不同放牧强度下温性草甸草原土壤生物性状及与地上植被的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.23.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】土壤微生物数量和酶活性是土壤质量和生态系统功能变化的敏感指标，是判别干扰条件下土壤生态系统退化的重要生物学指标。研究不同放牧强度下温性草甸草原土壤生物性状及其与地上植被的关系，以了解放牧作用下草原土壤与植被退化的过程和机制，为退化草地生态恢复提供理论依据。【方法】以呼伦贝尔草甸草原肉牛控制放牧试验为平台，分析4种不同放牧强度（对照区G_0.00：0.00 Au·hm^-2、轻度放牧G_0.23：0.23 Au·hm^-2、中度放牧G_0.46：0.46 Au·hm^-2、重度放牧G_0.92：0.92 Au·hm^-2）下温性草甸草原地上植被、土壤微生物生理群数量以及土壤酶活的特性，并探讨土壤生物性状与地上植被指数的相关性。【结果】氨化细菌、好气性纤维素分解菌、嫌气性纤维素分解菌的最高值出现在轻度放牧G_0.23处理，好气性固氮菌、嫌气性固氮菌在中度放牧G_0.46处理最多。随着放牧强度的增加，除过氧化氢酶外，碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶均随放牧压力的增加显著降低（P＜0.05），植被盖度、群落生物量、植被多样性指数明显下降。各土壤微生物数量（除硝化细菌外）与地上植被物种丰富度、植被盖度、群落多样性指数、生物量均成正相关；碱性磷酸酶和脲酶均与植被盖度、群落多样性指数、群落生物量显著正相关（P＜0.05）。【结论】不同放牧强度下温性草甸草原土壤生物性状出现了不同程度的变化，土壤酶活性比微生物生理群数量更能表征土壤生态系统当前所处状态，其同地上植被指数有更好的相关性。

关键词: 放牧, 地上植被, 土壤微生物生理群, 土壤酶

Abstract: 【Objective】The number of the soil microorganisms and soil enzyme are sensitive indexes for soil quality and ecosystem functional changes, it’s an important biological indicator for evaluating soil ecosystem degradation under interference conditions. This study focused on relationship between soil’s biological properties and aboveground vegetation under different grazing intensities, which explained the soil and plant degradation process and mechanism under grazing, thus giving a theoretical basis for ecological restoration of degraded grassland.【Method】 Based on the cattle grazing control experiment carried out in the temperate meadow steppe in the Hulunbeir Grassland, the number of soil microorganisms and soil enzymes activity changes under four different grazing intensities (control area G_0.00: 0.00 Au·hm^-2, light grazing G_0.23: 0.23 Au·hm^-2, moderate grazing G_0.46: 0.46 Au·hm^-2 and heavy grazing G_0.92: 0.92 Au·hm^-2) were monitored, and the relationship between soil’s biological properties and aboveground vegetation indexes was analyzed. 【Result】The maximum number of ammonifying bacteria, oligotrophic azotobacter microorganisms, oligotrophic cellulolytic microorganisms appeared in the treatment of light grazing G_0.23; the maximum number of aerobe azotobacter, oligotrophic azotobacter appeared in the treatment of moderate grazing G_0.46. Except for catalase, the activities of alkaline phosphatase, urease and invertase decreased significantly as grazing intensity increased (P＜0.05) . The tendency of vegetation coverage, biomass and vegetation diversity indexes obviously decreased with the increase of grazing gradient. The soil bacterial physiological functional groups (except Nitrifying bacteria) were positively correlated with the species richness of aboveground vegetation, vegetation coverage, community diversity indexes and biomass; the soil alkaline phosphatase and urease activities showed a significant positive correlation with vegetation coverage, community diversity indexes and biomass(P＜0.05).【Conclusion】The temperate meadow steppe soil’s biological properties showed different degrees of change under different grazing intensities, soil enzyme activities represented the current state of soil ecological system better than the microorganism community, and it had a better correlation with aboveground vegetation indexes.

Key words: grazing, above-ground vegetation, soil bacterial physiological functional groups, soil enzyme

谭红妍，闫瑞瑞，闫玉春，陈宝瑞，辛晓平. 不同放牧强度下温性草甸草原土壤生物性状及与地上植被的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(23): 4658-4667.

TAN Hong-yan, YAN Rui-rui, YAN Yu-chun, CHEN Bao-rui, XIN Xiao-ping. The Relationship Between Temperate Meadow Steppe Soil’s Biological Properties and Aboveground Vegetation Under Different Grazing Intensities[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(23): 4658-4667.

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