|
|
|
|
|
| The Effects of Three Mineral Nitrogen Sources and Zinc on Maize and Wheat Straw Decomposition and Soil Organic Carbon |
| Ogunniyi Jumoke Esther, GUO Chun-hui, TIAN Xiao-hong, LI Hong-yun, ZHOU Yang-xue |
| College of Natural Resources and Environment/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.China |
|
|
|
摘要 The incorporation of straw in cultivated fields can potentially improve soil quality and crop yield. However, the presence of recalcitrant carbon compounds in straw slow its decomposition rate. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different nitrogen sources, with and without the application of zinc, on straw decomposition and soil quality. Soils were treated with three different nitrogen sources, with and without zinc: urea (CO(NH2)2), ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). The combined treatments were as follows: maize (M) and wheat (W) straw incorporated into urea-, ammonium sulfate-, or ammonium chloride-treated soil (U, S, and C, respectively) with and without zinc (Z) (MU, MUZ, WU, WUZ; MS, MSZ, WS, WSZ; MC, MCZ, WC, WCZ, respectively); straw with zinc only (MZ, WZ); straw with untreated soil (MS, WS); and soil-only or control conditions (NT). The experiment consisted of 17 treatments with four replications. Each pot contained 150 g soil and 1.125 g straw, had a moisture content of 80% of the field capacity, and was incubated for 53 days at 25°C. The rates of CO2-C emission, cumulative CO2-C evolution, total CO2 production in the soils of different treatments were measured to infer decomposition rates. The total organic carbon (TOC), labile organic carbon (LOC), and soil microbial biomass in the soils of different treatments were measured to infer soil quality. All results were significantly different (P<0.05) with the exception of the labile organic carbon (LOC). The maize and wheat straw showed different patterns in CO2 evolution rates. For both straw types, Zn had a synergic effect with U, but an antagonistic effect with the other N sources as determined by the total CO2 produced. The MUZ treatment showed the highest decomposition rate and cumulative CO2 concentration (1 120.29 mg/pot), whereas the WACZ treatment had the lowest cumulative CO2 concentration (1 040.57 mg/pot). The addition of NH4Cl resulted in the highest total organic carbon (TOC) concentration (11.59 mg kg-1). The incorporation of wheat straw resulted in higher microbial biomass accumulation in soils relative to that of the maize straw application. The results demonstrate that mineral N sources can affect the ability of microorganisms to decompose straw, as well as the soil carbon concentrations.
Abstract The incorporation of straw in cultivated fields can potentially improve soil quality and crop yield. However, the presence of recalcitrant carbon compounds in straw slow its decomposition rate. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different nitrogen sources, with and without the application of zinc, on straw decomposition and soil quality. Soils were treated with three different nitrogen sources, with and without zinc: urea (CO(NH2)2), ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). The combined treatments were as follows: maize (M) and wheat (W) straw incorporated into urea-, ammonium sulfate-, or ammonium chloride-treated soil (U, S, and C, respectively) with and without zinc (Z) (MU, MUZ, WU, WUZ; MS, MSZ, WS, WSZ; MC, MCZ, WC, WCZ, respectively); straw with zinc only (MZ, WZ); straw with untreated soil (MS, WS); and soil-only or control conditions (NT). The experiment consisted of 17 treatments with four replications. Each pot contained 150 g soil and 1.125 g straw, had a moisture content of 80% of the field capacity, and was incubated for 53 days at 25°C. The rates of CO2-C emission, cumulative CO2-C evolution, total CO2 production in the soils of different treatments were measured to infer decomposition rates. The total organic carbon (TOC), labile organic carbon (LOC), and soil microbial biomass in the soils of different treatments were measured to infer soil quality. All results were significantly different (P<0.05) with the exception of the labile organic carbon (LOC). The maize and wheat straw showed different patterns in CO2 evolution rates. For both straw types, Zn had a synergic effect with U, but an antagonistic effect with the other N sources as determined by the total CO2 produced. The MUZ treatment showed the highest decomposition rate and cumulative CO2 concentration (1 120.29 mg/pot), whereas the WACZ treatment had the lowest cumulative CO2 concentration (1 040.57 mg/pot). The addition of NH4Cl resulted in the highest total organic carbon (TOC) concentration (11.59 mg kg-1). The incorporation of wheat straw resulted in higher microbial biomass accumulation in soils relative to that of the maize straw application. The results demonstrate that mineral N sources can affect the ability of microorganisms to decompose straw, as well as the soil carbon concentrations.
|
|
Received: 13 January 2013
Accepted:
|
| Fund: This research was supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period(2012BAD14B11), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41371288, 31071863), and the Fundamental Research Funds for Northwest A&F University, China (QN2011074). |
|
Corresponding Authors:
TIAN Xiao-hong, Mobile: 13572940885, Fax: +86-29-87080055, E-mail: txhong@hotmail.com, txhong@nwsuaf.edu.cn
|
| About author: * These authors contributed equally to this study. |
Cite this article:
Ogunniyi Jumoke Esther, GUO Chun-hui, TIAN Xiao-hong, LI Hong-yun, ZHOU Yang-xue.
2014.
The Effects of Three Mineral Nitrogen Sources and Zinc on Maize and Wheat Straw Decomposition and Soil Organic Carbon. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(12): 2768-2777.
|
| Abro S A, Tian X H, Wang X D, Wu F Q, Kuyide J E. 2011.Decomposition characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.)straw with different carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratiosunder various moisture regimes. African Journal ofBiotechnology, 10, 10149-10156Ajwa H A, Tabatabai M A 1994. Decomposition of differentorganic materials in soils. Biology Fertility Soils, 18,175-182Bowen R M, Harper S H T. 1990. Decomposition of wheatstraw and related compounds by fungi isolated from strawin arable soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 22, 393-399Brookes P C, Landman A, Pruden G, Jenkinson D S. 1985.Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil-nitrogen:A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbialbiomass nitrogen in soil. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 17,837-842Cayuela M L, Sinicco T, Mondini C. 2009. Mineralizationdynamics and biochemical properties during initialdecomposition of plant and animal residues in soil. AppliedSoil Ecology, 41, 118-127Chan K Y, Bowman A, Oates A. 2001. Oxidizable organiccarbon fractions and soil quality changes in an oxicPaleustalf under different pasture leys. Soil Science, 166,61-67Chen H, Norbet B, Karl S, Yakov K. 2007. Effect of nitrogenand intensive mixing on decomposition of C labeled maize(Zea mays L.) residue in soils of different land use types.Tillage Research, 96, 114-123Demetz M, Insam H. 1999. Phosphorus availability in a forestsoil determined with a respiratory assay compared tochemical methods. Geoderma, 89, 259-271Dilly O. 1999. Nitrogen and phosphorus requirement of themicrobiota in soils of the Bornhöved lake district. Plantand Soil, 212, 175-183Fontaine S, Mariotti A, Abbadie L. 2003. The priming effectof organic matter: a question of microbial competition?Soil Biology Biochemistry, 35, 837-843Fran H, Dan M, Jessica S. 2011. Labile carbon. LIEBE GroupNewsletter, 14, 10-11Gaind S, Lata N. 2007. Chemical and biological properties ofwheat soil in response to paddy straw incorporation andbiodegradation by fungal inoculants. Biodegradation, 18,495-503Graeme J B, Rod D B, Lefroy L, Leanne L. 1995. Soilcarbon fraction based on their degree of oxidation, andthe development of a carbon management index foragricultural system. Australia Journal of Agriculture, 46,1459-1466Han W, He M. 2010. The application of exogenous cellulose toimprove soil fertility and plant growth due to accelerationof straw decomposition. Bioresource Technology, 10,3724-3731Henriksen T M, Breland T A. 1999. Nitrogen availabilityeffects on carbon mineralization, fungal and bacteriagrowth and enzyme activities during decomposition ofwheat straw in soil. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 31, 1121-1134Hoyle F C, Murphy D V. 2006. Seasonal changes in microbialfunction and diversity associated with stubble retentionversus burning. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 44,407-423Kuan M G. 2004. Carbon sequestration and stabilization insoils: implications for soil productivity and climate change.Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 50, 467-476Lal R, Follet R F, Kimble J, Cole C V. 1999. Managing UScropland to sequester carbon in soil. Journal of Soil WaterConservation, 54, 374-381Li P, Zhang D D, Wang X J, Wang X J, Cui Z J. 2012. Survivaland performance of two cellulose-degrading microbialsystems inoculated into wheat straw-amended soil. Journalof Microbiology and Biotechnology, 22, 126-132Li P P, Wang X J, Yuan X F, Wand X F, Cao Y Z, Cui Z J.2011. Screening of a composite microbiol system and itscharacteristics of wheat straw degradation. AgricultureSciences in China, 10, 1586-1594Loginow W, Wisniewski W, Gonet S S, Ciescinska B. 1987.Fractionation of organic carbon based on susceptibility tooxidation. Polish Journal of Soil Science, 20, 47-52Nelson D W, Sommers L E. 1996. Total carbon, organiccarbon and organic matter. In: Spark D L, ed., Methodsof Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods. Wisconsin,USA. pp. 961-1010Ortiz Escobar M E, Hue N V. 2008. Temporal changes ofselected chemical properties in three manure - amendedsoils of Hawaii. Bioresource and Technology, 99, 8649-8654Potthoff M, Dyckmans J, Flessa H, Muhs A, Beese F,Joergensen R G. 2005. Dynamics of maize (Zea maysL.) leaf straw mineralization as affected by the presenceof soil and the availability of nitrogen. Soil Biology andBiochemistry, 37, 1259-1266Shindo H, Nishio T. 2005. Immobilization and remineralizationof N transformation rates by 15N- ammonium isotopedilution technique. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 37,425-432Sunita G, Lata N. 2007. Chemical and biological properties ofwheat soil in response to paddy straw incorporation andits biodegradation by fungal inoculants. Biodegradation,18, 495-503Stevenson F J. 1986. Cycles of Soil: Carbon, Nitrogen,Phosphorus, Sulfur, Micronutrients. John Willey & Sons,New York, NY.Stine M A, Weil R R. 2002. The relationship between soilquality and crop productivity across three tillage systemsin south central Honduras. American Journal of AlternativeAgriculture, 17, 1-8 Tejada M, Gonzalez J L, Garcia-Martinez A M, ParradoJ. 2008. Application green manure and green manurecomposted with beet vinasse on soil restoration: Effects onsoil properties. Bioresource Technology, 99, 4949-4957Vance E D, Brookes P C, Jenkinson D S. 1987. An extractionmethod for measuring soil microbial biomass carbon. SoilBiology and Biochemistry, 19, 703-707Wang J G, Bakken L R. 1997. Competition for nitrogenduring decomposition of plant residues: Effect of spatialplacement of N-rich and N-poor plant residues. SoilBiology and Biochemistry, 29, 153-162Wang L G, Jiu J J, Tang H J, Hu L, Li C S, Eric V R.2008. Modeling soil organic carbon dynamics he majoragricultural regions of China. Geoderma, 147, 47-55Zhang Q Z, Yang Z L, Wu W L. 2008. Role of crop residuemanagement in sustainable agricultural development inthe North China Plain. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture,32, 137-148Zibilske L M. 1994. Carbon decomposition. In: Weaver A S,Bottomlry P, Bezdiecek D, Smith S, Tabatabai A, WollumA. eds., Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Microbial andBiochemical Properties. SSSA. Madison, WI. |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
