套作糯玉米对连作菜田土壤特性及产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.10.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】分析套作糯玉米及其秸秆还田种植模式下土壤特性的变化规律和蔬菜产量的差异，明确套作模式及秸秆还田避免发生连作障碍的效果。【方法】以西兰花、青刀豆和糯玉米为研究材料，设置青刀豆套作糯玉米且糯玉米秸秆还田-西兰花、青刀豆套作糯玉米且糯玉米秸秆不还田-西兰花、青刀豆-西兰花，共3个处理，分别测定土壤有机质含量、铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、脲酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性以及收获期各类作物产量。【结果】2010年、2011年的秋季西兰花产量表现为套作还田处理＞套作不还田处理＞连作处理。套作处理及玉米秸秆还田处理通过合理协调利用养分，提高了土壤有机质含量；玉米蔬菜套作种植降低了土壤无机氮浓度，提高了无机氮利用效率；套作处理和套作还田处理改善了土壤环境，提高了土壤脲酶活性；蔬菜连作种植由于根系分泌物的刺激使土壤多酚氧化酶升高，同时土壤自毒物质的积累导致过氧化氢酶活性升高，降低了土壤中的毒性。【结论】套作及秸秆还田能够有效地提高作物产量，在一定程度上改善土壤环境，提高有机质含量及脲酶活性，提高作物对无机氮的吸收利用，使多酚氧化酶及过氧化氢酶活性维持在适宜的水平。

关键词: 连作菜田 , 套作 , 秸秆还田 , 产量 , 土壤特性

Abstract: 【Objective】The effects of soil properties and vegetable yield under different intercropping pattern treatments of waxy maize and maize straw returning were studied. Continuous cropping was used as a contrast. The aim was to supply academic base for solving continuous cropping obstacle and summer fallow problems in vegetable field. 【Method】 Broccoli, green sword bean and waxy maize were used as materials, and three treatments were set up. There were relay-intercropping mode of green sword bean and waxy maize, relay-intercropping mode of green sword bean and waxy maize with waxy maize straw returning, broccoli, green sword bean continuous cropping. The soil samples were used for chemical analysis after natural drying. Soil organic matter content, soil NH4+-N content, soil NO3--N content, the activity of urease, the activity of soil polyphenol oxidase and the activity of soil catalase were analyzed. At harvest period, the yields of broccoli, green sword bean and waxy maize were determined. 【Result】In the year 2010, the autumn vegetable yield of the relay-intercropping treatment was the highest, the autumn vegetable yield of the continuous cropping was the lowest. The principle was in agreement with the autumn vegetable yield of 2011. The results showed that soil organic matter content and soil urease activity were significantly increased under relay intercropping treatments and waxy maize straw returning treatment by using nutrients reasonably, compared with the vegetable continuous cropping. Intercropping or relay cropping decreased the inorganic nitrogen concentration, and increased the inorganic N utilizing rate in vegetable fields compared with sole cropping. Relay intercropping and waxy maize straw returning mode promoted microorganism propagation and made the soil urease activity at the high level. Vegetable continuous cropping caused soil nutrient over consumption and decreased the activity of urease. As more toxic substances from the root was released to the soil, this phenomenon made that the activity of soil polyphenol oxidase and catalase in vegetable continuous cropping fields were higher than that in other treatments, the increasing of the CAT activity will reduce the toxicity of the soil.【Conclusion】The results of the experiment indicated that crop yield increased effectively under relay-intercropping and straw returning. At the same time, relay-intercropping improved soil environment, organic matter content and urease activity increased, and the activity of soil polyphenol oxidase and catalase remained at an appropriate level.

Key words: continuous vegetable field , relay-intercropping , straw returning , vegetable yield , soil prosperities

张洁莹, 宁堂原, 冯宇鹏, 张学鹏, 孙涛, 李增嘉. 套作糯玉米对连作菜田土壤特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(10): 1994-2003.

ZHANG Jie-Ying, NING Tang-Yuan, FENG Yu-Peng, ZHANG Xue-Peng, SUN Tao, LI Zeng-Jia. Effects of Intercropping with Waxy Maize on Crop Yield and Soil Properties of the Continuous Vegetable Field[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(10): 1994-2003.

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