Please wait a minute...
Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2014, Vol. 13 Issue (2): 426-433    DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60564-X
Soil & Fertilization · Irrigation · Agro-Ecology & Environment Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Responses of Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Grown in Mudflats to Sewage Sludge Amendment
 BAI Yan-chao, GU Chuan-hui, TAO Tian-yun, ZHU Xiao-wen, XU Yi-ran, SHAN Yu-hua , FENG Ke
1.College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R.China
2.Department of Geology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28607, USA
Download:  PDF in ScienceDirect  
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
摘要  Sewage sludge amendment (SSA) is an alternative waste disposal technique and a potential way to increase fertility of mudflats for crop growth. The present study aimed to assess the suitability of SSA by assessing the nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) uptakes, heavy metal accumulation, growth, biomass, and yield response of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) at 0, 30, 75, 150, and 300 t ha-1 SSA rates at various growth stages. The results showed that the highest biomass of ryegrass at seedling and vegetative stages were at 300 and 150 t ha-1 SSA rate, respectively. The increments of ryegrass yield at reproductive stage at 30, 75, 150, and 300 t ha-1 SSA rates were 98.0, 122.6, 88.1, and 61.2%, compared to unamended soil. N and P concentrations in ryegrass increased with increasing SSA rates at all stages except N and P in roots dropped significantly at 300 t ha-1 rate at vegetative stage. The metal concentration for Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr, and Pb in shoot of ryegrass at 300 t ha-1 SSA rate increased by 0.63-, 2.34-, 15.02-, 0.97-, 10.00-, 0.01- and 1.13-fold, respectively, compared to unamended soil. However, heavy metal concentrations in shoot of ryegrass were lower than the standard for forage products in China. The study suggested that sewage sludge amendment in mudflat soils might be feasible. However, the impacts of sludge application on edible crop plants and soil environment need further investigations.

Abstract  Sewage sludge amendment (SSA) is an alternative waste disposal technique and a potential way to increase fertility of mudflats for crop growth. The present study aimed to assess the suitability of SSA by assessing the nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) uptakes, heavy metal accumulation, growth, biomass, and yield response of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) at 0, 30, 75, 150, and 300 t ha-1 SSA rates at various growth stages. The results showed that the highest biomass of ryegrass at seedling and vegetative stages were at 300 and 150 t ha-1 SSA rate, respectively. The increments of ryegrass yield at reproductive stage at 30, 75, 150, and 300 t ha-1 SSA rates were 98.0, 122.6, 88.1, and 61.2%, compared to unamended soil. N and P concentrations in ryegrass increased with increasing SSA rates at all stages except N and P in roots dropped significantly at 300 t ha-1 rate at vegetative stage. The metal concentration for Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr, and Pb in shoot of ryegrass at 300 t ha-1 SSA rate increased by 0.63-, 2.34-, 15.02-, 0.97-, 10.00-, 0.01- and 1.13-fold, respectively, compared to unamended soil. However, heavy metal concentrations in shoot of ryegrass were lower than the standard for forage products in China. The study suggested that sewage sludge amendment in mudflat soils might be feasible. However, the impacts of sludge application on edible crop plants and soil environment need further investigations.
Keywords:  sewage sludge       mudflat soil       ryegrass       growth       metals  
Received: 27 February 2013   Accepted:
Fund: 

This study is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31101604), the Public Foundation of Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Engineering of Jiangsu Province, China (JHCG201011) and the Foundation of Jiangsu Educational Committee, China (12KJB210008).

Corresponding Authors:  SHAN Yu-hua, Tel: +86-514-89799185, Email: shanyuhua@gmail.com     E-mail:  shanyuhua@gmail.com
About author:  BAI Yan-chao, Tel: +86-514-87979645, E-mail: byc529@gmail.com

Cite this article: 

BAI Yan-chao, GU Chuan-hui, TAO Tian-yun, ZHU Xiao-wen, XU Yi-ran, SHAN Yu-hua , FENG Ke. 2014. Responses of Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Grown in Mudflats to Sewage Sludge Amendment. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(2): 426-433.

Ahumada I, Gudenschwager O, Carrasco M A, Castillo G, Ascar L, Richter P. 2009. Copper and zinc bioavailabilities to ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) grown in biosolid treated Chilean soils. Journal Environmental Management, 90, 2665-2671

 Andres E F, Tenorio J L, Walter I. 2010. Biomass production and nutrient concentration of kenaf grown on sewage sludge-amended soil. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 8, 472-480

 Antonious G. 2009. Enzyme activities and heavy metals concentration in soil amended with sewage sludge. Journal of Environmental Science and Health (Part A-Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering), 44, 1019-1024

 Bai Y C, Gu C H, Tao T Y, Wang L, Feng K, Shan Y H. 2013. Growth characteristics, nutrient uptake, and metal accumulation of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in sludge- amended mudflats. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, (Section B-Soil & Plant Science), 63, 352-359

 Bai Y C, Wang L, Tao T Y, Chen G H, Qian X Q, Feng K, Shan Y H. 2012. Study on the amendment of physicochemical properties of tidal flat soil by sewage sludge application. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 18, 1019-1025 (in Chinese)

Bao S D. 2000. Soil and Agro-chemistry Analysis. China Agricultural Press, Beijing. pp. 296-336

 Black A, McLaren R G, Reichman S M, Speir T W, Condron L M, Houliston G. 2012. Metal bioavailability dynamics during a two-year trial using ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) grown in soils treated with biosolids and metal salts. Soil Research, 50, 304-311

 Bouma T J, Nielsen K L, Koutstaal B. 2000. Sample preparation and scanning protocol for computerised analysis of root length and diameter. Plant and Soil, 218, 185-196

 Bozkurt M A, Yarilgac T. 2003. The effects of sewage sludge applications on the yield, growth, nutrition and heavy metal accumulation in apple trees growing in dry condition. Turkish Journal of Agriculture & Forestry, 27, 285-292

 Cao W, Wong M H. 2007. Current status of coastal zone issues and management in China: a review. Environment International, 33, 985-992

 Chandra R, Yadav S, Mohan D. 2008. Effect of distillery sludge on seed germination and growth parameters of green gram (Phaseolus mungo L.). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 152, 431-439

 Chen H, Yan S H, Ye Z L, Meng H J, Zhu Y G. 2012. Utilization of urban sewage sludge: Chinese perspectives. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 19, 1454- 1463.

Creighton P, Gilliland T J, Delaby L, Kennedy E, Boland T M, O’Donovan M. 2012. Effect of Lolium perenne sward density on productivity under simulated and actual cattle grazing. Grass and Forage Science, 67, 526-534

 Dichtl N, Rogge S, Bauerfeld K. 2007. Novel strategies in sewage sludge treatment. CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, 35, 473-479

 Erdogan R, Zaimoglu Z, Budak F, Koseoglu C. 2011. Use of sewage sludge in growth media for ornamental plants and its effects on growth and heavy metal accumulation. Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment, 9, 632-635

 Fuentes A, Llorens M, Saez J, Aguilar M I, Ortuno J F, Meseguer V F. 2004. Phytotoxicity and heavy metals speciation of stabilised sewage sludges. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 108, 161-169

 GB 13078. 2001. Hygienical standard for feeds. Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. pp. 2-4

GB/T 24600. 2009. Disposal of sludge from municipal waste water treatment plant - Quality of sludge used in land improvement. Standardization administration of the People’s Republic of China. pp. 2-3.

Gu C H, Bai Y C, Tao T Y, Chen G H, Shan Y H. 2013. Effect of sewage sludge amendment on heavy metal uptake and yield of ryegrass seedling in a Mudflat soil. Journal of Environmental Quality, 42, 421-428

 Hao X Z, Zhou D M, Wang Y J, Cang L, Chen H M. 2003. Effect of different amendments on ryegrass growth in copper mine tailings. Pedosphere, 13, 299-308

 Himmelbauer M L, Loiskandl W, Kastanek F. 2004. Estimating length, average diameter and surface area of roots using two different image analyses systems. Plant and Soil, 260, 111-120

 Jamali M K, Kazi T G, Arain M B, Afridi H I, Memon A R, Jalbani N, Shah A. 2008. Use of sewage sludge after liming as fertilizer for maize growth. Pedosphere, 18, 203-213

 Jones S B, Robbins C W, Hansen C L. 1993. Sodic soil reclamation using cottage cheese (acid) whey. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation, 7, 51-61

 Karami N, Clemente R, Moreno-Jimenez E, Lepp N W, Beesley L. 2011. Efficiency of green waste compost and biochar soil amendments for reducing lead and copper mobility and uptake to ryegrass. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 191, 41-48

 Khan S, Rehman S, Cao Q, Jehan N, Shah M T. 2011. Uptake and translocation of lead and pyrene by ryegrass cultivated in aged spiked soil. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 45, 110-122

 Lara-Villa M A, Flores-Flores J L, Alatriste-Mondragon F, Fernandez M M. 2011. Heavy-metal uptake and growth of bouteloua species in semi-arid soils amended with biosolids. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 42, 1636-1658

 Li Q, Guo X Y, Xu X H, Zuo Y B, Wei D P, Ma Y B. 2012. Phytoavailability of copper, zinc and cadmium in sewage sludge-amended calcareous soils. Pedosphere, 22, 254- 262.

 Logan T J, Harrison B J. 1995. Physical characteristics of alkaline stabilized sewage sludge (N-Viro soil) and their effects on soil physical properties. Journal of Environmental Quality, 24, 153-164

 MacEwan R J, Crawford D M, Newton P J, Clune T S. 2010. High clay contents, dense soils, and spatial variability are the principal subsoil constraints to cropping the higher rainfall land in south-eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 48, 150-166

 McGrath S P, Brookes P C, Giller K E. 1988. Effects of potentially toxic metals in soil derived from past application of sewage sludge on nitrogen fixation by Trifolium repens L. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 20, 415-424

 Metz R, Dorn J. 1995. Single and Combined Effects of Organic Pollutants (PACs and PCBs) and Heavy Metals in Soils of Sewage Disposal Fields on Soil Biological Mmeasurements and Seedling Root Development of Agricultural Crops. Arbeitstagung 8. and 9. Friedrich Schiller Universitat, Jena. pp. 653-660 (in German)

Morera M T, Echeverría J, Garrido J. 2002. Bioavailability of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludge. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 82, 433-438

 Nejmeddine A, Echab A, Fars S, Hafidi M. 2003. Accumulation of trace elements by ryegrass grown on soils amended by sewage sludge. Cahiers Agricultures, 12, 33-38

 Ngole V M. 2010. Variations in sludge effects on selected properties of four soil types and vegetable yield. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5, 3279-3290

 Pritchard D L, Penney N, McLaughlin M J, Rigby H, Schwarz K. 2010. Land application of sewage sludge (biosolids) in Australia: Risks to the environment and food crops. Water Science and Technology, 62, 48-57

 Qasim M, Naheeda J, Himayatullah, Subhan M. 2001. Effect of sewage sludge on the growth of maize crop. Journal of Biological Sciences, 1, 52-54

 San Miguel C, Giménez D, Krogmann U, Yoon S W. 2012. Impact of land application of cranberry processing residuals, leaves and biosolids pellets on a sandy loam soil. Applied Soil Ecology, 53, 31-38

 Sanchez-Monedero M A, Mondini C, de Nobili M, Leita L, Roig A. 2004. Land application of biosolids. Soil response to different stabilization degree of the treated organic matter. Waste Management, 24, 325-332

 Santos J A, Nunes L, de Melo W J, Figueiredo M B D, Singh R P, Bezerra A A C, de Araujo A S F. 2011. Growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of cowpea in soils amendment with composted tannery sludge. Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo, 35, 1865-1871 (in Brazilian)

Singh R P, Agrawal M. 2007. Effects of sewage sludge amendment on heavy metal accumulation and consequent responses of Beta vulgaris plants. Chemosphere, 67, 2229-2240

 Singh R P, Agrawal M. 2010. Effect of different sewage sludge applications on growth and yield of Vigna radiata L. field crop: Metal uptake by plant. Ecological Engineering, 36, 969-972

 Sivapatham P, Potts M C, Delise J A, Sajwan K S, Alva A K, Jayaraman K, Chakraborty P. 2012. Evaluation of wastewater treatment by-products as soil amendment: Growth of sorghum-sudan grass and trace elements concentrations. Journal of Environmental Science and Health (Part A-Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering), 47, 1678-1686

 Smith S R. 2009. Organic contaminants in sewage sludge (biosolids) and their significance for agricultural recycling. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences), 367, 4005-4041

 Sridhar B B M, Vincent R K, Roberts S J, Czajkowski K. 2011. Remote sensing of soybean stress as an indicator of chemical concentration of biosolid amended surface soils. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 13, 676-681

 Tamrabet L, Bouzerzour H, Kribaa M, Makhlouf M. 2009. The effect of sewage sludge application on Durum Wheat (Triticum durum). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 11, 741-745

 Uzun P, Bilgili U. 2011. Effects of wastewater sludge on growth of perennial ryegress (Lolium perenne L.). Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 16, 203-209

 Wang F, Wall G. 2010. Mudflat development in Jiangsu Province, China: Practices and experiences. Ocean & Coastal Management, 53, 691-699.
[1] WANG Li-xin, WANG Lin-xia, ZHANG Meng-ling, QU Ying-yue, YUAN Ye, Ehsan SADEGHNEZHAD, GAO Meng-jiao, ZHAO Ruo-yu, QI Chao-feng, GUO Xiao-xue, ZHU Wen-hui, LI Rui-mei, DAI Li, LIU Meng-jun, LIU Zhi-guo. A cyclic effect of cAMP and calcium signaling contributes to jujube growth and development[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(7): 2094-2110.
[2] XIE Jiao, CAO Qi, WANG Wen-jun, ZHANG Hong-yan, DENG Bing. Understanding changes in volatile compounds and fatty acids of Jincheng orange peel oil at different growth stages using GC–MS[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(7): 2282-2294.
[3] GUO Yun-xia, YANG Ruo-chen, DUAN Chun-hui, WANG Yong, HAO Qing-hong, JI Shou-kun, YAN Hui, ZHANG Ying-jie, LIU Yue-qin. Effect of dioscorea opposite waste on growth performance, blood parameters, rumen fermentation and rumen bacterial community in weaned lambs[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(6): 1833-1846.
[4] WANG Peng, WANG Cheng-dong, WANG Xiao-lin, WU Yuan-hua, ZHANG Yan, SUN Yan-guo, SHI Yi, MI Guo-hua. Increasing nitrogen absorption and assimilation ability under mixed NO3 and NH4+ supply is a driver to promote growth of maize seedlings[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(6): 1896-1908.
[5] LIAO Zhen-qi, ZHENG Jing, FAN Jun-liang, PEI Sheng-zhao, DAI Yu-long, ZHANG Fu-cang, LI Zhi-jun.

Novel models for simulating maize growth based on thermal time and photothermal units: Applications under various mulching practices [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(5): 1381-1395.

[6] LI Min, ZHU Da-wei, JIANG Ming-jin, LUO De-qiang, JIANG Xue-hai, JI Guang-mei, LI Li-jiang, ZHOU Wei-jia. Dry matter production and panicle characteristics of high yield and good taste indica hybrid rice varieties[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(5): 1338-1350.
[7] CHI Qing, DU Lin-ying, MA Wen, NIU Ruo-yu, WU Bao-wei, GUO Li-jian, MA Meng, LIU Xiang-li, ZHAO Hui-xian. The miR164-TaNAC14 module regulates root development and abiotic-stress tolerance in wheat seedlings[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(4): 981-998.
[8] ZHANG Yan-mei, AO De, LEI Kai-wen, XI Lin, Jerry W SPEARS, SHI Hai-tao, HUANG Yan-ling, YANG Fa-long. Dietary copper supplementation modulates performance and lipid metabolism in meat goat kids[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(1): 214-221.
[9] LI Teng, ZHANG Xue-peng, LIU Qing, LIU Jin, CHEN Yuan-quan, SUI Peng. Yield penalty of maize (Zea mays L.) under heat stress in different growth stages: A review[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(9): 2465-2476.
[10] Oluwaseyi Samuel OLANREWAJU, Olubukola Oluranti BABALOLA. The rhizosphere microbial complex in plant health: A review of interaction dynamics[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(8): 2168-2182.
[11] WANG Le, LIU Yang, WEN Ming, LI Ming-hua, DONG Zhi-qiang, CUI Jing, MA Fu-yu. Growth and yield responses to simulated hail damage in drip-irrigated cotton[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(8): 2241-2252.
[12] LI Yu-dong, BAI Xue, LIU Xin , WANG Wei-jia, LI Zi-wei, WANG Ning, XIAO Fan, GAO Hai-he, GUO Huai-shun, LI Hui, WANG Shou-zhi. Integration of genome-wide association study and selection signatures reveals genetic determinants for skeletal muscle production traits in an F2 chicken population[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(7): 2065-2075.
[13] LI Si-ping, ZENG Lu-sheng, SU Zhong-liang. Wheat growth, photosynthesis and physiological characteristics under different soil Zn levels[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(7): 1927-1940.
[14] HUANG Wen-qin, CUI Kai, HAN Yong, CHAI Jian-min, WANG Shi-qin, LÜ Xiao-kang, DIAO Qi-yu, ZHANG Nai-feng. Long term effects of artificial rearing before weaning on the growth performance, ruminal microbiota and fermentation of fattening lambs[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(4): 1146-1160.
[15] WU Han-yu, QIAO Mei-yu, ZHANG Wang-feng, WANG Ke-ru, LI Shao-kun, JIANG Chuang-dao. Systemic regulation of photosynthetic function in maize plants at graining stage under vertically heterogeneous light environment[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(3): 666-676.
No Suggested Reading articles found!