密度对玉米产量（＞15 000 kg•hm-2）及其产量构成因子的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.16.025

中国农业科学 ›› 2012, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (16): 3437-3445.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.16.025

密度对玉米产量（＞15 000 kg•hm-2）及其产量构成因子的影响

王楷, 王克如, 王永宏, 赵健, 赵如浪, 王喜梅, 李健, 梁明晰, 李少昆

1.石河子大学农学院/绿洲生态农业重点实验室，新疆石河子 832003
2.中国农业科学院作物研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室，北京 100081
3.宁夏农林科学院作物所，银川750002

收稿日期:2012-03-12 出版日期:2012-08-15 发布日期:2012-06-21
通讯作者: 通信作者李少昆，Tel：010-82108891；E-mail：lishk@mail.caas.net.cn
作者简介:王楷，Tel：0351-4160320；E-mail：wk258804873@sina.com
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划（2011BAD16B14）、国家自然科学基金项目（31071371）

Effects of Density on Maize Yield and Yield Components

WANG Kai, WANG Ke-Ru, WANG Yong-Hong, ZHAO Jian, ZHAO Ru-Lang, WANG Xi-Mei, LI Jian, LIANG Ming-Xi, LI Shao-Kun

1.石河子大学农学院/绿洲生态农业重点实验室，新疆石河子 832003
2.中国农业科学院作物研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室，北京 100081
3.宁夏农林科学院作物所，银川750002

Received:2012-03-12 Online:2012-08-15 Published:2012-06-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究密度对高产玉米（＞15 000 kg•hm-2）产量及其构成因子的影响，揭示高产玉米产量形成机制，为玉米持续稳定高产提供依据。【方法】连续两年在新疆和宁夏高产玉米区，以郑单958为试材，以1.5万株/hm2为一个密度梯度，设置从1.5万株/hm2至18万株/hm2不同密度处理，充分满足水肥需求，进行高产栽培实践，在实现高产基础之上分析其产量及产量构成因子特征。【结果】两年多点共68个处理，最低和最高单产分别为7 675.5和20 503.5 kg•hm-2，其中有47个处理达到15 000 kg•hm-2以上的产量；对产量构成特征的分析表明，要达到15 000 kg•hm-2以上的高产，最低、最高密度分别为5.25万株/hm2和16.28万株/hm2；最低、最高收获穗数分别为6.66万穗/hm2和13.84万穗/hm2；最低、最高穗粒数分别为365和657粒；最低、最高千粒重分别为237和404 g。【结论】密度与单产呈抛物线关系，以10.5万株/hm2密度处理单产最高；随着产量的提高，种植密度、单位面积穗数、穗粒数和千粒重表现出最适值范围变窄的趋势。随种植密度增加，单位面积穗数呈增加趋势，穗粒数和千粒重呈下降趋势，而单位面积粒数呈增加并趋于不变趋势。

关键词: 玉米, 密度, 穗数, 穗粒数, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】Field experiments were conducted to study the influence of density on maize yield (＞15 000 kg?hm-2) and yield components in order to exploring the formation mechanism of high-yield so as to provide a basis for stable high-yield maize.【Method】 The experiments were carried out in high-yield maize areas of Xinjiang and Ningxia regions. Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) was planted at different densities from 15 000 plants/hm2 to 180 000 plants/hm2 by making 15 000 plants/hm2 as a density gradient with fully satisfy fertilizer and water demand. High-yield cultivation was practiced, and then the yield and yield component, characteristics were analyzed based on the high-yield (＞15 000 kg?hm-2) .【Result】The 68 different density level plots were all at mutil-sites across two years, the highest and lowest yields were between 7 675.5 kg?hm-2 and 20 503.5 kg?hm-2, respectively. Yields of the 47 plots achieved the high yield of above 15 000 kg?hm-2. Plots with at the highest and lowest densities (52 500 plants/hm2 and 162 800 plants?hm-2) achieved the high yield of 15 000 plants/hm2. The highest and lowest number of ears was 66 600 ears/hm2 and 138 400 ears/hm2, respectively. The highest and lowest grains per ear were 365 and 657, respectively. The highest and lowest 1 000-seed-weight was 273 g and 404 g, respectively.【Conclusion】The parabolic relationship between density and yield was found, and the highest yield appeared at the density of 105 000 plants/hm2. With the increase of production, the optimal range of planting density, ear number, grains per ear and 1000-seed-weight were narrowed. With the increase of planting density, grains per ear and 1 000-seed-weight declined; ears number and grains/hm2 increased, but grains/hm2 increased slightly when density reached a certain level.

Key words: maize, density, ear numbers, kernels of ear, yield

王楷, 王克如, 王永宏, 赵健, 赵如浪, 王喜梅, 李健, 梁明晰, 李少昆. 密度对玉米产量（＞15 000 kg•hm-2）及其产量构成因子的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(16): 3437-3445.

WANG Kai, WANG Ke-Ru, WANG Yong-Hong, ZHAO Jian, ZHAO Ru-Lang, WANG Xi-Mei, LI Jian, LIANG Ming-Xi, LI Shao-Kun. Effects of Density on Maize Yield and Yield Components[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(16): 3437-3445.

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密度对玉米产量（＞15 000 kg•hm-2）及其产量构成因子的影响

Effects of Density on Maize Yield and Yield Components

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