Optimizing nitrogen management can improve stem lodging resistance and stabilize the grain yield of japonica rice in rice–crayfish coculture systems

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.02.002

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

2024, Vol. 23

Issue (12): 3983-3997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.02.002

Special Issue: 水稻耕作栽培Rice Physiology · Biochemistry · Cultivation · Tillage

Crop Science

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Optimizing nitrogen management can improve stem lodging resistance and stabilize the grain yield of japonica rice in rice–crayfish coculture systems

Qiang Xu^{1, 2, 3*}, Jingyong Li^{1, 2, 3*}, Hui Gao^{1, 2, 3#}, Xinyi Yang⁴, Zhi Dou^{1, 2, 3}, Xiaochun Yuan⁵, Weiyan Gao⁵, Hongcheng Zhang^{1, 2, 3}

¹Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

² Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

³ Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

⁴Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China

⁵ Jiangsu Xuyi Crayfish Industry Development Co., Ltd., Huai’an 211700, China

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摘要

氮是影响水稻产量及倒伏性状的主要因素。前人主要研究了水稻单作模式下氮肥管理对水稻倒伏特性的影响，鲜有对稻虾共作模式进行研究。本研究假设稻虾共作模式会增加水稻倒伏风险，而优化氮肥管理可以在提高该模式下水稻抗倒能力的同时保证水稻稳产。在2021-2022年，通过双因素（稻作模式和氮肥管理）田间试验验证本研究提出的假设。稻作模式包括水稻单作和稻虾共作，氮肥管理包括不施氮、常规施氮和优化施氮处理。对不同处理的水稻产量和抗倒伏指标（形态、力学、理化、解剖结构指标及基因表达水平）均进行了比较分析。结果表明：在同一施氮量下，与水稻单作相比，稻虾共作的水稻产量两年平均减少了11.1%–24.4%，茎秆倒伏指数增加了19.6%–45.6%。稻虾共作模式下优化施氮处理的水稻株高、穗颈节高、重心高、弯曲应力和倒伏指数分别比常规施氮处理降低了4.0–4.8%、5.2–7.8%、0.5–4.5%、5.5–10.5%和1.8–19.5%，而茎粗、茎壁厚、折断弯矩、非结构性碳水化合物和结构性碳水化合物的含量则分别增加了0.8–4.9%、2.2–53.1%、13.5–19.2%、2.2–24.7%和31.3–87.2%。此外，优化施氮增加了基部第二节间厚壁组织和薄壁组织及维管束的面积，上调了合成木质素和纤维素关键基因的相对表达量，提高了水稻茎秆基部节间抗倒伏能力。稻虾共作模式下优化施氮处理水稻倒伏指数显著（P<0.05）低于常规施氮处理，降幅为1.8–19.5%，而水稻产量平均为8570kg·hm^-2，达到稳产水平，不会对粮食安全造成影响。本研究全面分析了优化施氮对两种稻作模式下水稻抗倒特性的差异，该研究结果有助于发展稻虾田更高效的氮肥管理模式，从而合理降低氮肥投入。

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) significantly affects rice yield and lodging resistance. Previous studies have primarily investigated the impact of N management on rice lodging in conventional rice monoculture (RM); however, few studies have performed such investigations in rice–crayfish coculture (RC). We hypothesized that RC would increase rice lodging risk and that optimizing N application practices would improve rice lodging resistance without affecting food security. We conducted a two-factor (rice farming mode and N management practice) field experiment from 2021 to 2022 to test our hypothesis. The rice farming modes included RM and RC, and the N management practices included no nitrogen fertilizer, conventional N application, and optimized N treatment. The rice yield and lodging resistance characteristics, such as morphology, mechanical and chemical characteristics, anatomic structure, and gene expression levels, were analyzed and compared among the treatments. Under the same N application practice, RC decreased the rice yield by 11.1–24.4% and increased the lodging index by 19.6–45.6% compared with the values yielded in RM. In RC, optimized N application decreased the plant height, panicle neck node height, center of gravity height, bending stress, and lodging index by 4.0–4.8%, 5.2–7.8%, 0.5–4.5%, 5.5–10.5%, and 1.8–19.5%, respectively, compared with those in the conventional N application practice. Furthermore, it increased the culm diameter, culm wall thickness, breaking strength, and non-structural and structural carbohydrate content by 0.8–4.9%, 2.2–53.1%, 13.5–19.2%, 2.2–24.7%, and 31.3–87.2%, respectively. Optimized N application increased sclerenchymal and parenchymal tissue areas of the vascular bundle at the culm wall of the base second internode. Furthermore, optimized N application upregulated genes involved in lignin and cellulose synthesis, thereby promoting lower internodes on the rice stem and enhancing lodging resistance. Optimized N application in RC significantly reduced the lodging index by 1.8–19.5% and stabilized the rice yield (>8,570 kg ha^–1 on average). This study systematically analyzed and compared the differences in lodging characteristics between RM and RC. The findings will aid in the development of more efficient practices for RC that will reduce N fertilizer application.

Keywords: rice lodging resistance nitrogen regulation anatomical structure rice-crayfish coculture

Received: 12 July 2023 Accepted: 07 December 2023

Fund:

The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32301961), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20210791), the General Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province, China (2023SJYB2057), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (PAPD), the Qinglan Project of Yangzhou University, China, and the Lv Yang Jin Feng Talent Plan of Yangzhou City, China (YZLYJF2020PHD100).

About author: Qiang Xu, Tel: +86-514-87974556, E-mail: qiangxu@yzu.edu.cn; Jingyong Li, Tel: +86-514-87974556, E-mail: 15277339063@163.com; #Correspondence Hui Gao, Tel: +86-514-87974556, E-mail: gaohui@yzu.edu.cn * These authors contributed equally to this study. * These authors contributed equally to this study.

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