基于国家果树种质南京桃资源圃的桃褐腐病抗性评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.15.012

中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (15): 3018-3028.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.15.012

基于国家果树种质南京桃资源圃的桃褐腐病抗性评价

沈志军¹(),田雨²,蔡志翔¹,徐子媛¹,严娟¹,孙朦¹,马瑞娟¹,俞明亮¹

¹江苏省农业科学院果树研究所/江苏省园艺作物遗传改良重点实验室,南京 210014
²南京六合中等专业学校,南京211500
³扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2021-11-13 接受日期:2022-01-21 出版日期:2022-08-01 发布日期:2022-08-02
通讯作者: 俞明亮
作者简介:沈志军,Tel：13951033832;E-mail： shenjaas@aliyun.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1000200);国家桃产业技术体系(CARS-30);农业农村部物种保护项目(19210137);国家科技资源共享服务平台项目(NHGRC2021-NH16);江苏省种业揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS2021);江苏省种业揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS016)

Evaluation of Brown Rot Resistance in Peach Based on Genetic Resources Conserved in National Germplasm Repository of Peach in Nanjing

SHEN ZhiJun¹(),TIAN Yu²,CAI ZhiXiang(),XU ZiYuan¹,YAN Juan¹,SUN Meng¹,MA RuiJuan¹,YU MingLiang¹

¹Fruit Tree Research Institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014
²Nanjing Liuhe Secondary Vocational School, Nanjing 211500
³College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu

Received:2021-11-13 Accepted:2022-01-21 Online:2022-08-01 Published:2022-08-02
Contact: ZhiXiang CAI

1. 附表.pdf(23631KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】褐腐病是危害桃果实的最严重病害之一,在采收前后造成大量果实损失,开展桃褐腐病抗性的系统鉴定评价,筛选抗性资源,为褐腐病抗性育种的亲本选配提供遗传资源,是解决栽培品种褐腐病抗性不强的长久之策。【方法】2018—2021年,以国家果树种质南京桃资源圃的种质资源为试材,采收8.0—8.5成熟度的果实,无损接种616份,有损接种505份,观测无损接种的病果率每天增加百分比（%）和有损接种的病斑直径扩展速率（cm·d^-1）,以平均值和0.5标准差建立9级抗性评价体系,比较不同种质类型、果实类型、来源地的褐腐病抗性,并分析抗性指标与其他果实性状的相关性。【结果】无损接种病果率每天增加百分比为（11.22±5.96）%,变异系数为35.48,基于此指标建立的9级抗性评价体系中,抗性1级（<0.80%）的种质资源缺失,2级（0.80—3.78%）中含有10份抗性较强的种质资源,3级（3.78%—6.76%）134份,4级（6.76%—9.73%）157份,5级（9.73%—12.71%）122份,6级（12.71%—15.68%）73份,7级（15.68%—18.66%）60份,8级（18.66%—21.64%）21份,9级（>21.64%）39份。无损接种病斑直径扩展速率为（1.71±0.21）cm·d^-1,变异系数为0.18,基于此指标的9级评价体系中,1级（<0.98 cm·d^-1）含11份种质资源,2级（0.98—1.19 cm·d^-1）28份,3级（1.19—1.40 cm·d^-1）72份,4级（1.40—1.61 cm·d^-1）109份,5级（1.61—1.83 cm·d^-1）103份,6级（1.83—2.04 cm·d^-1）82份,7级（2.04—2.25 cm·d^-1）45份,8级（2.25—2.46 cm·d^-1）29份,9级（>2.46 cm·d^-1）26份。无损接种病果率每天增加百分比（y）与有损接种病斑扩展速率（x）的回归为关系为y=6.2073x（R²=0.1839）,线性程度较低。分组均值比较发现中国桃野生资源相对具有较强的褐腐病抗性,是抗性资源挖掘的重点。无损接种病果率每天增加百分比与有损接种病斑扩展速率2个指标均与果实带皮硬度（r=-0.234）和去皮硬度（r=-0.240）呈极显著负相关,与单果重（r=0.427）和着色程度（r=0.319）呈极显著正相关,但相关系数较低。【结论】分别建立了基于无损接种病果率每天增加百分比（%）和有损接种病斑直径扩展速率（cm∙d^-1）的褐腐病抗性9级评价体系;筛选出抗侵染能力较强的种质资源10份,抗扩展能力较强的种质资源11份。

关键词: 桃, 种质资源, 褐腐病, 评价体系, 抗性种质

Abstract:

【Objective】 The brown rot is one of the most serious diseases in peach throughout the world and usually causes huge economic losses during the peach harvest and storage stages. The systematic evaluation on brown rot resistance of peach germplasm resources and screening of resistant resources were performed for developing new peach cultivars with high resistance to brown rot, and finally solving the problem in peach cultivation.【Method】 The commercially matured peaches with 8.0-8.5 maturity degree from National Germplasm Repository of Peach in Nanjing were inoculated by Monilinia spore during 2018-2021. Altogether, 616 accessions were evaluated by uninjured inoculation, and 505 accessions by injured inoculation. The percentage growth of infected fruits per day (PGIF, %) and lesion diameter growth rate (LDGR, cm∙d^-1) were used to evaluate brown rot resistance, and then a nine-grade evaluation method was established based on the average value of PGIF and LDGR with 0.5 standard deviation, respectively. The brown rot resistance was compared among different germplasm types, fruit types and origins, and the correlation between brown rot resistance and other characteristics were also investigated. 【Result】 PGIF was (11.22±5.96)% with the CV value of 35.48 for the samples with uninjured inoculation. Based on the nine-grade resistance evaluation method by PGIF, the accession with Grade 1 (PGIF<0.80%) was not available, ten accessions with Grade 2 (0.80%-3.78%), 134 accessions with Grade 3 (3.78%-6.76%), 157 accessions with Grade 4 (6.76%-9.73%), 122 accessions with Grade 5 (9.73%-12.71%), 73 accessions with Grade 6 (12.71%-15.68%), 60 accessions with Grade 7 (15.68%-18.66%), 21 accessions with Grade 8 (18.66%-21.64%), and 39 accessions with Grade 9 (>21.64%). LDGR was (1.71±0.21) cm∙d^-1 with the CV value of 0.18, and there were 11 accessions with Grade1 (LDGR<0.98 cm∙d^-1), 28 accessions with Grade 2 (0.98-1.19 cm∙d^-1), 72 accessions with Grade 3 (1.19-1.40 cm∙d^-1), 109 accessions with Grade 4 (1.40-1.61 cm∙d^-1), 103 accessions with Grade 5 (1.61-1.83 cm∙d^-1), 82 accessions with Grade 6 (1.83-2.04 cm∙d^-1), 45 accessions with Grade 7 (2.04-2.25 cm∙d^-1), 29 accessions with Grade 8 (2.25-2.46 cm∙d^-1), and 26 accessions with Grade 9 (>2.46 cm∙d^-1) according to the nine-grade resistance evaluation method by LDGR. The linear regression of PGIF (y) to LDGR (x) was y=6.2073x, with a low R²value of 0.1839. The comparison of brown rot resistance among different groups showed that the wild peach resources originated from China had more resistance to brown rot relative to those from other areas, and the wild resources would be very valuable for peach brown rot resistance breeding in the near future. PGIF and LDGR were significantly negatively correlated with both fruit firmness with exocarp (-0.234) and without exocarp (-0.240), and significantly positively with fruit size (0.427) and degree of coloring (0.319), but the correlation coefficient was relatively low. 【Conclusion】 A nine-grade evaluation system for peach brown rot resistance was established based on percentage growth of infected fruits per day (%) and lesion diameter growth rate (cm∙d^-1), respectively. In addition, 10 peach germplasm resources with high resistance to infestation by peach brown rot and 11 with high anti-expansion capacity against peach brown rot were screened in this study.

Key words: peach, germplasm resources, brown rot, evaluation system, resistant germplasm

沈志军, 田雨, 蔡志翔, 徐子媛, 严娟, 孙朦, 马瑞娟, 俞明亮. 基于国家果树种质南京桃资源圃的桃褐腐病抗性评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(15): 3018-3028.

SHEN ZhiJun, TIAN Yu, CAI ZhiXiang, XU ZiYuan, YAN Juan, SUN Meng, MA RuiJuan, YU MingLiang. Evaluation of Brown Rot Resistance in Peach Based on Genetic Resources Conserved in National Germplasm Repository of Peach in Nanjing[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(15): 3018-3028.

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接种方式 Inoculation type	2018	2019	2020	2021	合计 Total
无损接种Inoculation without injury	119	288	333	282	616
有损接种Inoculation with injury	115	183	277	233	505

评价指标 Evaluation item	统计参数 Statistical parameters	带皮硬度 Firmness with exocarp	去皮硬度 Firmness without exocarp	单果重 Fruit weight	着色程度 Degree of coloration	病斑扩展速率 Lesion diameter growth rate
病斑扩展速率 LDGR	相关系数r	-0.234**	-0.240**	0.427**	0.319**	1
病斑扩展速率 LDGR	样本数 n	505	505	505	505	505
病果率每天增加百分比PGIF	相关系数r	-0.188**	-0.140**	0.271**	0.244**	0.431**
病果率每天增加百分比PGIF	样本数 n	616	616	616	616	505

基于国家果树种质南京桃资源圃的桃褐腐病抗性评价

Evaluation of Brown Rot Resistance in Peach Based on Genetic Resources Conserved in National Germplasm Repository of Peach in Nanjing

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