Arzey G G, Kirkland P D, Arzey K E, Frost M, Maywood P, Conaty S, Hurt A C, Deng Y M, Iannello P, Barr I, Dwyer D E, Ratnamohan M, McPhie K, Selleck P. 2012. Influenza virus A (H10N7) in chickens and poultry abattoir workers, Australia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18, 814–816.

Bodewes R, Zohari S, Krog J S, Hall M D, Harder T C, Bestebroer T M, van de Bildt M W G, Spronken M I, Larsen L E, Siebert U, Wohlsein P, Puff C, Seehusen F, Baumgartner W, Harkonen T, Smits S L, Herfst S, Osterhaus A, Fouchier R A M, Koopmans M P, et al. 2016. Spatiotemporal analysis of the genetic diversity of seal influenza A (H10N7) virus, northwestern Europe. Journal of Virology, 90, 4269–4277.

Brzeski H, Kennedy S I. 1978. Synthesis of alphavirus-specified RNA. Journal of Virology, 25, 630–640.

Chen G W, Kuo S M, Yang S L, Gong Y N, Hsiao M R, Liu Y C, Shih S R, Tsao K C. 2016. Genomic signatures for Avian H7N9 viruses adapting to humans. PLoS ONE, 11, e0148432.

Chen H, Bright R A, Subbarao K, Smith C, Cox N J, Katz J M, Matsuoka Y. 2007. Polygenic virulence factors involved in pathogenesis of 1997 Hong Kong H5N1 influenza viruses in mice. Virus Research, 128, 159–163.

Chen H, Yuan H, Gao R, Zhang J, Wang D, Xiong Y, Fan G, Yang F, Li X, Zhou J, Zou S, Yang L, Chen T, Dong L, Bo H, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Lan Y, Bai T, Dong J, et al. 2014. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of a fatal case of avian influenza A H10N8 virus infection: A descriptive study. The Lancet, 383, 714–721.

Deng G, Shi J, Wang J, Kong H, Cui P, Zhang F, Tan D, Suzuki Y, Liu L, Jiang Y, Guan Y, Chen H. 2015. Genetics, Receptor binding, and virulence in mice of H10N8 influenza viruses isolated from ducks and chickens in live poultry markets in China. Journal of Virology, 89, 6506–6510.

Deng G, Tan D, Shi J, Cui P, Jiang Y, Liu L, Tian G, Kawaoka Y, Li C, Chen H. 2013. Complex reassortment of multiple subtypes of avian influenza viruses in domestic ducks at the Dongting Lake Region of China. Journal of Virology, 87, 9452–9462.

Drummond A J, Suchard M A, Xie D, Rambaut A. 2012. Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 29, 1969–1973.

Feldmann H, Kretzschmar E, Klingeborn B, Rott R, Klenk H D, Garten W. 1988. The structure of serotype H10 hemagglutinin of influenza A virus: Comparison of an apathogenic avian and a mammalian strain pathogenic for mink. Virology, 165, 428–437.

Fu X, Huang Y, Fang B, Liu Y, Cai M, Zhong R, Huang J, Wenbao Q, Tian Y, Zhang G. 2020. Evidence of H10N8 influenza virus infection among swine in southern China and its infectivity and transmissibility in swine. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 9, 88–94.

Guo Y, Ding P, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Yu M, Suzuki Y, Zhang H, Ping J. 2022. Genetic and biological properties of H10N3 avian influenza viruses: A potential pandemic candidate? Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 69, e3171–e3182.

Hatta M, Gao P, Halfmann P, Kawaoka Y. 2001. Molecular basis for high virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses. Science, 293, 1840–1842.

Hoffmann E, Stech J, Guan Y, Webster R G, Perez D R. 2001. Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses. Archives of Virology, 146, 2275–2289.

Hu M, Yuan S, Zhang K, Singh K, Ma Q, Zhou J, Chu H, Zheng B J. 2017. PB2 substitutions V598T/I increase the virulence of H7N9 influenza A virus in mammals. Virology, 501, 92–101.

Huang X, Zheng M, Wang P, Mok B W, Liu S, Lau S Y, Chen P, Liu Y C, Liu H, Chen Y, Song W, Yuen K Y, Chen H. 2017. An NS-segment exonic splicing enhancer regulates influenza A virus replication in mammalian cells. Nature Communications, 8, 14751.

Huang Y, Li X, Zhang H, Chen B, Jiang Y, Yang L, Zhu W, Hu S, Zhou S, Tang Y, Xiang X, Li F, Li W, Gao L. 2015. Human infection with an avian influenza A (H9N2) virus in the middle region of China. Journal of Medical Virology, 87, 1641–1648.

Kong H, Ma S, Wang J, Gu C, Wang Z, Shi J, Deng G, Guan Y, Chen H. 2019. Identification of key amino acids in the PB2 and M1 proteins of H7N9 influenza virus that affect its transmission in Guinea pigs. Journal of Virology, 94, e01180–e01119.

Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. 2018. MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 1547–1549.

Li B, Su G, Xiao C, Zhang J, Li H, Sun N, Lao G, Yu Y, Ren X, Qi W, Wang X, Liao M. 2022. The PB2 co-adaptation of H10N8 avian influenza virus increases the pathogenicity to chickens and mice. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 69, 1794–1803.

Li C, Chen H. 2014. Enhancement of influenza virus transmission by gene reassortment. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 385, 185–204.

Li C, Chen H. 2021. H7N9 influenza virus in China. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 11, a038349.

Li Z, Chen H, Jiao P, Deng G, Tian G, Li Y, Hoffmann E, Webster R G, Matsuoka Y, Yu K. 2005. Molecular basis of replication of duck H5N1 influenza viruses in a mammalian mouse model. Journal of Virology, 79, 12058–12064.

Liu K, Ding P, Pei Y, Gao R, Han W, Zheng H, Ji Z, Cai M, Gu J, Li X, Gu M, Hu J, Liu X, Hu S, Zhang P, Wang X, Wang X, Liu X. 2022. Emergence of a novel reassortant avian influenza virus (H10N3) in Eastern China with high pathogenicity and respiratory droplet transmissibility to mammals. Science China Life Sciences, 65, 1024–1035.

Matrosovich M, Tuzikov A, Bovin N, Gambaryan A, Klimov A, Castrucci M R, Donatelli I, Kawaoka Y. 2000. Early alterations of the receptor-binding properties of H1, H2, and H3 avian influenza virus hemagglutinins after their introduction into mammals. Journal of Virology, 74, 8502–8512.

Mosaad Z, Arafa A, Hussein H A, Shalaby M A. 2018. In silico thermodynamic stability of mammalian adaptation and virulence determinants in polymerase complex proteins of H9N2 virus. Journal of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, 16, 757–767.

Naguib M M, Hagag N, El-Sanousi A A, Hussein H A, Arafa A S. 2016. The matrix gene of influenza A H5N1 in Egypt, 2006–2016: Molecular insights and distribution of amantadine-resistant variants. Virus Genes, 52, 872–876.

Neumann G, Macken C A, Kawaoka Y. 2014. Identification of amino acid changes that may have been critical for the genesis of A (H7N9) influenza viruses. Journal of Virology, 88, 4877–4896.

Pu J, Sun H, Qu Y, Wang C, Gao W, Zhu J, Sun Y, Bi Y, Huang Y, Chang K C, Cui J, Liu J. 2017. M gene reassortment in H9N2 influenza virus promotes early infection and replication: Contribution to rising virus prevalence in chickens in China. Journal of Virology, 91, e02055–16.

Qi X, Qiu H, Hao S, Zhu F, Huang Y, Xu K, Yu H, Wang D, Zhou L, Dai Q, Zhou Y, Wang S, Huang H, Yu S, Huo X, Chen K, Liu J, Hu J, Wu M, Bao C. 2022. Human infection with an avian-origin influenza A (H10N3) virus. New England Journal of Medicine, 386, 1087–1088.

Rambaut A, Drummond A J, Xie D, Baele G, Suchard M A. 2018. Posterior summarization in bayesian phylogenetics using tracer 1.7. Systematic Biology, 67, 901–904.

Su S, Qi W, Zhou P, Xiao C, Yan Z, Cui J, Jia K, Zhang G, Gray G C, Liao M, Li S. 2014. First evidence of H10N8 avian influenza virus infections among feral dogs in live poultry markets in Guangdong Province, China. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 59, 748–750.

Tang W, Li X, Tang L, Wang T, He G. 2021. Characterization of the low-pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza virus in Shanghai, China. Poultry Science, 100, 565–574.

Tzarum N, de Vries R P, Zhu X, Yu W, McBride R, Paulson J C, Wilson I A. 2015. Structure and receptor binding of the hemagglutinin from a human H6N1 influenza virus. Cell Host & Microbe, 17, 369–376.

Wang Y, Niu S, Zhang B, Yang C, Zhou Z. 2021. The whole genome analysis for the first human infection with H10N3 influenza virus in China. Journal of Infection, S0163-4453, 00318–12.

Wang Y, Wang M, Zhang H, Zhao C, Zhang Y, He G, Deng G, Cui P, Li Y, Liu W, Shen J, Sun X, Wang W, Zeng X, Li Y, Chu D, Peng P, Guo J, Chen H, Li X. 2022. Emergence, evolution, and biological characteristics of H10N4 and H10N8 avian influenza viruses in migratory wild birds detected in Eastern China in 2020. Microbiology Spectrum, 10, e0080722.

Wu H, Lu R, Wu X, Peng X, Xu L, Cheng L, Lu X, Jin C, Xie T, Yao H, Wu N. 2015. Isolation and characterization of a novel H10N2 avian influenza virus from a domestic duck in Eastern China. Infection Genetics and Evolution, 29, 1–5.

Xiao C, Ma W, Sun N, Huang L, Li Y, Zeng Z, Wen Y, Zhang Z, Li H, Li Q, Yu Y, Zheng Y, Liu S, Hu P, Zhang X, Ning Z, Qi W, Liao M. 2016. PB2-588 V promotes the mammalian adaptation of H10N8, H7N9 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses. Scientific Reports, 6, 19474.

Xu G, Zhang X, Gao W, Wang C, Wang J, Sun H, Sun Y, Guo L, Zhang R, Chang K C, Liu J, Pu J. 2016. Prevailing PA Mutation K356R in avian Influenza H9N2 virus increases mammalian replication and pathogenicity. Journal of Virology, 90, 8105–8114.

Yin X, Deng G, Zeng X, Cui P, Hou Y, Liu Y, Fang J, Pan S, Wang D, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Tian G, Li Y, Chen Y, Liu L, Suzuki Y, Guan Y, Li C, Shi J, Chen H. 2021. Genetic and biological properties of H7N9 avian influenza viruses detected after application of the H7N9 poultry vaccine in China. PLoS Pathogens, 17, e1009561.

Zhang H, Xu B, Chen Q, Chen J, Chen Z. 2011. Characterization of an H10N8 influenza virus isolated from Dongting lake wetland. Virology Journal, 8, 42.

Zhang J, Huang L, Chen Y, Wang X, Liao M, Qi W. 2021. Avian influenza H10 subtype viruses continuously pose threat to public health in China. Journal of Infection, 83, 607–635.

Zhang M, Zhang X, Xu K, Teng Q, Liu Q, Li X, Yang J, Xu J, Chen H, Zhang X, Li Z. 2016. Characterization of the pathogenesis of H10N3, H10N7, and H10N8 subtype avian influenza viruses circulating in ducks. Scientific Reports, 6, 34489.

Zhang T, Bi Y, Tian H, Li X, Liu D, Wu Y, Jin T, Wang Y, Chen Q, Chen Z, Chang J, Gao G F, Xu B. 2014. Human infection with influenza virus A (H10N8) from live poultry markets, China, 2014. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20, 2076–2079.

Zhang T, Du H, Guo L, Liu F, Su H, Yang F. 2021. Identifying novel amino acid substitutions of hemagglutinin involved in virulence enhancement in H7N9 virus strains. Virology Journal, 18, 14.

Zhang W, Wan J G, Qian K J, Liu X Q, Xiao Z K, Sun J, Zeng Z G, Wang Q, Zhang J X, Jiang G H, Nie C, Jiang R, Ding C Z, Li R, Horby P, Gao Z C. 2014. Clinical characteristics of human infection with a novel avian-origin influenza A (H10N8) virus. Chinese Medical Journal, 127, 3238–3242.

Zhang X, Xu G, Wang C, Jiang M, Gao W, Wang M, Sun H, Sun Y, Chang K C, Liu J, Pu J. 2017. Enhanced pathogenicity and neurotropism of mouse-adapted H10N7 influenza virus are mediated by novel PB2 and NA mutations. Journal of General Virology, 98, 1185–1195.

Zhang Y, Shi J, Cui P, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Hou Y, Liu L, Jiang Y, Guan Y, Chen H, Kong H, Deng G. 2023. Genetic analysis and biological characterization of H10N3 influenza A viruses isolated in China from 2014 to 2021. Journal of Medical Virology, 95, e28476.

Zhang Y, Zhao C, Hou Y, Chen Y, Meng F, Zhuang Y, Liu L, Suzuki Y, Shi J, Deng G, Chen H. 2021. Pandemic threat posed by H3N2 avian influenza virus. Science China Life Sciences, 64, 1984–1987.

Zhong G, Le M Q, Lopes T J S, Halfmann P, Hatta M, Fan S, Neumann G, Kawaoka Y. 2018. Mutations in the PA protein of avian H5N1 influenza viruses affect polymerase activity and mouse virulence. Journal of Virology, 92, e01557–17.

Zohari S, Neimanis A, Harkonen T, Moraeus C, Valarcher J F. 2014. Avian influenza A (H10N7) virus involvement in mass mortality of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in Sweden, March through October 2014. Euro Surveillance, 19, 20967.