Huang W H, Lu Q, Shen J F. Effect of returning of wheat stalk to field on growth of rice. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 2000, 17(1): 59-65. (in Chinese)

[28] 傅志强, 黄璜, 朱华武, 陈灿. 不同灌溉方式对水稻生长及产量的影响. 作物研究, 2011, 25(4): 299-303.

Fu Z Q, Huang H, Zhu H W, Chen C. Effects of different irrigation methods on paddy rice growth and yields. Crop Research, 2011, 25(4): 299-303. (in Chinese)

[29] 朱士江, 孙爱华, 张忠学, 王忠波, 杜平. 不同节水灌溉模式对水稻分蘖、株高及产量的影响. 节水灌溉, 2013(2): 16-18.

Zhu S J, Sun A H, Zhang Z X, Wang Z B, Du P. Effect of different water-saving irrigation modes on rice tillering, height and yield in cold area. Water Saving Irrigation, 2013(2): 16-18. (in Chinese)

[30] 邓环, 曹凑贵, 程建平, 蔡明历, 汪金平. 不同灌溉方式对水稻生物学特性的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2008, 16(3): 602-606.

Deng H, Cao C G, Cheng J P, Cai M L, Wang J P. Impact of different irrigation methods on biological characteristics of rice. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2008, 16(3): 602-606. (in Chinese)

[31] 张彬, 黄庆, 刘怀珍, 陆透明, 李康活, 李惠芬, 邹积祥. 不同水分管理模式下华南双季超级稻群体生长及物质生产特征. 中国稻米, 2013, 19(4): 30-34.

Zhang B, Huang Q, Liu H Z, Lu T M, Li K H, Li H F, Zou J X. Double cropping super rice growth and matter production characteristics of different water management mode in southern China. China Rice, 2013, 19(4): 30-34. (in Chinese)

[32] 吴文革, 张洪程, 陈烨, 李杰, 钱银飞, 吴桂成, 翟超群. 超级中籼杂交水稻氮素积累利用特性与物质生产. 作物学报, 2008, 34(6): 1060-1068

Wu W G, Zhang H H, Chen Y, Li J, Qian Y F, Wu G C, Zhai C Q. Dry-matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption and utilization in middle-season indica super hybrid rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2008, 34(6): 1060-1068. (in Chinese)

[33] 梁建生, 曹显祖, 张海燕, 宋平, 朱庆森. 水稻籽粒灌浆期间茎鞘贮存物质含量变化及其影响因素的研究. 中国水稻科学, 1994, 8(3): 151-156.

Liang J S, Cao X Z, Zhang H P, Song P, Zhu Q S. The changes and affecting factors of stem-sheath reserve contents of rice during grain filling. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 1994, 8(3): 151-156. (in Chinese)

[34] 陈温福, 徐正进, 张龙步. 水稻超高产育种生理基础. 沈阳: 辽宁科技出版社, 1995: 69-94.

Chen W F, Xu Z G, Zhang L B. Physiological Basis of Rice Breeding for Super High Yield. Shenyang: Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House, 1995: 69-94. (in Chinese)

[35] Yang Z F, Naoto I, Kaori F. Analysis of dry-matter translocation during grain filling stage of rice. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 2004, 73(3): 416-423.

[36] 邹应斌, 黄见良, 屠乃美, 李合松, 黄升平. “旺壮重”栽培对双季杂交稻产量形成及生理特性的影响. 作物学报, 2001, 27(3): 343-350.

Zou Y B, Huang J L, Tu N X, Li H S, Huang S P. Effects of the VSW cultural method on yield formation and physiological characteristics in double cropping hybrid rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2001, 27(3): 343-350. (in Chinese)

[37] 杨建昌, 刘立军, 王志琴, 郎有忠, 朱庆森. 稻穗颖花开花时间对胚乳发育的影响及其生理机制. 中国农业科学, 1999, 32(3): 44-51.

Yang J C, Liu L J, Wang Z Q, Lang Y Z, Zhu Q S. Effects of flowering time of spikelets on endosperm development in rice and its physiological mechanism. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1999, 32(3): 44-51. (in Chinese)

[38] 李杰, 张洪程, 龚金龙, 常勇, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 不同种植方式对超级稻籽粒灌浆特性的影响作物学报, 2011, 37(9): 1631-1641.

Li J, Zhang H C, Gong J L, Chang Y, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Gao H. Influence of planting methods on grain-filling properties of super rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2011, 37(9): 1631-1641. (in Chinese)

[39] 王建林, 徐正进, 马殿荣. 北方杂交稻与常规稻籽粒灌浆特性的比较. 中国水稻科学, 2004, 18(5): 425-430.

Wang J L, Xu Z J, Ma D R. Comparison on grain filling characters between hybrid and conventional rice in northern China. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2004, 18(5): 425-430. (in Chinese)

[40] Zhang H, Chen T, Wang Z, Yang J, Zhang J. Involvement of cytokinins in the grain filling of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2010, 61: 3719-3733.

[41] 于林惠, 李刚华, 徐晶晶, 凌启鸿, 丁艳锋. 基于高产示范方的机插水稻群体特征研究. 中国水稻科学, 2011, 26(4): 451-456.

Yu L H, Li G H, Xu J J, Ling Q H, Ding Y F. Population characteristics of machine-transplanted japonica rice based on high- yield demonstration fields. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2012, 26(4): 451-456. (in Chinese)

[42] Huang M, Zou Y B, Jiang P, Xia B, Ibrahim M, Ao H J. Relationship between grain yield and yield components in super hybrid rice. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2011, 10(10): 1537-1544.

[43] 吴文革, 张洪程, 吴桂成, 翟超群, 钱银飞, 陈烨, 徐军, 戴其根, 许珂. 超级稻群体籽粒库容特征的初步研究. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(2): 250-257.

Wu W G, Zhang H C, Wu G C, Zhai C Q, Qian Y F, Chen Y, Xu J, Dai Q G, Xu K. Preliminary study on super rice population sink characters. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(2): 250-257. (in Chinese)