中国农业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (17): 3333-3353.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.17.003
黎裕,李英慧,杨庆文,张锦鹏,张金梅,邱丽娟,王天宇
收稿日期:
2014-12-16
出版日期:
2015-09-01
发布日期:
2015-09-01
通讯作者:
黎裕,E-mail:liyu03@caas.cn
作者简介:
黎裕,E-mail:liyu03@caas.cn
基金资助:
LI Yu, LI Ying-hui, YANG Qing-wen, ZHANG Jin-peng, ZHANG Jin-mei, QIU Li-juan, WANG Tian-yu
Received:
2014-12-16
Online:
2015-09-01
Published:
2015-09-01
摘要: 作物种质资源工作涉及面很广,包括种质资源的收集、编目、保护、繁种更新、分发利用与信息系统建立等基础性工作,作物起源、驯化与传播、种质分类、民族植物学与传统知识研究等基础研究,遗传多样性评价、重要性状表型鉴定、种质资源基因型鉴定、基因发掘和种质创新等应用基础研究。经过近百年的努力,种质资源的基础性工作已卓有成效,作物种质资源保护与共享利用体系基本建立。但由于主要基于形态学的传统研究思路和方法存在很多先天不足,种质资源基础研究和应用基础研究一直举步维艰,效率低下。随着分子标记技术和第二代测序技术的快速发展,基因组学理论和方法不断深入到种质资源研究的多个层面,使种质资源保护和创新利用发生了研究思路和方法学上的变革。基因组学研究成果为种质资源的有效收集和保护提供了理论指导,也为阐明作物起源和演化、全面评估种质资源结构多样性提供了核心理论和技术,同时大幅度提高了基因发掘和种质创新效率。特别是全基因组测序、重测序和简化基因组测序技术不断成熟,使在全基因组水平上比较不同种质资源基因组变异成为可能;在此基础上,可阐明农作物起源以及驯化、改良和传播对种质资源形成的影响,明确现有种质资源和野外种质资源群体结构和遗传多样性,提出种质资源异地保存和原生境保护的最佳策略;结合表型鉴定数据,利用连锁分析和关联分析等基因组学方法,可高效发掘种质资源中蕴含的新基因和有利等位基因,提出其利用途径和具体方案,并在种质创新过程中充分利用基因组学研究成果提高创新效率。文章评述了基因组学在种质资源研究中的应用现状,特别是在种质资源基因型鉴定、异地保存和原生境保护、作物起源与进化研究、结构多样性分析、新基因发掘和种质创新等方面的应用情况及其发展趋势。提出了今后的发展方向和工作重点,强调把基因组学理论和方法与作物种质资源研究紧密结合,为种质资源的有效保护和高效利用提供强有力的理论、技术、材料与信息支撑。
黎裕,李英慧,杨庆文,张锦鹏,张金梅,邱丽娟,王天宇. 基于基因组学的作物种质资源研究:现状与展望[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(17): 3333-3353.
LI Yu, LI Ying-hui, YANG Qing-wen, ZHANG Jin-peng, ZHANG Jin-mei, QIU Li-juan, WANG Tian-yu. Genomics-Based Crop Germplasm Research: Advances and Perspectives[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(17): 3333-3353.
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