Stellera chamaejasme L. induced changes to soil in Chinese grasslands vary with context and location

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.01.041

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Stellera chamaejasme L. induced changes to soil in Chinese grasslands vary with context and location

Wei He^{1, 2}^*, Jiahuan Li³^*, John Scullion⁴, Na Li¹, Congcong Xu¹, Jun Luo¹, Mike Wilkinson⁴, Lifen Hao⁵^,⁶, Yuyu Li⁵^,⁶, Kejian Lin⁵^,^6#, Lizhu Guo⁵^,^6#

¹Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China

²Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China

³Horticultural College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China

⁴Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FL, UK

⁵Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring, Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, China

⁶Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Conservation Ecology, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, China

Highlights

l In contrast to the QT region, where S. chamaejasme soils had higher N but not P, the IM region exhibited no such N increase, and its control soils were low in P.

l Bacterial responses to S. chamaejasme establishment differed regionally, with QT region showing increased relative abundances of some diazotrophs that correlated with soil N, whereas no similar trends were detected in IM region.

l The ability of S. chamaejasme to interact differently with soil microbial communities and nutrients depending on local soil conditions is a key mechanism that may contribute to its successful expansion across diverse grassland ecosystems in China.

Abstract
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摘要

狼毒是中国草原地区常见的有毒植物，其在退化草原上的扩张往往伴随着土壤微生物群落结构的改变和氮积累现象。氮有效性的提升可能进一步增强该物种的竞争优势，从而影响当地植被群落结构。本研究旨在探究狼毒是否在不同土壤背景的区域中引发相似的土壤理化性质及细菌群落结构变化。基于此，我们分别在青藏高原东部高寒草甸（QT，n=17）和内蒙古高原中部典型草原（IM，n=7）采集了原生植被下（对照, NSc）和狼毒植株下（Sc）的表层土壤样品（0-15cm），并开展对比分析。研究结果显示，狼毒对土壤养分的影响模式在两个区域存在显著差异。在青藏高原地区，狼毒显著提高了土壤氮含量（尤其是铵态氮），但未改变磷含量；而在内蒙古高原地区，狼毒并未影响土壤氮含量，但显著提升了土壤磷水平。与此相应，土壤细菌群落的响应也具有区域特异性：青藏高原地区狼毒土壤中多种固氮菌（如慢生根瘤菌属、中慢生根瘤菌属、叶杆菌属）的相对丰度增加，且与土壤氮含量呈正相关，但在内蒙古高原地区未观测到此趋势。冗余分析表明，土壤铵态氮与在属水平参与土壤氮循环的细菌显著关联；路径分析模型进一步揭示，在青藏高原地区狼毒通过促进土壤氮循环细菌来增加土壤氮含量，而在内蒙古高原地区，狼毒的存在未引起基于氮的土壤变化。此外，内蒙古高原地区狼毒土壤磷的增加并非源于磷循环细菌相对丰度的上升，推测可能与真菌互作等其他途径有关。综上所述，狼毒在两个区域不同草原生态系统中对土壤产生了差异化的影响。我们推测，狼毒可能具备对土壤条件的可塑性响应能力，这使其土壤效应表现出环境依赖性。本研究首次阐明，狼毒通过差异化调控不同区域土壤的氮磷养分及其相关菌群，形成适应性策略，从而促进其在不同地区的草原上扩张。

Abstract

Stellera chamaejasme is a pernicious plant of grasslands in China. Its expansion has been linked to changes in the soil microbial community structure and to nitrogen accumulation. Increased nitrogen availability may enhance competitiveness of the weed and disrupt plant community structure. We sought to establish whether presence of this species evokes the same changes to soil properties and microbiome community structure in regions with divergent native soil properties. For this, we compared soil samples collected from under native vegetation (controls) with those taken from beneath S. chamaejasme plants in grasslands of eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QT) and the middle Inner Mongolia Plateau (IM). In QT, soil beneath S. chamaejasme contained higher nitrogen levels than controls, but not phosphorus. In contrast, S. chamaejasme and control soil samples from IM did not differ in nitrogen content, but S. chamaejasme soil samples had raised soil P. Soil bacterial community responses to S. chamaejasme also differed between regions. S. chamaejasme soils from QT had increased relative abundances of some diazotrophs (Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Phyllobacterium) that positively correlated with soil nitrogen but no similar tends were detected in IM soils. Redundancy analysis revealed significant associations between soil ammonium and bacterial genera implicated in soil N-cycles. In QT, modelling suggested that S. chamaejasme increased N-cycling soil bacteria linked to increased available nitrogen. However, in IM soil N-cycling soil bacteria and soil nitrogen levels were unaffected by S. chamaejasme and its presence did not link to N-based soil changes. We conclude that S. chamaejasme evokes different changes to the native soils of these two regions. We postulate that S. chamaejasme may exhibit plasticity in response to soil conditions it encounters and that this may be one reason for its soil impact being context dependent. This divergent interaction between S. chamaejasme and host soils may facilitate further expansion of its current range.

Keywords: Stellera chamaejasme soil ammonium and nitrate diazotrophs Qinghai–Tibet plateau soil phosphorus Inner Mongolia plateau

Online: 29 January 2026

Fund:

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (32401495 and 32371776), the China Forage and Grass Research System CARS (CARS-34), the Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education (2023) in Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, and the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council exchange grant (BB/M027945/1).

About author: Wei He, E-mail: hewei.scu@gmail.com; Jiahuan Li, E-mail: lijhecol@163.com; #Correspondence Lizhu Guo, E-mail: ellenguo@sina.cn; Kejian Lin, Email: linkejian@caas.cn *These authors contributed equally to this study.

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Wei He, Jiahuan Li, John Scullion, Na Li, Congcong Xu, Jun Luo, Mike Wilkinson, Lifen Hao, Yuyu Li, Kejian Lin, Lizhu Guo. 2026. Stellera chamaejasme L. induced changes to soil in Chinese grasslands vary with context and location. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.01.041

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