钾营养对莲藕产量形成和氮磷钾养分累积分配的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.012

中国农业科学 ›› 2010, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 978-985 .doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.012

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

钾营养对莲藕产量形成和氮磷钾养分累积分配的影响

刘冬碧,陈防,熊桂云,巴瑞先,张富林,张继铭,余延丰

（湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所）

收稿日期:2009-06-25 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2010-03-01 发布日期:2010-03-01
通讯作者: 熊桂云

Effect of Potassium Nutrition on Yield Formation, Accumulation and Distribution of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Lotus

LIU Dong-bi, CHEN Fang, XIONG Gui-yun, BA Rui-xian, ZHANG Fu-lin, ZHANG Ji-ming, YÜ, Yan-feng

（湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所）

Received:2009-06-25 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2010-03-01 Published:2010-03-01
Contact: XIONG Gui-yun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究钾营养对莲藕产量形成及氮磷钾养分积累与分配的影响。【方法】采用盆栽试验,设置不施钾（-K）和施钾（+K）处理进行全生育期试验。【结果】莲藕移栽76 d后,+K处理叶片和叶柄干物质累积量明显高于-K处理,并均在97 d膨大茎成型后逐渐降低;膨大茎干物质累积速率和累积量在早期为+K处理低于-K处理,97 d后+K处理的干物质累积速率明显加快,其累积量于139 d明显高于-K处理,160 d不同处理膨大茎干物质累积量趋于稳定,+K处理为1 204 g/株,比-K处理高19.7%。在97—160 d产量形成关键期,膨大茎中氮、磷和钾的累积量,+K处理比-K处理分别高32.8%、10.3%和74.2%,其中来自其它器官转移的氮、磷和钾,+K处理比-K处理分别高1.20、0.12和1.26 g/株,来自根系直接从土壤中吸收转运的氮、磷和钾,前者比后者高2.16、0.04和5.70 g/株。莲藕氮、磷、钾累积总量之比-K处理为1﹕0.14﹕0.90,+K处理为1﹕0.13﹕1.31。【结论】钾营养促进莲藕干物质生产和累积、促进根系对养分的吸收并提高莲藕各器官尤其是叶柄中钾的含量,在生育后期促进干物质和养分从叶片等器官转移并贮存到膨大茎中并最终增产。

关键词: 莲藕, 钾营养, 产量形成, 氮, 磷, 钾, 积累与分配

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to understand the effect of potassium nutrition on yield formation of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.), the accumulation and distribution of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in lotus was investigated in the study. 【Method】The study was carried out by a pot experiment supplied with two K levels (-K: 0.0 and +K: 0.45 g•kg-1) in a whole lotus growth duration. 【Result】 Results showed that dry matter accumulations (DMA) in both leaves and petioles were significantly higher in +K treatment than in -K treatment 76 d after transplanting, which began to decrease when the swollen stem was developed about 97 d. At the earlier stage of the swollen stem development, the DMA of the swollen stem in +K treatment was lower than that in -K treatment. However, it increased quickly begun from the 97th d after transplanting, and was significantly higher than that in -K treatment at the 139th d. DMA of the swollen stem for both K treatments turned to be stable after 160 d, indicating the maturity of the swollen stem. At that period, the DMA was 1 204 gplant-1 in +K treatment, which was 19.7% higher than that at -K treatment. During the critical period of the yield formation (97 d-160 d), the accumulations of N, P and K in swollen stem was 32.8%, 10.3% and 74.2% higher than that in -K treatment, respectively. Among the accumulated nutrients, the proportion of N, P and K transported from other organs to swollen stem in +K treatment was 1.20, 0.12 and 1.26 g/plant higher than that in -K treatment, respectively, and the directly absorbed N, P and K from the soil by root system in +K treatment was 2.16, 0.04 and 5.70 g/plant higher than that in -K treatment, respectively. The ratio of N, P and K accumulated in the swollen stem was 1﹕0.14﹕0.90 in -K treatment, and 1﹕0.13﹕1.31 in +K treatment. 【Conclusion】Application of potassium fertilizer could improve dry matter production and accumulation of lotus, uptake and translocation of N, P and K in swollen stems, which results finally in an increase in yield.

Key words: lotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.), potassium nutrition, yield formation, N, P and K, accumulation and distribution

刘冬碧,陈防,熊桂云,巴瑞先,张富林,张继铭,余延丰 . 钾营养对莲藕产量形成和氮磷钾养分累积分配的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(5): 978-985 .

LIU Dong-bi,CHEN Fang,XIONG Gui-yun,BA Rui-xian,ZHANG Fu-lin,ZHANG Ji-ming,YÜ,Yan-feng
. Effect of Potassium Nutrition on Yield Formation, Accumulation and Distribution of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Lotus
[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(5): 978-985 .

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钾营养对莲藕产量形成和氮磷钾养分累积分配的影响

Effect of Potassium Nutrition on Yield Formation, Accumulation and Distribution of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Lotus

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