Mutation in CmPPR confers a yellow-leaf phenotype and chloroplast defects in melon (Cucumis melo L.)

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.03.042

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Mutation in CmPPR confers a yellow-leaf phenotype and chloroplast defects in melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Jiajian Cao^{1, 2*}, Qin Shao^3*, Yi Cheng^{1, 2*}, Feidie Ye^{1, 2}, Xingwen Chai^{1, 2}, Chunhua Wang^{1, 2}, Tao Wu^{1, 2#}

¹College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa lnnovation Research lnstitute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

²Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha 410128, China

³College of Life Science, Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China

Highlights

● The yellow-leaf trait in melon was controlled by a single recessive gene, designated CmPPR.

● MELO3C021959 is the causal gene, encoding a P-type PPR protein (CmPPR), for Cmyl-1.

Abstract
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摘要

甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.）的叶片颜色变异明显，是研究叶绿素合成、叶绿体发育及光合作用的理想模型。本研究鉴定到一个稳定遗传的黄叶突变体Cmyl-1，其叶绿素与类胡萝卜素含量显著降低，叶绿体结构异常，植株生长迟缓。遗传分析表明，该黄叶性状为单基因隐性遗传。通过基因定位，将候选区间锁定在11号染色体上两个CAPS标记之间的78.45 kb区域内。序列分析发现，突变体中基因MELO3C021959的启动子存在12 bp插入，同时外显子发生一处C→T碱基替换，导致脯氨酸变为亮氨酸。MELO3C021959被推测为候选基因，该基因编码一个定位于细胞质与叶绿体的P型PPR蛋白（CmPPR），同时也定位于细胞膜。在黄瓜中利用VIGS技术沉默CmPPR表达后出现黄叶表型，进一步证实了该基因是导致Cmyl-1表型的调控基因。转录组分析表明，Cmyl-1突变体中叶绿体相关基因表达整体下调。综上，本研究结果可为甜瓜遗传改良提供依据，并为阐明葫芦科作物叶色形成的分子机制提供参考。

Abstract

Leaf color variation in melon (Cucumis melo L.) serves as a valuable model for investigating chlorophyll biosynthesis, chloroplast development and photosynthesis owing to its obvious morphological differences. In this study, a stable yellow-leaf mutant Cmyl-1 was characterized, exhibiting reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, impaired chloroplast ultrastructure, and retarded plant growth. Genetic segregation analysis indicated that the yellow-leaf trait was regulated by a single recessive gene, and the green leaf showed complete dominance over the yellow leaf. Genetic mapping confined the Cmyl-1 locus to a 78.45-kb region between the CAPS markers 1-CAPS and 21-CAPS on chromosome 11. Genomic and sequencing results revealed a 12-bp insertion in the promoter and a single C to T transition in the exon of MELO3C021959 in Cmyl-1; the latter caused a Pro-to-Leu amino acid change. MELO3C021959 is presumed to be the candidate gene, encoding a P-type PPR protein (CmPPR), which localizes to the cytoplasm and chloroplasts, and possibly to the cell membrane. Silencing of CmPPR in cucumber via VIGS further confirmed its role as the causal gene for the Cmyl-1 phenotype. RNA-seq analysis further demonstrated significant downregulation of chloroplast-associated genes in the Cmyl-1 mutant. The results found in this study will not only contribute to melon genetic breeding, but also provide a useful insight into the molecular understanding of leaf color development in Cucurbitaceae crops.

Keywords: melon yellow leaf genetic mapping CmPPR RNA-seq

Online: 18 March 2026

Fund:

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32160716, W2521013), the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2025JJ10003), the Yuelushan Laboratory Breeding Program (YLS-2025-ZY02010), and the Furong Program Science and Technology Leading Talents Project Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team (University Sector).

About author: *These authors contributed equally to this study. #Correspondence Tao Wu, E-mail: wutao@hunau.edu.cn

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Jiajian Cao, Qin Shao, Yi Cheng, Feidie Ye, Xingwen Chai, Chunhua Wang, Tao Wu. 2026. Mutation in CmPPR confers a yellow-leaf phenotype and chloroplast defects in melon (Cucumis melo L.). Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.03.042

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