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| Transcriptomic profiling of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) provides insights into male flowers development |
| ZHU Ying-chun, YUAN Gao-peng, JIA Sheng-feng, AN Guo-lin, LI Wei-hua, SUN De-xi, LIU Jun-pu |
Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, P.R.China
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摘要
西瓜(Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)Matsum. & Nakai)是世界范围内种植的一种重要的瓜类作物。西瓜果实品质、育性、结实率与雄花发育密切相关。本研究通过细胞学观察，对西瓜新品种‘新特大郑抗9号’雄花发育的不同阶段进行了区分，并进行了转录组测序分析。对花药进行醋酸洋红染色，并测定未开放雄花的纵横径。对花药不同发育时期的细胞学观察表明，花药从四分体生长到成熟期，其纵横径逐渐增大，雄花的花蕾长度在发育过程中也发生了显著的变化。对花药发育的四分体期(A组)、单核期(B组)、双核期(C组)和成熟期(D组)四个发育时期进行转录组测序分析。结果表明，四个阶段总共发现了16288个差异表达基因(DEGs)，随着发育阶段的延伸，各比较组间的DEGs数量逐渐增加，6个比较组(A-VS-B、A-VS-C、A-VS-D、B-VS-C、B-VS-D和C-VS-D)的DEGs分别为2014、3259、4628、1490、3495和1132个。GO和KEGG富集分析表明，DEGs主要富集于细胞组分、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、苯丙类生物合成和戊糖合成等途径。最后，我们在6个比较组中共筛选了59个DEGs，有趣的是，我们发现一个花粉特异表达蛋白(Cla001608)显著下调(log2Fold Change值高达17.32)，这表明它可能在雄花发育中起重要作用。本研究为了解西瓜雄性花发育阶段的分子基础提供了依据，并有助于优势杂交育种。
Abstract Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) is an important cucurbit crop grown worldwide. Watermelon fruit quality, fertility, and seed-setting rate are closely related to male flower development. In this study, the different developmental stages of flower buds of the watermelon cultivar ‘Xinteda Zhengkang 9’ were distinguished by cytological observation, and transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed subsequently. Acetocarmine staining of anthers was performed and the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the unopened male flower buds were measured. Cytological observations of anthers at different developmental stages showed that the anther grew from the tetrad to the mature stage, and the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the flower buds increased. The length of the male flower buds also changed significantly during development. Transcriptome sequencing analysis at four periods, the tetrad (A group), mononuclear (B group), dikaryophase (C group), and mature stages (D group). A total of 16 288 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the four stages, with the prolongation of developmental stages, the number of DEGs increased gradually in the comparison groups, there was 2 014, 3 259, 4 628, 1 490, 3 495 and 1 132 DEGs revealed in six comparison groups (A-vs.-B, A-vs.-C, A-vs-D, B-vs.-C, B-vs.-D, and C-vs.-D), respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in cellular component and starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and pentose sugar, etc. Finally, we completely screened 59 DEGs in the six comparison groups, interestingly, we found one pollen-specific protein (Cla001608) that was significantly down-regulated (the value of log2Fold Change up to 17.32), which indicated that it may play an important role in the development of male flowers. This work provides insight into the molecular basis of the developmental stages of male flowers in watermelon and may aid in dominant cross breeding.
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Received: 21 August 2020
Accepted: 28 December 2020
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Fund: This study was supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-25), the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, China (Y2019XK16-03), and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-2020-ZFRI), the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province, China (202102110194), and the Major Science and Technology Project in Zhengzhou, China (188PCXZX802).
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| About author: ZHU Ying-chun, Tel: +86-371-60277661, E-mail: zhuyingchun@caas.cn; Correspondence LIU Jun-pu, E-mail: liujunpu@caas.cn; SUN De-xi, Tel: +86-371-60277661, E-mail: sundexi@caas.cn |
Cite this article:
ZHU Ying-chun, YUAN Gao-peng, JIA Sheng-feng, AN Guo-lin, LI Wei-hua, SUN De-xi, LIU Jun-pu.
2022.
Transcriptomic profiling of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) provides insights into male flowers development. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 21(2): 407-421.
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