|
|
|
Effect of Graded Levels of Fiber from Alfalfa Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Flow of Fattening Pigs |
CHEN Liang, GAO Li-xiang , ZHANG Hong-fu |
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R.China |
|
|
摘要 The fiber level and composition have an important effect on nutrient digestibility of swine diets. Little information is known about the effects of fiber level and composition from alfalfa meal on nutrient digestibility of fattening pigs fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of alfalfa fiber on the growth performance, intestinal nutrient flow and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients in fattening pigs. 24 barrows (Duroc×(Large White×Landrace), body weight=(60.6±0.7) kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 1 pig per replicate. The pigs were provided a control diet or a diet containing 5, 10 or 20% of alfalfa meal during a 14-d experiment period. Average daily gain (ADG) and the ATTD of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and gross energy (GE) reduced linearly as the level of alfalfa meal in the diet increased (P<0.01). The total tract flow of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and GE increased with the increase in dietary alfalfa (linear, P<0.05). Growth performance and nutrient digestion were not affected by inclusion of 5% alfalfa meal in the diet (P>0.05). A multiple linear regression analysis, taking into account both soluble and insoluble fiber intake, explained approximately 70% of the variation in the ATTD of DM, OM, NDF, and GE (P<0.01). In conclusion, alfalfa meal should be limited to less than 5% of the diet in fattening pigs to maximize growth performance and nutrient digestion. Soluble and insoluble fiber from alfalfa meal has the differential roles in nutrient digestion, which may help explain the main variation observed in nutrient digestibility. These findings suggest that knowledge of specific fiber components is necessary to accurately predict the effects of dietary fiber on nutrient digestibility.
Abstract The fiber level and composition have an important effect on nutrient digestibility of swine diets. Little information is known about the effects of fiber level and composition from alfalfa meal on nutrient digestibility of fattening pigs fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of alfalfa fiber on the growth performance, intestinal nutrient flow and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients in fattening pigs. 24 barrows (Duroc×(Large White×Landrace), body weight=(60.6±0.7) kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 1 pig per replicate. The pigs were provided a control diet or a diet containing 5, 10 or 20% of alfalfa meal during a 14-d experiment period. Average daily gain (ADG) and the ATTD of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and gross energy (GE) reduced linearly as the level of alfalfa meal in the diet increased (P<0.01). The total tract flow of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and GE increased with the increase in dietary alfalfa (linear, P<0.05). Growth performance and nutrient digestion were not affected by inclusion of 5% alfalfa meal in the diet (P>0.05). A multiple linear regression analysis, taking into account both soluble and insoluble fiber intake, explained approximately 70% of the variation in the ATTD of DM, OM, NDF, and GE (P<0.01). In conclusion, alfalfa meal should be limited to less than 5% of the diet in fattening pigs to maximize growth performance and nutrient digestion. Soluble and insoluble fiber from alfalfa meal has the differential roles in nutrient digestion, which may help explain the main variation observed in nutrient digestibility. These findings suggest that knowledge of specific fiber components is necessary to accurately predict the effects of dietary fiber on nutrient digestibility.
|
Received: 26 March 2013
Accepted:
|
Fund: the financial support from the Project of State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Science and Technology, China (2004DA125184G1104), the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest, Ministry of Agriculture, China (200903006), and the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2012BAD39B01). |
Corresponding Authors:
ZHANG Hong-fu, Tel: +86-10-62816249, Fax: +86-10-62818910, E-mail: zhanghfcaas@gmail.com
E-mail: zhanghfcaas@gmail.com
|
About author: CHEN Liang, E-mail: shengji0202@126.com |
Cite this article:
CHEN Liang, GAO Li-xiang , ZHANG Hong-fu.
2014.
Effect of Graded Levels of Fiber from Alfalfa Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Flow of Fattening Pigs. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(8): 1746-1752.
|
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 2007. Official Methods of Analysis. 18th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD. Bach Knudsen K E. 2001. The nutritional significance of “dietary fibre” analysis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 90, 3-20 Canh T T, Verstegen M W A, Aarnink A J A, Schrama J W. 1997. Influence of dietary factors on nitrogen partitioning and composition of urine and feces of fattening pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 75, 700-706 Chabeauti E, Noblet J, Carré B. 1991. Digestion of plant cell walls from four different sources in growing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 32, 207-213 Chen L, Zhang H F, Gao L X, Zhao F, Lu Q P, Sa R N. 2013. Effect of graded levels of fiber from alfalfa meal on intestinal nutrient flow and hindgut fermentation of growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 91, 4757-4764 Davidson M H, McDonald A. 1998. Fiber forms and functions. Nutrition Research, 18, 617-624 Dégen L, Halas V, Babinszky L. 2007. Effect of dietary fibre on protein and fat digestibility and its consequences on diet formulation for growing and fattening pigs: A review. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica (Section A - Animal Science), 57, 1-9 Guillon F, Saulnier L, Robert P, Thibault J F, Champ M. 2007. Chemical structure and function of cell wall through cereal grains and vegetable samples. In: Salovaara H, Gates F, Tenkanen M, eds., Dietary Fibre Components and Functions. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands. pp. 31-64 Johansen H N, Bach Knudsen K E, Sandström B.1996. Effect of varying content of soluble dietary fibre from wheat flour and oat milling fractions on gastric emptying in pigs. British Journal of Nutrition, 75, 339-351 Kass M L, van Soest P J, Pond W G, Lewis B, McDowell R E. 1980. Utilization of dietary fiber from alfalfa by growing swine. I. Apparent digestibility of diet components in specific segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Animal Science, 50, 175-191 Leamaster B R, Cheeke P R. 1979. Feed preferences of swine: Alfalfa meal, high and low saponin alfalfa and quinine sulfate. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 59, 467-469 Lindberg J E, Cortova Z. 1995. The effect of increasing inclusion of lucerne leaf meal in a barley-based diet on the partition of digestion and on nutrient utilization in pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 56, 11-20 Moeser A J, van Kempen T A T G. 2002. Dietary fibre level and enzyme inclusion affect nutrient digestibility and excreta characteristics in grower pigs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 82, 1606-1613 National Research Council. 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 10th ed. National Academic Press, Washington, D.C. Panetta D M, Powers W J, Xin H, Kerr B J, Stadler K J. 2006. Nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions from pigs fed modified diets. Journal of Environmental Quality, 35, 1297-1308 Prosky L, Asp N G, Schweizer T F, DeVires J W, Fruda I. 1988. Determination of insoluble, soluble, and total dietary fiber in foods and food products: Interlaboratory study. Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 71, 1012-1023 Renteria-Flores J A, Johnston L J, Shurson G C, Gallaher D D. 2008a. Effect of soluble and insoluble fiber on energy digestibility, nitrogen retention, and fiber digestibility of diets fed to gestating sows. Journal of Animal Science, 86, 2568-2575 Renteria-Flores J A, Johnston L J, Shurson G C, Moser R L, Webel S K. 2008b. Effect of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber on embryo survival and sow performance. Journal of Animal Science, 86, 2576-2584 SAS (Statistical Analysis System). 1999. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute, Cary, NC. Sauer W C, Mosenthin R, Ahrens F, den Hartog L A. 1991. The effect of source of fiber on the ileal and fecal amino acid digestibility and bacterial nitrogen excretion in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 69, 4070. Schürch A F, Lloyd L E, Champton E W. 1950. The use of chromic oxide as an index for determining the digestibility of a diet. Journal of Nutrition, 50, 629-636 Serena A, Jørgensen H, Bach Knudsen K E. 2008. Digestion of carbohydrates and utilization of energy in sows fed diets with contrasting levels and physicochemical properties of dietary fiber. Journal of Animal Science, 86, 2208-2216. Souffrant W B. 2001. Effect of dietary fibre on ileal digestibility and endogenous nitrogen losses in the pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 90, 93-102 Thacker P A, Haq I. 2008. Nutrient digestibility, performance and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing graded levels of dehydrated lucerne meal. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88, 2019-2025 Urriola P E, Stein H H. 2010. Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles on amino acid, energy, and fiber digestibility and on hindgut fermentation of dietary fiber in a corn- soybean meal diet fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 88, 1454-1462 Wilfart A, Montagne L, Simmins P H, Noblet J, van Milgen J. 2007. Effect of fibre content in the diet on the mean retention time in different segments of the digestive tract in growing pigs. Livestock Science, 109, 27-29 Yen J T. 2004. Dehydrated alfalfa meal reduces urinary urea excretion in finishing gilts. Journal of Animal Science, 82(Suppl. 2), 68. |
No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|