羊草克隆后代对刈割处理的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.11.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【背景】母体放牧历史可以改变羊草（Leymus chinensis）克隆后代的形态及光合生理性状,也可以改变其对干旱环境的响应,但是母体放牧历史是否影响了羊草克隆后代对家畜啃食的响应尚不清楚。【目的】研究母体放牧历史是否增强了羊草克隆后代对模拟家畜啃食（刈割）的适应性。【方法】利用不同放牧历史的羊草克隆后代（1983年围封 VS 长期自由放牧）进行室内盆栽试验,从个体性状、子株数、生物量及生物量分配等角度对比了其对模拟放牧处理（刈割）的响应。【结果】（1）母体放牧历史与刈割处理对羊草单株株高、单株生物量交互作用极显著,放牧羊草克隆后代（GZ）单株株高、单株生物量对刈割处理的抵抗力较围封羊草克隆后代（NG）强;但是,母体放牧历史并没有明显改变羊草克隆后代子株数对刈割处理的响应。（2）母体放牧历史与刈割处理对羊草根茎生物量交互作用显著,对地上、根系及总生物量交互作用不显著,但是NG地上、根系及总生物量在刈割处理下的表型可塑性指数及绝对减少量均明显大于GZ。因此,母体放牧经历增强了羊草克隆后代对刈割处理的适应性。（3）NG在刈割处理下被刈割掉的地上部分生物量显著小于GZ,但是NG的被刈割程度（被刈割生物量/总生物量）显著高于GZ。（4）GZ生物量分配对刈割处理响应不显著,但是刈割处理显著降低了NG的根茎生物量分配。【结论】羊草母体经历放牧干扰后,其克隆后代对家畜啃食的适应性增强;母体放牧历史并不通过改变生物量分配增强羊草克隆后代的适牧性,叶片光合生理的响应及避牧性可能是母体放牧历史增强羊草克隆后代的途径。本研究通过控制试验排除土壤等环境因子的干扰,从植物自身角度出发,研究其克隆后代表型性状对放牧的响应,这对充分认识草原生态系统放牧退化过程及退化修复过程提供了新的视角。

关键词: 放牧历史, 羊草, 克隆后代, 家畜啃食, 适应性

Abstract:

【Background】 Grazing could alter the morphological and photosynthetic physiological characters of the Leymus chinensis cloned offspring, but whether grazing influence the adaptability of that to grazing is unclear. 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate whether grazing history enhanced the adaptability of Leymus chinensis cloned offspring to livestock grazing.【Method】 The Leymus chinensis cloned offspring with different grazing histories (enclosed in 1983 VS long-term free grazing) were used to conduct pot experiment in the greenhouse, and their adaptability to simulated livestock grazing (clipping) was compared in terms of individual traits, ramet number, biomass, and biomass allocation. 【Result】 (1) There was a significant interact effect between maternal grazing history and clipping treatment. The individual height and biomass of grazing (GZ) were more resistant to clipping treatment than that of nograzing (NG), while the response of ramet number to clip was not influenced by maternal grazing history. (2) Grazing history altered the responses of aboveground, root, rhizome and total biomass to the clipping treatment. There was significant interaction between grazing history and mowing treatment in terms of the rhizome biomass, while the interaction on other three indicators were not significant. However, the other three indicators of NG had the larger plasticity index and absolute reduction to clipping treatment. Therefore, the maternal grazing experience enhanced the adaptability of L. chinensis cloned offspring to clipping treatment. (3) The cutting biomass of NG was significantly lower than that of GZ, but the cutting degree of NG was significantly higher than that of GZ.(4) The responses of GZ biomass allocation to clipping treatment were not significant, while rhizome biomass allocation of NG significantly decreased under clipping treatment. 【Conclusion】 The grazing disturbance could enhance the adaption of Leymus chinensis cloned offspring to grazing. The maternal grazing history did not enhance the adaptability of L. chinensis cloned offspring to livestock grazing by altering biomass allocation. The response of leaf photosynthetic physiology and grazing avoidance might be the reasons for the enhancement of grazing fitness. In this study, the environmental disturbance factors, such as soil factors, were excluded through control experiments, and the response of L. chinensis cloned offspring traits to grazing was studied from the perspective of the plant itself. Thus, this study provided a new perspective for fully understanding the process of grazing degradation in grassland ecosystem.

Key words: grazing history, Leymus chinensis, cloned offspring, livestock foraging, adaptation

郭丰辉,丁勇,纪磊,李贤松,李西良,侯向阳. 羊草克隆后代对刈割处理的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(11): 2257-2264.

GUO FengHui,DING Yong,JI Lei,LI XianSong,LI XiLiang,HOU XiangYang. The Response of Leymus chinensis Cloned Offspring to Mowing[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(11): 2257-2264.

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