水、旱稻产量相关性状的水分生态效应分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.18.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探析水、旱稻产量及其相关性状的水分生态效应，研究其产量性状的水分生态特性，为节水抗旱稻遗传育种提供理论参考。【方法】以155份水、旱稻材料在水种、无覆盖旱种及旱地膜覆盖种植等不同水分条件下的产量相关性状表现为依据，通过多元分析系统解析单株产量等10个性状的水分生态效应。【结果】在不同水分条件下，水、旱稻供试材料在性状之间、材料与性状之间及材料之间具有明显的水分生态效应差异，相关性状对单株产量（GYP）的影响方式及互作关系差异明显，材料与性状的对应关系也不同。在不同水分条件下，单株产量与9个产量相关性状间存在极显著的线性关系。千粒重（KGW）、有效穗数（PPP）和穗实粒数（FGP）是影响单株产量的共同因素，当水分条件发生变化时，将有1－3个其它相关性状对单株产量产生显著或极显著影响。穗实粒数和有效穗数对单株产量具有较大的决定作用，其次为穗总粒数（SP）和千粒重，其它性状的决定作用相对较小。在不同水分条件下，不同性状对单株产量的直接和间接作用大小存在显著差异，其影响机制有所不同。穗实粒数和有效穗数对单株产量具有较大的正向直接作用，穗总粒数为较大的正向间接作用，其它性状对单株产量的间接作用主要通过前三者产生。当水分胁迫程度增强时，千粒重对单株产量的影响作用逐渐增强，与其它相关性状间的互作关系变得复杂和多元化。而水分增多时，有效穗数的增产作用则凸显出来，千粒重对单株产量的贡献则相对降低，与其它性状的互作关系趋向简化，体现了水稻在不同水分生态条件下产量的自适应调节机制。在水分递减情况下，水稻的产量性状特征先由穗大粒多兼顾大粒向大穗大粒、多蘖多穗高结实率2个向量方向分化，最后趋向于以多穗获得产量。因此，针对节水抗旱稻培育，其育种选择性状指标应与水稻有所区别，不同的水分条件下高产技术策略应有所不同。【结论】水、旱稻的产量结构性状在不同水分生态条件下存在一种自适应调节机制，其育种选择指标应各有所侧重。节水抗旱稻产量育种应注重分蘖成穗能力和结实性的选择与提高。

关键词: 水稻, 旱稻, 生物节水, 水分生态效应, 多元统计分析

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to investigate the ecological effects of soil moisture levels on grain yield and yield-related traits of paddy rice and aerobic rice, and study the variations of responses of grain-related traits to soil moisture conditions, aiming to provide theoretical basis for breeding water-saving and drought-tolerant rice. 【Method】 The yield-related phenotypes of 155 germplasm of paddy rice and aerobic rice were observed under three kinds of soil water conditions, including submerged cultivation (SC), dry cultivation without mulching (DCM), and cultivation mulching with plastic film (CMPF). With the data of yield-related traits collected from rice cultivated under different conditions, the ecological effects of soil moisture on ten traits were analyzed by multivariate analysis. 【Result】 The results showed that the ecological effects of soil moisture on varieties and traits as well as relationship between various traits and varieties were significantly different under different cultivation conditions. Furthermore, the yield-related traits had various effects on grain yield per plant (GYP), and the effect of same trait varied among varieties. There is a remarkable linear relation between GYP and other nine traits under different soil water conditions. 1000-grain weight (KGW), productive panicles per plant (PPP) and filled grains per panicle (FGP) affected GYP consistently under different soil water conditions. As the changes of soil water conditions, one to three other traits also showed extremely significant effects on GYP. FGP and PPP had main effects on GYP, spikelet per panicle (SP) and KGW were moderate components, and the rest traits had minor effect on GYP. Under different ecological water conditions, the yield related-traits showed varied contributions to GYP, which suggested that different mechanisms might be involved in controlling these traits. FGP and PPP had the largest positive direct contribution to GYP, while the SP showed largely indirect positive contribution, and the rest traits affected GYP indirectly through above three. The contribution of KGW on GYP increased while the water stress became heavier, accompanying with complex and diversified interactions with other yield-related traits. By contrast, the contribution of KGW to GYP decreased while the water stress was relieved, and the PPP became the predominat factor of grain yield with simpler interactions among yield-related traits in the same time. It suggested that rice had a self-adaptive mechanism to adjust grain yield components under different water ecologies. While the soil water decreased gradually, the characters of higher-yield rice varieties changed from larger panicle and more grains per panicle, bigger seed to two types of varieties with either larger panicles along with more grains per panicle or more tillers and panicles per plant along with higher seed setting rate. As an ultimate result, more tillers per plant most largely contributed to the grain yield under severe drought. It indicated that different strategies should be adopted in high-yield breeding of water-saving and drought-tolerant rice since the selected traits for paddy rice breeding was different from that of upland rice breeding under different water ecologies. 【Conclusion】 The yield component structure of paddy rice and upland rice revealed a self-adaptive manner under different soil water conditions. The breeding strategies of paddy rice and upland rice should be emphasized on different selected traits. The breeding effort for higher yield of water-saving or drought-tolerant rice should be focused on improvement and enhancement of emergence and survival rate of tillers and seed setting rate.

Key words:

Oryzasativa, aerobicrice, biologicalwater-saving, ecologicalwatereffect, multivariatestatisticsanalysis

中图分类号:

S511

康海岐, 吕世华, 高方远, 罗大刚, 陆贤军, 任光俊. 水、旱稻产量相关性状的水分生态效应分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(18): 3790-3804.

KANG Hai-Qi, 吕Shi-Hua , GAO Fang-Yuan, LUO Da-Gang, LU Xian-Jun, REN Guang-Jun. Ecological Effects of Soil Moisture Conditions on Grain Yield-Related Traits in Paddy Rice and Aerobic Rice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(18): 3790-3804.

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https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2011/V44/I18/3790

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