油脂来源及使用量对小鼠生长、健康、血脂和肝脏胆固醇代谢指标的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.05.15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】观察饲料中添加不同种类和不同剂量的油脂对小鼠生长性能、健康状态、血脂指标和肝脏胆固醇代谢关键基因相对表达量的影响，探讨日粮中不同油脂来源及使用量对肝脏胆固醇代谢的作用机制，为哺乳动物筛选较为适宜的油脂类型及其添加量提供理论参考。【方法】试验选取3周龄体重16—19 g的健康昆明种小鼠48只，随机分为4组，每组4个重复，每个重复3只。4组分别饲喂正常小鼠饲料（对照组）和添加4%豆油（B组）、4%乳化椰子粉（L组）以及8%乳化椰子粉（H组）的饲料14 d。试验期间，记录每天的饲喂次数、每次饲喂量、饲料剩余量，所有试验动物均自由采食和饮水。分析试验期间小鼠的体重变化和平均日采食量（ADFI）、平均日增重（ADG）以及料重比（F/G）等生长性能指标，分析小鼠的血液分布和健康指数等健康状态指标，测定小鼠的肝脏重以及甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）等血清脂质指标，运用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测小鼠肝脏组织中胆固醇7-α羟化酶（CYP7A1）、低密度脂蛋白受体（LDLR）和3-羟-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶（HMGCR）这3个基因的mRNA表达水平。【结果】①生长性能方面，添加4%豆油组的小鼠体重变化、平均日采食量和肝脏脏器指数与对照组差异显著（P＜0.05），而平均日增重、料重比和肝脏重与对照组差异不显著（P＞0.05）；添加4%乳化椰子粉组的小鼠各生长性能指标与对照组差异不显著（P＞0.05）；8%乳化椰子粉显著提高小鼠的平均日采食量（P＜0.05），其他指标差异不显著（P＞0.05）。②健康状态方面，各试验组小鼠的血液分布和健康指数与对照组相比均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。③血脂指标方面，与对照组相比，添加4%豆油显著降低了小鼠血清中TC和HDL-C含量（P＜0.05），对TG和LDL-C的影响差异不显著（P＞0.05），添加4%乳化椰子粉对小鼠的各项血脂指标均无显著性影响（P＞0.05），添加8%乳化椰子粉能显著降低血清TC含量（P＜0.05），但对TG、HDL-C和LDL-C无显著性影响（P＞0.05）；④肝脏胆固醇相关基因方面，添加8%乳化椰子粉组肝脏中CYP7A1基因mRNA表达量显著高于对照组（P＜0.05），而4%豆油组和4%乳化椰子粉组与对照组相比无显著差异（P＞0.05）。肝脏HMGCR基因和LDLR基因mRNA表达水平与对照组差异不显著（P＞0.05）。【结论】日粮中添加豆油增加了小鼠日采食量和体重等指标，降低了血清总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇；高剂量乳化椰子粉的添加提高了小鼠日采食量，降低了血清总胆固醇，并增加了肝脏CYP7A1基因mRNA的表达。相比于添加高剂量乳化椰子粉，低剂量乳化椰子粉在改善小鼠脂代谢方面应用效果并不好。添加油脂可能是通过调控肝脏中胆固醇代谢相关酶的基因表达量来影响小鼠肝脏胆固醇的代谢，从而维持体内的胆固醇代谢的稳态。

关键词: 油脂来源, 脂质指标, 胆固醇代谢, 基因表达

Abstract: 【Objective】This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary fat source and dosages on growth performance, health status, serum lipid indicators and liver cholesterol metabolism-related gene mRNA expression level and to explore the mechanism of dietary fats source and dosage on hepatic cholesterol metabolism of mice. Results will contribute to select a suitable amount and type of oil for mammal.【Method】 Forty eight 3-week-old healthy KM mice whose body weights were 16-19 g were randomly assigned into four groups with 4 replicates per group and 3 mice each. Mice were fed: normal diet (control group); 4% bean oil diet (group B); 4% emulsified coconut powder diet (group L); 8% emulsified coconut powder diet (group H)for fourteen days, respectively. During the whole experiment, daily feeding times, feed quantity and remaining amount of feed of each time were recorded. All animals were fed and watered ad libitum. According to the recorded data, body weight and average daily feed intake (ADFI), the average daily gain (ADG), feed gain ratio (F/G) were calculated. Blood distribution, health index and liver weight of mice were measured. The concentrations of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum were determined. The expression of mRNA of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and low density lipoprotein-receptor (LDLR) in liver were determined by real time PCR.【Result】Supplementation of 4% bean oil significantly increased body weight, ADFI and liver index of mice compared with the control group (P＜0.05), but had no significant effects on ADG, F/G or liver weight (P＞0.05). Supplementation of 4% emulsified coconut powder failed to significantly change growth performance of mice compared with the control group (P＞0.05). Supplementation of 8% emulsified coconut powder significantly increased ADFI of mice compared with the control group (P＜0.05), but had no significant effects on other growth performance (P＞0.05). Healthy status: Fat had no significant effects on blood distribution and health index (P＞0.05). Compared with the control group, TC and HDL-C levels in the serum significantly decreased in 4% bean oil group (P＜0.05), TG and LDL-C levels have no significant difference. Supplementation of 4% emulsified coconut powder had no significant effects on serum lipid index of mice (P＞0.05). Supplementation of 8% emulsified coconut powder significantly decreased serum TC levels (P＜0.05), but had no significant effects on TG, HDL-C and LDL-C levels (P＞0.05). Supplementation of 8% emulsified coconut powder significantly increased the expression of mRNA of CYP7A1 of mice compared with the control group (P＜0.05). Four percent bean oil diet and 4% emulsified coconut powder diet had no significant effects on the expression of mRNA of CYP7A1 (P＞0.05). There were no significant differences in the expression of mRNA of HMGCR and LDLR among four groups (P＞0.05). 【Conclusion】 Supplementation of bean oil increased the growth performance on ADFI and body weight of mice, decreased serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Supplementation of high doses emulsified coconut powder improved ADFI and decreased serum total cholesterol, and increased CYP7A1 mRNA expression in liver of mice. Compared to the high dosage of emulsified coconut powder, low dosage had no significant effects on improving lipid metabolism of mice. Fat in the diet probably affected liver cholesterol metabolism by regulating the gene expression levels of cholesterol metabolism-related enzymes in the liver to maintain cholesterol metabolism homeostasis in mice.

Key words: fat source, lipid index, cholesterol metabolism, gene expression

黄阳，李平华，贺丽春，汪涵，牛清，石磊，周波，黄瑞华. 油脂来源及使用量对小鼠生长、健康、血脂和肝脏胆固醇代谢指标的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(5): 966-975.

HUANG Yang, LI Ping-hua, HE Li-chun, WANG Han, NIU Qing, SHI Lei,ZHOU Bo, HUANG Rui-hua. Effect of Dietary Fat Sources and Dosages on Growth, Health, Serum Lipid and Liver Cholesterol Metabolism of Mice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(5): 966-975.

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