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| Nitrogen Use Efficiency as Affected by Phosphorus and Potassium in Long-Term Rice and Wheat Experiments |
| DUAN Ying-hua, SHI Xiao-jun, LI Shuang-lai, SUN Xi-fa , HE Xin-hua |
1、Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China
2、College of Resources and Environment, Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing 400716, P.R.China
3、Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, P.R.China
4、Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, P.R.China
5、School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia |
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摘要 Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and decreasing N loss are critical to sustainable agriculture. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of various fertilization regimes on yield, NUE, N agronomic efficiency (NAE) and N loss in long-term (16- or 24-yr) experiments carried out at three rice-wheat rotation sites (Chongqing, Suining and Wuchang) in subtropical China. Three treatments were examined: sole chemical N, N+phosphorus (NP), and NP+potassium (NPK) fertilizations. Grain yields at three sites were significantly increased by 9.3-81.6% (rice) and 54.5-93.8% (wheat) under NP compared with N alone, 1.7-9.8% (rice) and 0-17.6% (wheat) with NPK compared with NP. Compared to NP, NUE significantly increased for wheat at Chongqing (9.3%) and Wuchang (11.8%), but not at Suining, China. No changes in NUE were observed in rice between NP and NPK at all three sites. The rice-wheat rotation’s NAE was 3.3 kg kg-1 higher under NPK than under NP at Chongqing, while NAE was similar for NP and NPK at Suining and Wuchang. We estimated that an uptake increase of 1.0 kg N ha-1 would increase 40 kg rice and 30 kg wheat ha-1. Nitrogen loss/input ratios were ~60, ~40 or ~30% under N, NP or NPK at three sites, indicating significant decrease of N loss by P or PK additions. We attribute part of the increase in NUE soil N accumulation which significantly increased by 25-55 kg ha-1 yr-1 under NPK at three sites, whereas by 35 kg ha-1 yr-1 under NP at Chongqing only. This paper illustrates that apply P and K to wheat, and reduce K application to rice is an effective nutrient management strategy for both the NUE improvement and N losses reduction in China.
Abstract Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and decreasing N loss are critical to sustainable agriculture. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of various fertilization regimes on yield, NUE, N agronomic efficiency (NAE) and N loss in long-term (16- or 24-yr) experiments carried out at three rice-wheat rotation sites (Chongqing, Suining and Wuchang) in subtropical China. Three treatments were examined: sole chemical N, N+phosphorus (NP), and NP+potassium (NPK) fertilizations. Grain yields at three sites were significantly increased by 9.3-81.6% (rice) and 54.5-93.8% (wheat) under NP compared with N alone, 1.7-9.8% (rice) and 0-17.6% (wheat) with NPK compared with NP. Compared to NP, NUE significantly increased for wheat at Chongqing (9.3%) and Wuchang (11.8%), but not at Suining, China. No changes in NUE were observed in rice between NP and NPK at all three sites. The rice-wheat rotation’s NAE was 3.3 kg kg-1 higher under NPK than under NP at Chongqing, while NAE was similar for NP and NPK at Suining and Wuchang. We estimated that an uptake increase of 1.0 kg N ha-1 would increase 40 kg rice and 30 kg wheat ha-1. Nitrogen loss/input ratios were ~60, ~40 or ~30% under N, NP or NPK at three sites, indicating significant decrease of N loss by P or PK additions. We attribute part of the increase in NUE soil N accumulation which significantly increased by 25-55 kg ha-1 yr-1 under NPK at three sites, whereas by 35 kg ha-1 yr-1 under NP at Chongqing only. This paper illustrates that apply P and K to wheat, and reduce K application to rice is an effective nutrient management strategy for both the NUE improvement and N losses reduction in China.
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Received: 09 October 2013
Accepted:
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| Fund: Financial supports are from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41001175), the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB100501) and the Special Basic Research Fund for Public Institutes in China (202-2). |
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Corresponding Authors:
DUAN Ying-hua, Tel: +86-10-82108661, E-mail: duanyinghua@caas.cn; HE Xin-hua, Tel: +61-2-88431164, E-mail: xhhe@caas.ac.cn
E-mail: duanyinghua@caas.cn;xhhe@caas.ac.cn
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| About author: DUAN Ying-hua, Tel: +86-10-82108661, E-mail: duanyinghua@caas.cn |
Cite this article:
DUAN Ying-hua, SHI Xiao-jun, LI Shuang-lai, SUN Xi-fa , HE Xin-hua.
2014.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency as Affected by Phosphorus and Potassium in Long-Term Rice and Wheat Experiments. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(3): 588-596.
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