普通小麦籽粒硬度与胚乳组成及显微结构的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.09.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究普通小麦籽粒硬度与胚乳组成及显微结构的关系，进一步理解籽粒硬度的形成机理。【方法】利用由硬质小麦郑麦9405×软质小麦扬麦13构建的149个F6﹕7家系的RIL群体及2组软、硬质NIL群体，分析籽粒硬度与角质率、千粒重、胚乳蛋白质含量、总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量及高、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成之间的关系，并利用扫描电镜观察软、硬质近等基因系籽粒横切面显微结构。【结果】RIL群体中Pin基因型为野生型（Pina-D1a/ Pinb-D1a）的家系均为软质胚乳，而缺失Pina（Pina-D1b）基因型的所有家系均为硬质胚乳；软质家系的籽粒硬度值在郑州点和南京点的变异系数均高于硬质家系，软质家系的胚乳质地比硬质家系易受环境影响。RIL群体中的软质家系与硬质家系籽粒硬度值与角质率均极显著相关，而南京点的相关系数低于郑州点；籽粒硬度值与蛋白质含量、总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量及千粒重相关不显著；具有高分子量麦谷蛋白14+15亚基家系和7+8亚基家系的籽粒硬度值差异不显著，而具有低分子量麦谷蛋白Glu-A3b亚基家系的籽粒硬度值显著高于Glu-A3c亚基家系。利用扫描电镜观察结果显示，软、硬质近等基因系籽粒糊粉层细胞无显著差异，而胚乳显微结构差异明显，软质近等基因系籽粒胚乳蛋白质基质与淀粉粒表面呈分离状态，而硬质近等基因系籽粒胚乳蛋白质基质与淀粉粒紧密结合。近等基因系软质家系和硬质家系的角质率差异显著，但二者在粒径、千粒重、蛋白质含量、总淀粉含量及直链淀粉含量上差异不显著。【结论】籽粒硬度值是胚乳蛋白质基质与淀粉粒结合程度的反映，其大小并不影响胚乳密度及籽粒形态，一定范围内胚乳总蛋白含量、总淀粉含量及直链淀粉含量均不影响硬度，而胚乳蛋白亚基组成对籽粒硬度值有一定的影响。

关键词: 普通小麦 , 籽粒硬度 , 蛋白质含量 , 淀粉含量 , 谷蛋白亚基

Abstract: 【Objective】 Study on the relationship between the grain hardness and the endosperm composition and microstructure will benefit further understanding of the formation mechanism of grain hardness. 【Method】One hundred and forty-nine RILs and 2 NILs populations were developed from the cross of Zhengmai 9045(hard)×Yangmai13(soft). Using the RILs and NILs lines, the relationships between the grain hardness and the vitreousness, thousand kernel weights, protein content, total starch content, amyloase content and glutenin subunit composition were analyzed. The soft and hard grain transverse sections were also observed under the electron microscope. 【Result】The result showed that the soft grain texture of all family lines carries wild type Pin genes (Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a) while hard grain texture carries mutant Pin genes (Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a). The coefficient of variation of soft family lines was higher than hard lines both in Zhengzhou and Nanjing sites. The environmental impact on soft grain texture was more than that on hard grain texture. In RIL population, the highly significant correlation between hardness value and vitreousness, and correlation coefficient was lower in Nanjing site than Zhengzhou site, while the thousand kernel weight, protein content, total starch content and amyloase content with hardness value were not significantly related. There was no obvious difference between the hardness values of lines having high molecular weight glutenin subunit 14+15 and 7+8, while the hardness values of low molecular weight glutenin subunit Glu-A3b lines was significantly greater than Glu-A3c. The result of electron microscope observation showed that there was no obvious difference in the aleurone cells in soft and hard NIL lines, while there was a clear difference in endosperm cells between NIL hard line and soft line. The matrix proteins were clearly separated from the surface of starch granules in the hard line, anyhow they adhered in soft line. In NIL population, the highly significant correlation between the hardness value and vitreousness was proved, while no significant correlation between hardness and other grain characters were found. These characters are the thousand kernel weight, protein content, total starch content and amyloase content. 【Conclusion】The hardness value was the index to reflect the adhesion degree of endosperm protein and starch granule. It did not affect the endosperm density and seed shape. The protein content, total starch content and amyloase content did not affect the hardness value in a certain range, while the glutein subunits have some influence on hardness.

Key words: wheat , hardness , protein content , starch content , glutenin subunit

张瑞奇1;荣曼1;张守忠1;胡琳2;许为钢2;陈佩度1. 普通小麦籽粒硬度与胚乳组成及显微结构的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(9): 1753-1762.

ZHANG Rui-qi; RONG Man; ZHANG Shou-zhong; HU Lin; XU Wei-gang; CHEN Pei-du. Relationship Between the Wheat Grain Hardness and the Endosperm Composition and Microstructure in a RIL Population[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(9): 1753-1762.

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