Please wait a minute...
Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2015, Vol. 14 Issue (12): 2529-2537    DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61213-8
Special Focus: Best Soil Management from Long-Term Field Experiments for Sustainable Agriculture Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
An asymmetric membrane of polyimide 6FDA-BDAF and its pervaporation desulfurization for n-heptane/thiophene mixtures
 YANG Xiang-dong, YE Hong, LI Yan-ting, LI Juan, LI Ji-ding, ZHAO Bing-qiang, LIN Yang-zheng
1、Institue of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China
2、Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R.China
3、School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P.R.China
4、Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA
Download:  PDF in ScienceDirect  
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
摘要  Polyimide (PI) is a type of important membrane material. A soluble polymer was synthesized from 4,4´-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] hexafluoropropane (BDAF) by the two-step polymerization method. The polymer was proved to be polyimide 6FDA-BDAF by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), the 1H-NMR and 19F-NMR spectra. An asymmetric membrane was prepared with the synthesized polyimide 6FDA-BDAF, it was porous in the 50 μm height bulk and dense in a 3–5 μm height surface. The membrane was used to separate n-heptane/ thiophene mixtures by pervaporation with sulfur (S) contents from 50 to 900 μg g–1. The total flux was enlarged from 7.96 to 37.61 kg m–2 h–1 with temperature increasing from 50 to 90°C. The membrane’s enrichments factor for thiophene were about 3.13 and dependent on the experimental conditions. The experimental results demonstrated that polyimide 6FDA-BDAF would be a potential membrane material for desulfurization and controlled release of the S-containing fertilizer.

Abstract  Polyimide (PI) is a type of important membrane material. A soluble polymer was synthesized from 4,4´-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] hexafluoropropane (BDAF) by the two-step polymerization method. The polymer was proved to be polyimide 6FDA-BDAF by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), the 1H-NMR and 19F-NMR spectra. An asymmetric membrane was prepared with the synthesized polyimide 6FDA-BDAF, it was porous in the 50 μm height bulk and dense in a 3–5 μm height surface. The membrane was used to separate n-heptane/ thiophene mixtures by pervaporation with sulfur (S) contents from 50 to 900 μg g–1. The total flux was enlarged from 7.96 to 37.61 kg m–2 h–1 with temperature increasing from 50 to 90°C. The membrane’s enrichments factor for thiophene were about 3.13 and dependent on the experimental conditions. The experimental results demonstrated that polyimide 6FDA-BDAF would be a potential membrane material for desulfurization and controlled release of the S-containing fertilizer.
Keywords:  pervaporation       membrane material       fertilizer       desulfurization       n-heptane/thiophene  
Received: 14 August 2015   Accepted:
Fund: 

The authors greatly appreciate the support from the Key Technology R&D Program of China (2011BAD11B05) and the National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2011-28; 2013-17). This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2003CB615701), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20576059, 20676067, 31572204), the China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (SINOPEC Foundation, X505002) and the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) Innovation Foundation (05051143).

Corresponding Authors:  LIN Yang-zheng, Tel: +86-10-62782432,Fax: +86-10-62770304, E-mail: sealin2008@hotmail.com     E-mail:  sealin2008@hotmail.com

Cite this article: 

YANG Xiang-dong, YE Hong, LI Yan-ting, LI Juan, LI Ji-ding, ZHAO Bing-qiang, LIN Yang-zheng. 2015. An asymmetric membrane of polyimide 6FDA-BDAF and its pervaporation desulfurization for n-heptane/thiophene mixtures. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14(12): 2529-2537.

Acharya H R, Stern S A, Liu Z Z, Cabasso I. 1988. Separationof liquid benzene/cyclohexane mixtures by perstractionand pervaporation. Journal Membrance Science, 37, 205.

Ahmad M B, Gharayebi Y, Salit M S, Hussein M Z, EbrahimiaslS, Dehzangi A. 2012. Preparation, characterizationand thermal degradation of polyimide (4-APS/BTDA)/SiO2 composite films. International Journal of MolecularSciences, 13, 4860-4872

Ayala D, Lozano A E, De Abajo J, García-Perez C, De la CampaJ G, Peinemann K V, Freeman B D, Prabhakar R. 2003.Gas separation properties of aromatic polyimides. Journalof Membrance Science, 215, 61-73

Chen J, Li J, Qi R, Ye H, Chen C. 2010. Pervaporation separationof thiophene-heptane mixtures with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) membrane for desulfurization. Applied Biochemistryand Biotechnology, 160, 486-497

Guo W F, Chung T S. 2005. Study and characterization ofthe hysteresis behavior of polyimide membranes in thethermal cycle process of pervaporation separation. Journalof Membrance Science, 253, 13-22

Kim J H, Chang B J, Lee S B, Kim S Y. 2000. Incorporationeffect of fluorinated side groups into polyimide membraneson their pervaporation properties. Journal of Membrance ofScience, 169, 185-196

Kuo Y, Chung T, Nominand H. 2003, Plasma hydrogenation - Anew method of reducing the k value of the low k polyimidefilm. MRS (Materials Research Society) Online ProceedingsLibrary, 766, 333.

Lin L, Kong Y, Wang G, Qu H, Yang J, Shi D. 2006a. Selectionand crosslinking modification of membrane material for FCCgasoline desulfurization. Journal of Membrane Science, 285, 144-151

Lin L, Wang G, Qu H, Yang J, Wang Y, Shi D, Kong Y. 2006b.Pervaporation performance of crosslinked polyethyleneglycol membranes for deep desulfurization of FCC gasoline.Journal of Membrane Science, 280, 651-658

Qi R, Wang Y, Li J, Zhao C, Zhu S. 2006a. Pervaporationseparation of alkane/thiophene mixtures ith PDMSmembrane. Journal of Membrance Science, 280, 545-552

Qi R, Wang Y, Li J, Zhu S. 2006b. Sulfur removal from gasolineby pervaporation: The effect of hydrocarbon species.Separation and Purification Technology, 51, 258-264

Qi R, Zhao C, Li J, Wang Y, Zhu S, 2006c. Removal of thiophenesfrom n-octane/thiophene mixtures by pervaporation. Journalof Membrance Science, 269, 94-100

Rychlewska K, Konieczny K. 2014. Pervaporativedesulfurization of gasoline-separation of hydrocarbon/thiophene mixtures using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based membranes. Desalination and Water Treatment. doi:10.1080/19443994.2014.988412

Shi D, Kong Y, Yu J, Wang Y, Yang J. 2006. Separationperformance of polyimide nanofiltration membranes forconcentrating spiramycin extract. Desalination, 191,309-317

Tanaka K, Islam M N, Kido M, Kita H, Okamoto K I. 2006.Gas permeation and separation properties of sulfonatedpolyimide membranes. Polymer, 47, 4370-4377

Teng M Y, Li C L, Lee K R, Lai J Y. 2006. Permselectivities of3,3´,4,4´ benzhydrol tetraacarboxylic dianhydride basedpolyimide membrane for pervaporation. Desalination, 193,144-151

Wang L, Zhao Z, Li J, Chen C. 2006. Synthesis andcharacterization of fluorinated polyimides for pervaporationof n-heptane/thiophene mixtures. European PolymerJournal, 42, 1266-1272

Wang Y C, Huang S H, Hu C C, Li C L, Lee K R, Liaw D J,Lai J Y. 2005. Sorption and transport properties of gasesin aromatic polyimide membranes. Journal of MembranceScience, 248, 15-25

Wind J D, Paul D R, Koros W J. 2004. Natural gas permeationin polyimide membranes. Journal of Membrance Science,228, 227-236

White L S. 2002. Transport properties of a polyimide solventresistant nanofiltration membrane. Journal of MembranceScience, 205, 191-202

White L S. 2006. Development of large-scale applicationsin organic solvent nanofiltration and pervaporation forchemical and refining processes. Journal of MembranceScience, 286, 26-35

Yang Z, Zhang W, Li J, Chen J. 2012. Polyphosphazene membranefor desulfurization: Selecting poly[bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene] for pervaporative removal of thiophene.Separation and Purification Technology, 93, 15-24

Ye H, Li J, Lin Y, Chen J, Chen C. 2008. Synthesis of polyimidescontaining fluorine and their pervaporation performancesto aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures. Journalof Macromolecular Science (Part A: Pure and AppliedChemistry), 45, 172-178

Zhao Y, Yuan Q. 2006. Effect of membrane pretreatment onperformace of solvent resistant nanofiltration membranesin methanol solutions. Journal of Membrance Science,280, 195-201
[1] Lichao Zhai, Lihua Zhang, Yongzeng Cui, Lifang Zhai, Mengjing Zheng, Yanrong Yao, Jingting Zhang, Wanbin Hou, Liyong Wu, Xiuling Jia.

Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer alleviates the kernel position effect in summer maize by promoting post-silking nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(4): 1179-1194.

[2] Haiqing Gong, Yue Xiang, Jiechen Wu, Laichao Luo, Xiaohui Chen, Xiaoqiang Jiao, Chen Chen.

Integrating phosphorus management and cropping technology for sustainable maize production [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(4): 1369-1380.

[3] Junyu Xie, Jianyong Gao, Hanbing Cao, Jiahui Li, Xiang Wang, Jie Zhang, Huisheng Meng, Jianping Hong, Tingliang Li, Minggang Xu. Calcium carbonate promotes the formation and stability of soil macroaggregates in mining areas of China[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(3): 1034-1047.
[4] Zongyi Wu, Xiaolong Feng, Yumei Zhang, Shenggen Fan.

Repositioning fertilizer manufacturing subsidies for improving food security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in China [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(2): 430-443.

[5] Tingcheng Zhao, Aibin He, Mohammad Nauman Khan, Qi Yin, Shaokun Song, Lixiao Nie.

Coupling of reduced inorganic fertilizer with plant-based organic fertilizer as a promising fertilizer management strategy for colored rice in tropical regions [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(1): 93-107.

[6] Nafiu Garba HAYATU, LIU Yi-ren, HAN Tian-fu, Nano Alemu DABA, ZHANG Lu, SHEN Zhe, LI Ji-wen, Haliru MUAZU, Sobhi Faid LAMLOM, ZHANG Hui-min. Carbon sequestration rate, nitrogen use efficiency and rice yield responses to long-term substitution of chemical fertilizer by organic manure in a rice–rice cropping system[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(9): 2848-2864.
[7] ZHAO Shu-ping, DENG Kang-ming, ZHU Ya-mei, JIANG Tao, WU Peng, FENG Kai, LI Liang-jun.

Optimization of slow-release fertilizer application improves lotus rhizome quality by affecting the physicochemical properties of starch [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(4): 1045-1057.

[8] HE Wen-jun, HE Bin, WU Bo-yang, WANG Yu-hui, YAN Fei-yu, DING Yan-feng, LI Gang-hua. Growth of tandem long-mat rice seedlings using controlled release fertilizers: Mechanical transplantation can be more economical and high yielding[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(12): 3652-3666.
[9] BI Shi-ting, LUO Xiang-yu, ZHANG Chen, LI Peng-fei, YU Cai-lian, LIU Zhi-lei, PENG Xian-long. Fate of fertilizer nitrogen and residual nitrogen in paddy soil in Northeast China[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(11): 3535-3548.
[10] ZHA Yu-xuan, CHEN Fei, WANG Zhi-hui, JIANG Shou-zheng, CUI Ning-bo. Effects of water and fertilizer deficit regulation with drip irrigation at different growth stages on fruit quality improvement of kiwifruit in seasonal arid areas of Southwest China[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(10): 3042-3058.
[11] Busiswa NDABA, Ashira ROOPNARAIN, Haripriya RAMA, Malik MAAZA. Biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles as fertilizers: An emerging precision agriculture strategy[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(5): 1225-1242.
[12] GUAN Xian-jiao, CHEN Jin, CHEN Xian-mao, XIE Jiang, DENG Guo-qiang, HU Li-zhen, LI Yao, QIAN Yin-fei, QIU Cai-fei, PENG Chun-rui. Root characteristics and yield of rice as affected by the cultivation pattern of strong seedlings with increased planting density and reduced nitrogen application[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(5): 1278-1289.
[13] XING Ting-ting, CAI An-dong, LU Chang-ai, YE Hong-ling, WU Hong-liang, HUAI Sheng-chang, WANG Jin-yu, XU Ming-gang, LIN Qi-mei . Increasing soil microbial biomass nitrogen in crop rotation systems by improving nitrogen resources under nitrogen application[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(5): 1488-1500.
[14] ZHANG Jia-jia, DING Wen-cheng, CUI Rong-zong, LI Ming-yue, Sami ULLAH, HE Ping. The Nutrient Expert decision support system improves nutrient use efficiency and environmental performance of radish in North China[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(5): 1501-1512.
[15] ZHANG Wen-li, LIN Qi-mei, Li Gui-tong, ZHAO Xiao-rong. The ciliate protozoan Colpoda cucullus can improve maize growth by transporting soil phosphates[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(3): 855-861.
No Suggested Reading articles found!