Proactive optimization of drip-applied DPC based on cultivar sensitivity: Increasing machine-harvested cotton yield and reducing DPC residues

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.02.009

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Feng Shi^1*, Yu Tian^1*, Xiaojuan Shi¹, Liwen Tian^2#, Xianzhe Hao³, Nannan Li¹, Hongxia Zhang¹, Humei Zhang¹, Houxiu Zhao¹, Shijie Deng¹, Xuan Liu¹, Guoxing Ma¹, Jing Li¹, Jun Wang³, Honghai Luo^1#

¹Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group/College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China

²Cotton Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830091, China

³Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832003, China

Highlights

· Drip 1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride (DPC) can optimize agronomic traits and canopy structures in cotton, facilitating defoliation and boll opening.

· Drip DPC can increase boll number and boost yield and reduce the levels of DPC residues in cotton plants.

· Coordinating the use of appropriate cultivars and drip DPC doses represents a viable alternative to foliar spraying.

Abstract
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摘要

在注重节本增效的现代棉花栽培背景下，滴灌施用缩节胺（1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride，DPC）具有潜在优势，例如在干旱棉区能够减少传统DPC叶面喷施化控所需的人工与机械成本。然而，滴施DPC的适宜剂量及其对棉花生长和产量的调控效应，尤其是不同DPC敏感型棉花品种的响应规律，目前仍尚不明确。于2023年和2024年开展了为期两年的田间试验，旨在评估不同棉花品种及滴施DPC用量对棉花物候、农艺性状、冠层结构、脱叶吐絮、产量和DPC残留量的影响。试验选用惠远720（H₇₂₀，DPC敏感型）和新陆早74号（L₇₄，DPC钝感型）棉花品种，以不施用DPC（D₀）和叶面喷施DPC（S₁，2023年和2024年剂量分别为330 g ha⁻¹和375 g ha⁻¹）为对照，设置滴施DPC处理D₁（剂量与S₁一致）、D₄（剂量为S₁的4倍）和D₆（剂量为S₁的6倍）。结果表明，与D₀相比，H₇₂₀品种在D₄处理和L₇₄在D₆处理下的全生育期缩短了9天；其中，盛花期至盛铃后期的生育天数缩短6天。株高、果枝始节高和株宽显著降低10.1–19.1%。盛蕾期至吐絮期的冠层开度和冠层中上部透光率分别增加7.9–55.9%和0.4–7.0%。脱叶率和吐絮率增加1.5–3.4%。中部棉铃数增加16.7–36.4%，产量提升4.9–7.6%。与S₁相比，H₇₂₀品种在D₄处理和L₇₄在D₆处理下的产量表现相当，但棉株内的DPC残留量显著降低36.3%–71.0%。此外，D₆处理土壤中的DPC残留量是极少的。这些结果表明，依据棉花品种特性，采用适宜的滴施DPC剂量，可在优化棉花生长发育的基础上，降低棉株及土壤中的DPC残留量。本研究为滴施DPC调控体系替代叶面喷施、推进棉花轻简化栽培提供了宝贵的实践依据。

Abstract

Within the context of modern cotton cultivation, which emphasizes cost savings and efficiency improvements, drip application of 1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride (DPC) provides potential advantage such as reducing the labour and mechanical costs associated with the chemical regulation of conventional DPC foliar spraying in arid cotton-growing areas. However, the appropriate drip DPC dose and its regulatory effects on cotton growth and yield, and particularly the responses to cultivars with different sensitivities to DPC, remain uncertain. A two-year (2023–2024) field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influences of various cultivars and drip DPC doses on cotton phenology, agronomic traits, canopy development, defoliation, boll opening, yield and residual DPC levels. The cultivars Huiyuan 720 (H₇₂₀, DPC-sensitive) and Xinluzao 74 (L₇₄, DPC-insensitive) were chosen, the D₀ (no DPC) and S₁ (DPC foliar spraying at 330 g ha⁻¹ in 2023 and 375 g ha⁻¹ in 2024) treatments were used as controls, and the drip DPC doses were D₁ (the same dose as that in S₁), D₄ (four times the dose in S₁) and D₆ (six times the dose in S₁). The results indicated that compared with those in D₀, the growth periods of H₇₂₀ in D₄ and L₇₄ in decreased by 9 days; in particular, the number of growth days from the peak flowering stage to the late peak bolling stage decreased by 6 days. The plant height, the height of the first fruiting branch, and plant width decreased significantly, by 10.1–19.1%. The diffuse non-interceptance and canopy light transmittance in the middle and upper parts from the peak squaring stage to the boll opening stage increased by 7.9–55.9% and 0.4–7.0%, respectively. The defoliation and boll opening rates increased by 1.5–3.4%. The boll numbers in the middle part increased by 16.7–36.4%, and the yield increased by 4.9–7.6%. Compared with those in S₁, the yields of H₇₂₀ in D₄ and of L₇₄ in D₆ were comparable but the levels of DPC residues in the cotton plants significantly decreased by 36.3–71.0%. Moreover, the levels of DPC residues in D₆ were minimal in soil. These results indicated that an appropriate drip DPC dose can optimize cotton growth and development and reduce the levels of DPC residues based on the cultivar characteristics. This study provides valuable practical insights into the potential of a drip DPC regulation system to replace the foliar spraying method and to advance light and simplified cotton cultivation.

Keywords: DPC drip application canopy structure defoliation and boll opening cotton yield residual DPC level

Online: 05 February 2026

Fund:

This study was supported by the projects sponsored by the Tianshan Talents Introduction Plan–Autonomous Region Tianshan Talents Leading Talents in Science and Technology Innovation (2022TSYCLJ0061), the Development Fund for Xinjiang Talents XL (XL202405-07), and the Tianshan Talent Science and Technology Innovation Team Program (2024TSYCTD0019).

About author: Feng Shi, E-mail: shifengxjyl@163.com; Yu Tian, E-mail: rainy.tian@163.com; #Correspondence Liwen Tian, E-mail: 1365400936@qq.com; Honghai Luo, E-mail: luohonghai79@163.com *These authors contributed equally to this study.

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Feng Shi, Yu Tian, Xiaojuan Shi, Liwen Tian, Xianzhe Hao, Nannan Li, Hongxia Zhang, Humei Zhang, Houxiu Zhao, Shijie Deng, Xuan Liu, Guoxing Ma, Jing Li, Jun Wang, Honghai Luo. 2026. Proactive optimization of drip-applied DPC based on cultivar sensitivity: Increasing machine-harvested cotton yield and reducing DPC residues. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.02.009

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