Special Issue:
棉花合辑Cotton
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Growth and yield responses to simulated hail damage in drip-irrigated cotton |
WANG Le, LIU Yang, WEN Ming, LI Ming-hua, DONG Zhi-qiang, CUI Jing, MA Fu-yu |
Agricultural College, Shihezi University/National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Information Management and Application Technology for Modern Agricultural Production (XPCC), Shihezi 832003, P.R.China |
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摘要
为明确不同生育时期受灾对棉花恢复生长及产量的影响,本研究于2018-2019年,以鲁棉研24号为供试材料,采用自制工具拍打法从棉花五叶期至吐絮期每隔约15天(同一地块只进行一次损害处理)进行4种程度(0%、30%、60%和90%),共计六次(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ)的雹灾模拟试验,获取受灾后植株叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累与分配、产量及吐絮铃空间分布图。研究结果表明,棉花籽棉产量随受灾程度的增加而下降,降幅随受灾时期的推迟而增大,其中在花后(第Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ时期),30%、60%和90%受灾程度的产量比0%受灾程度分别减少9%-17%、22%-37%和48%-71%。这是由于棉花受雹灾损害后植株叶面积指数和光合势下降,导致干物质积累量减少,但由于棉花的无限生长习性,花前(第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ时期)受灾后营养器官产生较强的补偿能力进而促使蕾铃发育,仅植株中上部及外围果节的吐絮铃受到影响,造成较少的产量损失;花后受灾后营养器官补偿能力下降、恢复时间短,不足以促进新生铃发育、成熟,导致有效果枝数及各果节吐絮铃数下降,造成较大的产量损失。因此,花前受灾后补救措施应以促蕾铃发育为主,促叶片发育为辅;花后受灾后补救应以保铃、促叶片发育为主。本文从灾后植株叶面积指数、光合势、地上生物量积累与分配等方面研究棉花受雹灾损害后的恢复生长及其对最终产量的影响,该研究结果可为减灾、制定灾后管理方案及产量预测提供理论依据。
Abstract The frequent occurrence of hailstorm in Xinjiang affects cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production and causes enormous economic loss. The indeterminate growth habit of cotton allows for varying degrees of recovery and yield when different hail damage levels occur at different stages, which brings inconvenience to agricultural insurance claims and post-damage management. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate cotton recovery and yield responses to different levels of simulated hail damage at different growth stages. Four levels of hail damage (0, 30, 60, and 90%) were simulated every 15 d from the five-leaf stage to the boll opening stage in 2018 and 2019, for a total of six times (I, II, III, IV, V, and VI). The results showed that seed cotton yield decreased as the damage level increased and yield reduction increased when the damage was applied to older plants (for 30, 60 and 90% damage levels, yield reduction was 9–17%, 22–37% and 48–71%, respectively). One possible reason was that the leaf area index and leaf area duration of plant canopy decreased after hail damage, resulting in a reduction in the accumulation of above-ground biomass. However, when hail damage occurred before bloom, due to the indeterminate growth habit of cotton, the vegetative organs produced a strong compensation ability that promoted the bud development. The compensation ability of vegetative organs decreased when hail damage occurred after bloom and the recovery time was too short to promote new boll maturity. As the first study to understand the recovery of cotton after hail damage, it analyzed the leaf area index, leaf area duration, above-ground biomass accumulation and yield, rather than the yield alone. The findings are of great importance for cotton production as they inform decisions about post-damage management practices, yield forecasts and insurance compensation.
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Received: 27 October 2020
Accepted: 18 March 2021
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Fund: This study was supported by the Key Technologies and System Construction of Big Data in Main Links of Cotton Production of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, China (XPCC) (2018Aa00400), the Financial Science and Technology Plan Project of XPCC, China (2020Ab017), the Financial Science and Technology Plan Project of Shihezi City, China (2020ZD01) and the Autonomous Region Postgraduate Research and Innovation Project, China (XJ2019G082).
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About author: Correspondence MA Fu-yu, E-mail: mfy_agr@shzu.edu.cn; LIU Yang, E-mail: ly.0318@163.com |
Cite this article:
WANG Le, LIU Yang, WEN Ming, LI Ming-hua, DONG Zhi-qiang, CUI Jing, MA Fu-yu.
2022.
Growth and yield responses to simulated hail damage in drip-irrigated cotton. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 21(8): 2241-2252.
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