1970s—2000s中国高粱杂交种亲本遗传距离演变的SSR分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.03.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】对中国高粱不同时期主干品种的遗传背景进行分析，全面系统了解高粱杂交种及其亲本的亲缘关系、遗传多样性及种群间遗传距离的大小，可以减少亲本选配的盲目性，有效提高杂交育种工作的预见性。应用SSR标记技术分析高粱亲本及其F₁的遗传差异，探讨中国高粱品种的遗传多样性及其高粱杂种优势利用以来的优势种群演变。【方法】通过对20世纪70年代以来最具代表性的中晚熟区杂交种及其亲本进行SSR标记遗传距离分析，从分子水平上分析中国高粱杂交种优势类群，研究高粱的育种进展以及杂种优势利用的演变特点。【结果】利用109对引物对55份材料进行扩增，结果表明，47对引物有较好的多态性，共得到等位基因变异373个，平均每个等位基因检测到多态性位点7.5个，多态性位点变化范围为2—14个。供试材料标记位点的PIC变化范围为0.0351—0.8836，平均为0.6085。55个材料间的遗传距离变幅为0.0889－0.9500，平均为0.6011。聚类分析将55份高粱材料聚成4类，聚类结果与根据地理来源、遗传背景的分类结果基本一致。不同年代杂交种亲本间的平均遗传距离在1970－1980年代呈上升趋势，之后略有下降。对不同杂种优势模式亲本间的遗传距离进行分析，得出Durra种群不育系×中国高粱恢复系和倾中国高粱恢复系、Kafir-caudatum种群不育系×中国高粱恢复系和倾中国高粱恢复系遗传距离远，产量高，因此，杂种优势利用模式应以Durra高粱×中国、倾中国高粱，Kafir-caudatum高粱×中国、倾中国高粱模式为主。【结论】高粱亲本间的遗传距离与杂种优势水平有较密切的关系，高粱亲本的选配应充分考虑遗传距离。

关键词: 高粱, SSR, 遗传距离, 杂种优势

Abstract: 【Objective】To explore the genetic differences of Chinese sorghum varieties and evolution of the superior groups since heterosis utilization, SSR markers were used to identify the genetic distance of sorghum parental lines and F₁. Genetic background of Chinese sorghum main varieties in different periods were analyzed, and systematically understand of the genetic relationship, genetic diversity and genetic distance of sorghum hybrids and their parental lines can reduce the blindness of parental lines selection, effectively improve the predictability of cross breeding.【Method】SSR genetic distance of the representative hybrids and their parental lines grown in late-maturing area since 1970s were analyzed. Analysis of the superior groups of sorghum hybrids, research of the breeding progress and the evolution characteristics since heterosis utilization of sorghum were conducted at molecular level. 【Result】 A total 55 hybrids and their parental lines were evaluated by 109 pairs of SSR markers. The results revealed that 47 pairs of SSR markers were highly polymorphic. 373 varied alleles were amplified with an average of 7.5 alleles per marker, the ranges were 2 to 14. The ranges of PIC in 55 cultivars were 0.0351-0.8836, with an average of 0.6085. The genetic distance was averaged at 0.6011 with a range from 0.0889 to 0.9500. The sorghum materials were classified into 4 groups based on the SSR experiments. The clustering results were similar to those based on geographical origins and genetic backgrounds. The results showed that the average genetic distance between the two parental lines of hybrids from different eras showed a upward trend in 1970-1980, then a slight decline. According to the analysis of genetic distance between the two parental lines of hybrids from different heterosis models, Durra sterile lines×Kaoliang or trend Kaoliang restorer lines and Kafir-caudatum sterile lines×Kaoliang or trend kaoliang restorer lines have a far genetic distance, high yield, therefore, the heterosis model of Chinese sorghum hybrids should be Durra×kaoliang or trend kaoliang, Kafir-caudatum×kaoliang or trend kaoliang. 【Conclusion】In this study, it was found that the genetic distance between parental lines has a close relationship with heterosis level in sorghum, therefore, genetic distance should be fully considered in the matching of sorghum parental lines.

Key words: sorghum, SSR, genetic distance, heterosis

王瑞，王金胜，张福耀，程庆军，田承华，凌亮. 1970s—2000s中国高粱杂交种亲本遗传距离演变的SSR分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(3): 415-425.

WANG Rui, WANG Jin-sheng, ZHANG Fu-yao, CHENG Qing-jun, TIAN Cheng-hua, LING Liang. Evolution of Genetic Distance Between Parental Lines of Chinese Sorghum Hybrids from1970s-2000s Based on SSR Analysis[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(3): 415-425.

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