北方冬油菜抗寒性的形态与生理机制

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.03.005

中国农业科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 452-461.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.03.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

北方冬油菜抗寒性的形态与生理机制

杨宁宁1, 3, 孙万仓2, 3, 刘自刚1, 2, 3, 史鹏辉1, 3, 方彦1, 2, 3, 武军艳2, 3, 曾秀存1, 3, 孔德晶1, 3, 鲁美宏1, 3, 王月1, 3

1、甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室，兰州 730070；
2、甘肃省油菜工程技术研究中心，兰州 730070；
3、甘肃农业大学农学院，兰州 730070

收稿日期:2013-07-28 出版日期:2014-02-01 发布日期:2013-10-28
通讯作者: 孙万仓，Tel：0931-7673007；E-mail：18293121851@163.com
作者简介:杨宁宁，Tel：18298404232；E-mail：582298385@qq.com
基金资助:
国家高技术研究发展计划（“863”计划）（2011AA10A104）、国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（200903002-04）、国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-13）、甘肃省科技重大专项（1203NKDF0018）

Morphological Characters and Physiological Mechanisms of Cold Resistance of Winter Rapeseed in Northern China

YANG Ning-Ning-1, 3 , SUN Wan-Cang-2, 3 , LIU Zi-Gang-1, 2 , 3 , SHI Peng-Hui-1, 3 , FANG Yan-1, 2 , 3 , WU Jun-Yan-2, 3 , ZENG Xiu-Cun-1, 3 , KONG De-Jing-1, 3 , LU Mei-Hong-1, 3 , WANG Yue-1, 3

1、Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science in Gansu Province/Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070;
2、Gansu Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou 730070;
3、College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070

Received:2013-07-28 Online:2014-02-01 Published:2013-10-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】低温是影响中国北方冬油菜生长的重要因素之一，冬油菜抗寒机制研究至关重要。从形态、生理、解剖等水平对冬油菜抗寒特性进行研究，探讨各相关指标与冬油菜抗寒性之间的关系，筛选可靠的抗寒鉴定指标，建立冬油菜抗寒性评价数学模型，为中国北方冬油菜抗寒种质筛选及品种抗寒性鉴定提供依据。【方法】对7个不同抗寒性代表性冬油菜品种幼苗进行低温处理，观察其生长习性和叶片解剖特征，测定叶片的生理生化指标、根颈直径及根部干重，采用主成分分析、回归分析、聚类分析和通径分析等方法，对抗寒性进行分析并建立抗寒性评价模型。【结果】研究结果表明，冬油菜低温半致死温度（LT50）与越冬率、5—0℃的POD活性变化、0—-5℃的CAT活性变化、10—5℃的游离脯氨酸变化量（X1）、5—0℃的可溶性蛋白变化量（X2）、生长习性（X5）、根颈直径及地下部干重（X6）呈显著负相关，与0—-5℃的POD变化量、栅海比（X3）、栅栏组织厚度、叶片厚度和气孔面积（X4）呈显著正相关。【结论】主成分分析得到7个品种抗寒性排序与田间越冬率一致；以回归分析筛选出6个指标建立冬油菜抗寒性评价数学模型：Y=-7.58-0.018X1-0.542X2+3.903X3-0.002X4+0.195X5-0.066X6，（R2=1.000）；聚类分析将7个品种按抗寒性强弱分为5类，抗寒性强的类型中冬油菜苗期表现匍匐生长，栅海比小，气孔面积小，地下部干重大，Pro活性和SP含量随温度降低增加量大，与之前所做抗寒性排序一致，通径分析表明可溶性蛋白的含量变化是影响冬油菜抗寒性的直接因素。

关键词: 冬油菜 , 抗寒性 , 形态特征 , 生理特征 , 解剖结构 , 评价

Abstract: 【Objective】Low temperature is one of the important factors affecting the growth of the northern winter rapeseed, so it is very essential to study the mechanism of the cold resistance of winter rapeseed. The aim of the paper was to study the cold resistance of winter rapeseed by morphological characters, physiological and anatomical characteristics, then evaluate an relationship between the indexes and cold resistance, select reliable index of the cold resistance of winter rapeseed and establish an evaluation model for cold resistance, which will provide a basis for germplasm discovery and identification of cold resistance in Northern China.【Method】Seven different cold resistant winter rapeseeds were treated under low temperature at 8-leaf stage, the growth habits and leaf anatomical characteristics were observed and the physiologic index, biochemical index, root diameter and root dry weight were determined. The cold resistance of these winter rapeseeds was analyzed and a evaluation model was built by main component analysis, regression analysis, cluster analysis and path analysis. 【Result】A negative correlation was presented between LT50 and wintering rate, POD activity at 5℃ to 0℃, CAT activity at 0℃ to -5℃, free proline content at 10℃ to 5℃ (X1), soluble protein content at 5℃ to 0℃ (X2), growth habits (X5), root diameter and underground dry matter (X6). A positive correlation was presented between LT50 and POD activity at 0℃ to -5℃, ratio of palisade tissue against spongy tissue (X3), thickness of palisade tissue, thickness of leaf, stomatal area (X4). 【Conclusion】The cold resistance order of 7 cultivars by principal component analysis was the same as the wintering rate. Six indexes were chosen by regression analysis to build mathematical evaluation model, i.e., Y=-7.58-0.018X1- 0.542X2+3.903 X3-0.002 X4+0.195X5-0.066X6, (R2=1.000). The materials were divided into five clases by cluster analysis, and for the winter rapeseed classification of strong cold resistance, it showed creeping growth, small ratio of palisade tissue against spongy tissue, small stomatal area, large dry weight of root, large increase of POD activity and SP content when it is cold. The result is consistent with the sort. The path analysis result indicates that soluble protein content is the direct factor for the cold resistance of winter rapeseed.

Key words: winter rapeseed , cold resistance , morphological characteristics , physiological characteristics , anatomical structure , evaluation

杨宁宁1, 3, 孙万仓2, 3, 刘自刚1, 2, 3, 史鹏辉1, 3, 方彦1, 2, 3, 武军艳2, 3, 曾秀存1, 3, 孔德晶1, 3, 鲁美宏1, 3, 王月1, 3. 北方冬油菜抗寒性的形态与生理机制[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(3): 452-461.

YANG Ning-Ning-1, 3 , SUN Wan-Cang-2, 3 , LIU Zi-Gang-1, 2 , 3 , SHI Peng-Hui-1, 3 , FANG Yan-1, 2 , 3 , WU Jun-Yan-2, 3 , ZENG Xiu-Cun-1, 3 , KONG De-Jing-1, 3 , LU Mei-Hong-1, 3 , WANG Yue-1, 3 . Morphological Characters and Physiological Mechanisms of Cold Resistance of Winter Rapeseed in Northern China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(3): 452-461.

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北方冬油菜抗寒性的形态与生理机制

Morphological Characters and Physiological Mechanisms of Cold Resistance of Winter Rapeseed in Northern China

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