缓释氮肥与普通尿素配施提高冬小麦-夏玉米施肥效果的研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.07.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探求冬小麦-夏玉米轮作高产体系高效简化的施肥技术。【方法】通过两年定位试验，采用冬小麦-夏玉米轮作一年两熟高产（22 500 kg•hm-2）生产的土壤条件及栽培管理措施，分别以不施氮肥（CK）和普通尿素施一次基肥和三次追肥（简称一基三追）常规施肥模式（CK1）为对照，研究一次基肥和一次追肥（简称一基一追）施肥模式下缓释尿素和普通尿素不同配比模式对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系产量、地上部氮素积累量、氮肥利用效率、土壤无机氮动态等指标的影响。【结果】两年试验表明，在冬小麦季，与CK1相比，100%缓释尿素处理（T1）在产量、地上部氮素积累量、氮肥利用率方面与前者无显著差异，80%-20%缓释-普通尿素组合、60%-40%缓释-普通尿素组合处理（T2、T3）上述各项指标显著低于CK1；夏玉米季，各缓释尿素处理在产量、地上部氮素积累量、氮肥利用率方面均不低于CK1，表现出较好的施肥效应，其中T2处理两年产量、地上部氮素积累量、氮肥利用率均达最高。与CK1相比，在冬小麦季，T1在灌浆后具有相对较高的无机氮水平；在夏玉米季，T2在吐丝后15 d具有相对较高的无机氮水平，且在吐丝期土壤无机氮水平亦高于其它缓释尿素处理。【结论】本试验条件下，冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系采用T1、T2处理一基一追模式的产量、地上部氮素积累量、氮肥利用率均高于CK1，总产量均超过22 500 kg•hm-2，实现了高产高效简化的施肥目标。

关键词: 冬小麦-夏玉米轮作 , 缓释尿素 , 一基一追模式 , 氮素吸收 , 土壤供氮

Abstract: 【Objective】 The efficient and simplified fertilization technology for crop rotation of winter wheat and summer maize high yield system was studied. 【Method】 Based on the soil conditions and cultivation management measures in field, in which grain yields of winter wheat and summer maize were up to 22 500 kg•hm-2 in one year, effect of slow release nitrogen combined with conventional urea application in one base and one topdressing mode on yield, above-ground portion nitrogen accumulation rate, nitrogen use efficiency and soil inorganic nitrogen dynamic indexes in winter wheat and summer maize rotation cycle in two years location test were studied, and compared with no nitrogen fertilizer (CK) and conventional urea application in one base and three topdressing mode (CK1).【Result】The results of two years experiments showed that there were no significant influence on yield, above-ground portion nitrogen accumulation rate, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen agronomic efficiency in treatment of 100% slow release urea (T1), however, it provided higher nitrogen level in winter wheat at the jointing and after filling stage, compared with CK1. Meanwhile, yield, above-ground portion nitrogen accumulation rate, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen agronomic efficiency in treatments of 80%-20% slow release-conventional urea combination (T2) and 60%-40% slow release-conventional urea combination (T3) were higher than CK1. In summer maize, yield, above-ground portion nitrogen accumulation rate, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen agronomic efficiency in treatments T1, T2 and T3 were higher than CK1, with the highest in the treatment T2. Inorganic nitrogen concentrations of winter wheat in treatment T1 was higher than CK1 at the after filling stage. In summer maize, inorganic nitrogen concentrations in treatment T2 was also higher than other treatments at the silking stage.【Conclusion】In this experiment, yield, above-ground portion nitrogen accumulation rate, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of 80%-20% slow release-conventional urea combination and 100% slow release urea were higher than CK1, and yields of winter wheat and summer maize in the two treatments were up to 22 500 kg•hm-2, it realized the target of high yield and high efficiency and simplified fertilization in one base and one topdressing mode under winter wheat and summer maize rotation system.

Key words: winter wheat-summer maize rotation , slow release urea , yield , uptake and use of nitrogen , soil mineral nitrogen

司贤宗, 韩燕来, 王宜伦, 刘蒙蒙, 谭金芳. 缓释氮肥与普通尿素配施提高冬小麦-夏玉米施肥效果的研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(7): 1390-1398.

SI Xian-Zong, HAN Yan-Lai, WANG Yi-Lun, LIU Meng-Meng, TAN Jin-Fang. Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Combined Use of Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer with Urea for High Yielding Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(7): 1390-1398.

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