硒减轻油菜幼苗硼毒害机理的研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.11.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】硼是植物生长发育所必需的微量元素，但在土壤中过量存在会对植物产生毒害。在干旱半干旱地区硼毒害是限制作物生长的重要因子，此外，硼矿开采以及硼肥用量过大或施用不均匀均会导致硼浓度过高，从而限制作物生长。适量硒能提高作物抗性，减轻作物因逆境产生的伤害，本文旨在通过适量硒处理，研究硒对高硼条件下油菜生物量及油菜活性氧代谢的变化，探讨硒缓解高硼对油菜生长抑制作用的机理，进而提高作物对硼的适宜范围，减轻硼毒害对农业生产的危害。【方法】本文以油菜（湘农油571）为试验材料,设置硼和硒2因素2水平（硼水平为：50、500 μmol•L-1，分别用B50、B500表示，硒水平为：0、1 μmol•L-1，分别用Se0、Se1表示）完全随机试验，共4个处理，通过苗期溶液培养，研究硒对高硼（500 µmol•L-1）胁迫条件下油菜幼苗生长、硼吸收累积和抗氧化酶及非酶系统的影响。【结果】高硼胁迫条件下油菜幼苗地上部和地下部干物质重显著降低，与正常硼（50 μmol•L-1）处理相比分别降低20.1%和32.0%；硼含量和累积量显著增加，与正常硼处理相比分别增加2.95和2.97倍；油菜幼苗因硼毒害导致叶片内抗氧化酶（过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX））活性和非酶抗氧化物（谷胱甘肽（GSH））含量显著降低，与正常硼处理相比，CAT、POD和APX活性分别降低19.7%、11.0%和15.0%；而过氧化氢（H2O2）和丙二醛（MDA）含量显著增加，比正常硼处理分别增加19.0%和18.5%。高硼条件下，经1 μmol?L-1硒处理，与无硒处理相比，地上部和地下部干物质重分别增加22.8%和28.6%，硼含量和累积量分别降低38.6%和31.9%；油菜幼苗叶片内抗氧化酶活性和非酶抗氧化物含量显著增加，CAT、POD和APX活性分别增加12.8%、15.1%和15.3%，GSH和ASA含量分别增加9.7%和21.0%；而过氧化氢和丙二醛含量分别降低25.1%和21.2%。【结论】适量硒可降低高硼胁迫下油菜幼苗硼的吸收累积，增强抗氧化酶和非酶系统抗氧化作用，降低活性氧累积，减轻细胞质膜因过氧化作用而产生的损伤，从而显著减轻过量硼对油菜生长的影响，提高油菜幼苗对硼过量的适应性。

关键词: 油菜 , 硒 , 硼 , 活性氧

Abstract: 【Objective】 Boron (B) is an essential trace element for plant growth, however, excessive boron in soil may exert toxic effects on plants. In boron-deficiency soil, excessive use or uneven application of boron can easily lead to boron toxicity, if such levels of boron are accompanied by excessive salinity, the consequences can be drastic for plants. Boron toxicity is a significant constraint to cereal production in regions worldwide, including parts of southern Australia. Raising the suitable boron range of crops and reduce the toxicity of excessive boron are technical problems to be solved for agricultural production. An appropriate amount of selenium can improve crop resistance. This paper aims to investigate the effect of appropriate amount of selenium on rapeseed biomass and active oxygen metabolism under the condition of excessive boron, and explain the alleviation mechanism of selenium on boron inhabitation of rape growth. 【Method】In the present study, solution culture experiments were carried out using rape seedlings (Brassica napus L. cv. Xiangnongyou 571) as the test material. The interactive effects of boron and selenium especially with a purpose to test whether selenium application is effective in countering the boron toxicity were tested. Boron fertilizer was applied at two levels (50, 500 µmol?L-1), selenium fertilizer was applied at two levels (0, 1 µmol?L-1). The effects of these treatments on rape seedling growth, boron uptake and accumulation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant, stress injury, oxidative damage along with defense mechanisms under boron (500 µmol?L-1) stress were assessed. 【Result】 Whilst boron application alone at 50 µmol?L-1 level was beneficial for the growth, treatment with boron severely inhibited the growth at 500 µmol?L-1 level. Under boron stress conditions, the dry weight of rapeseed seedling shoots and roots decreased significantly, rape seedling shoots and roots dry weight severely decreased by 20.1% and 32.0%, respectively, over 50 µmol?L-1 boron, and a lot of boron took up and accumulated over normal boron concentration (50 µmol?L-1). The enzymatic activity of scavenging reactive oxygen species, including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in rape seedling leaves decreased, CAT, POD and APX activity decreased by 19.7%, 11.0% and 15.0%, respectively, compared to normal boron concentration, and the endogenous reactive oxygen substances (glutathione (GSH)) in leaves were significantly reduced, while hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly by 19.0% and 18.5% over 50 µmol?L-1 boron treatment. The boron-treated (500 µmol?L-1) plants supplemented with 1 µmol?L-1 selenium showed increased shoot and root dry weight, it significantly improved by 22.8% and 28.6% over boron-treated (500 µmol?L-1) plants, respectively, it also indicated that an antagonistic interaction between the two elements. Selenium at 1 µmol?L-1 concentration significantly affected the boron uptake and accumulation, it decreased boron content and accumulation in shoot by 38.6% and 31.9% respectively, over 500 µmol?L-1 boron treatment. Oxidative damage due to boron was lowered, which could be related to the reduction of active oxygen metabolism enzyme and endogenous scavengers in seedling leaves caused by boron toxicity were significantly alleviated. The boron-treated (500 µmol?L-1) plants supplemented with 1 µmol?L-1 selenium showed improved CAT, POD and APX activities, they increased by 12.8%, 15.1% and 15.3%, respectively, GSH and ASA contents increased by 9.7% and 21.0% over 500 µmol?L-1 boron treatment, while the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and the increase of membrane lipid product malondialdehyde were effectively reduced, selenium application at 1µmol?L-1 to boron treated (500 µmol?L-1) plants, H2O2 and MDA content decreased by 25.1% and 22.1% over 500 µmol?L-1 boron treatment, respectively. 【Conclusion】 It was suggested that an appropriate amount of selenium can increase reactive oxygen metabolism of rapeseed and reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen, thereby significantly decreasing the impact of excessive boron on rapeseed growth and improving the adaptability of rape seedlings to excessive boron.

Key words: rape , selenium , boron , reactive oxygen species

段碧辉, 刘新伟, 矫威, 赵竹青, 胡承孝. 硒减轻油菜幼苗硼毒害机理的研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(11): 2126-2134.

DUAN Bi-Hui, LIU Xin-Wei, JIAO Wei, ZHAO Zhu-Qing, HU Cheng-Xiao. Alleviation of Boron Toxicity on Rape Seedlings by Selenium[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(11): 2126-2134.

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