玉米遗传育种Maize Genetics · Breeding · Germplasm Resources

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1. JIA-2020-2642 基于永久F2群体的玉米果穗相关性状遗传解析
GAO Ri-xin, HU Ming-jian, ZHAO Hai-ming, LAI Jin-sheng, SONG Wei-bin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2492-2507.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.007
摘要246)      PDF    收藏

本研究构建了一个由265个组合所构成的永久F2(IF2)群体,将IF2群体以及相应的RIL亲本分别于2017年和2018年种植于北京上庄和河南开封两个地点,我们对穗行数(RN)、行粒数(KNPR)、穗长(EL)、穗粗(ED)、十粒厚(TKT)、单穗重(EW)、穗粗(CD)、粒长(KL)、粒宽(KW)、穗粒重(GW)、百粒重(HKW)、籽粒产量(GY)等12个果穗相关性状进行调查,然后用R/qtl软件对该12个性状作单环境QTL分析,结果表明,在四个种植环境下共鉴定到165个QTL,单个QTL可以解释0.1%-12.66%的表型变异。其中,19个QTL于多环境下被鉴定到,我们称之为“稳定QTL”。此外,经过对显性度的分析,发现约44.85%的QTL表现出超显性效应,约12.72%的QTL表现出显性效应。最后,我们鉴定了35个基因组多效性区间,这些区间分别包含两个及以上QTL。同时,通过对RN、EL、ED和EW四个性状的杂种优势数据集进行分析,我们鉴定出17个的杂种优势相关QTL位点。本研究得到的结果为理解玉米果穗相关性状的遗传机制提供了新的见解,并拓展了我们对玉米杂种优势遗传基础的理解


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2. JIA-2020-2622 利用多杂种群体研究干旱和正常滴水下玉米的杂种优势和杂优模式
SANG Zhi-qin, ZHANG Zhan-qin, YANG Yu-xin, LI Zhi-wei, LIU Xiao-gang, XU Yunbi, LI Wei-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2477-2491.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.006
摘要309)      PDF    收藏

本研究以41个代表性的玉米自交系通过不完全双列杂交产生了737个杂种F1的多杂种群体(MPH),将MPH群体分别种植在干旱和正常滴水处理下,利用38737个单核苷酸多态性标记(SNPs)对41份亲本进行了全基因组扫描。41份亲本自交系间的遗传距离为0.05到0.74之间,依据遗传距离可以将其划分为5个杂种优势群。根据不同杂种优势群产生杂交种的表型(产量、生育期、株高),研究认为BSSS×NSS、NSS×SPT和BSSS×SPT这3种杂优模式在中国机收玉米育种中具有较大的利用价值。研究一般配合力和特殊配合力的比值表明,正常滴水下加性效应对单株产量的的影响较大,而在干旱处理下非加性效应对产量的影响力更大。干旱条件下高产的玉米杂交种其亲本之一必须是配合力较高或者抗旱性较好的玉米自交系。在一定的遗传距离(GD)范围内,GD和杂种产量和产量杂种优势呈正相关。本研究认为杂种优势是亲本优势基因位点逐步累加和亲本间最佳遗传距离共同作用形成的,干旱处理下的产量杂种优势主要由非加性效应决定的。 


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3. Creation of two hyperactive variants of phytochrome B1 for attenuating shade avoidance syndrome in maize
ZHAO Yong-ping, ZHAO Bin-bin, WU Guang-xia, MA Xiao-jing, WANG Bao-bao, KONG De-xin, WEI Hong-bin, WANG Hai-yang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (5): 1253-1265.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63466-9
摘要244)      PDF    收藏

增加种植密度是提高玉米产量的有效措施。然而,密植容易引发植物的避荫反应综合征,导致抗倒伏能力下降,最终导致产量降低。光敏色素B(phyB)在植物避荫反应中起主导作用。研究表明,将拟南芥PHYB(AtPHYB)104和361位的酪氨酸(Y)改变为苯丙氨酸(F)可以增强其活性。在本研究中,我们通过模拟AtPHYB的Y104F和Y361F的突变形式,创制了两个玉米PHYB1超敏突变体: ZmPHYB1Y98F和ZmPHYB1Y359F。在ZmPHYB1自身启动子的驱动下,将ZmPHYB1Y98F、ZmPHYB1Y359F和野生型的ZmPHYB1 (ZmPHYB1WT)转入到拟南芥phyB-9突变体中。在转基因拟南芥中,与ZmPHYB1WT相比,异源表达ZmPHYB1Y98FZmPHYB1Y359F增强了对phyB-9相关表型的互补功能。与ZmPHYB1WT相似,红光处理可诱导ZmPHYB1Y98F和ZmPHYB1Y359F蛋白从细胞质中转运到细胞核,并且能够与玉米中的PIF蛋白互作。此外,在模拟遮荫处理下,ZmPHYB1自身启动子驱动的ZmPHYB1Y98FZmPHYB1Y359F在转基因玉米中的表达可以减弱玉米幼苗的避荫反应综合征,还能够降低玉米植株的株高和穗位高。综上所述,研究结果表明ZmPHYB1Y98FZmPHYB1Y359F能够减弱玉米的避荫反应综合征,为培育耐密玉米品种提供了新思路


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4. Dissecting the genetic basis of maize deep-sowing tolerance by combining association mapping and gene expression analysis
YANG Yue, MA Yu-ting, LIU Yang-yang, Demar LYLE, LI Dong-dong, WANG Ping-xi, XU Jia-liang, ZHEN Si-han, LU Jia-wen, PENG Yun-ling, CUI Yu, FU Jun-jie, DU Wan-li, ZHANG Hong-wei, WANG Jian-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (5): 1266-1277.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63649-3
摘要150)      PDF    收藏

深播是包括玉米在内的作物躲避干旱的一种重要策略,候选基因的克隆是进行玉米耐深播分子机理研究的基础工作。本研究中,我们利用包含386份玉米自交系的关联分析群体对10厘米和20厘米播种深度条件下的四个性状进行鉴定。利用50万SNP标记进行关联分析发现了273个耐深播性状显著关联的SNP。对两组不同的处理进行RNA测序分析分别发现1944和2098个差异基因,其中包含281个共同的差异基因。通过比较273个SNP和281个差异基因的位置发现了7个可能与耐深播相关的候选基因,其中GRMZM2G119769编码一个SNF1激酶互作的蛋白。由于GRMZM2G119769在其他植物中的同源基因跟器官伸长、生长素和光响应有关。同时,候选基因关联分析表明GRMZM2G119769基因的自然变异与玉米的中胚轴长度有关。另外,基因表达分析表明GRMZM2G119769在耐深播材料中表达量高。这些研究结果都支持GRMZM2G119769是玉米耐深播性状的候选基因。本研究不但评价了玉米资源的耐深播特性,还鉴定出一些可能对未来玉米耐深播研究有参考价值的候选基因。


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5. JIA-2021-0603 玉米单倍体雄花育性恢复的细胞学研究
YANG Ji-wei, LIU Zong-hua, QU Yan-zhi, ZHANG Ya-zhou, LI Hao-chuan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (11): 3158-3168.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.055
摘要254)      PDF    收藏

玉米单倍体育种技术主要取决于单倍体基因组加倍,并已广泛应用于商业育种之中。单倍体基因组自然加倍(SHGD)是一种简单、快捷的方法,并在育种者中越来越受欢迎。但目前SHGD的细胞学机制仍不清楚。为此,我们利用诱导系YHI-1与两个极端SHGD能力的重组自交系RL36RL7进行杂交,得到单倍体籽粒。对单倍体植物中花药减数分裂过程中花粉母细胞(PMC)与对应的二倍体花粉母细胞进行了比较。结果表明:早期加倍、第一次减数分裂中期染色体偏分离及第二次减数分裂异常三个主要的途径与SHGD有关。此外,对单倍体和二倍体植株的叶片及PMC利用流式细胞仪进行倍性分析,结果表明:单倍体植株体细胞染色体加倍和生殖细胞染色体加倍是相对独立的过程。这些结果为进一步研究SHGD的可能机制提供了基础,将有助于单倍体育种技术在玉米育种实践中应用。

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6. Weakened carbon and nitrogen metabolisms under post-silking heat stress reduce the yield and dry matter accumulation in waxy maize
YANG Huan, GU Xiao-tian, DING Meng-qiu, LU Wei-ping, LU Da-lei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (1): 78-88.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62622-5
摘要187)      PDF    收藏
Post-silking high temperature is one of the abiotic factors that affects waxy maize (Zea mays L. sinensis Kulesh) growth in southern China.  We conducted a pot trial in 2016–2017 to study the effects of post-silking daytime heat stress (35°C) on the activities of enzymes involved in leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolisms and leaf reactive oxygen species (ROS) and water contents.  This study could improve our understanding on dry matter accumulation and translocation and grain yield production.  Results indicated that decreased grain number and weight under heat stress led to yield loss, which decreased by 20.8 and 20.0% in 2016 and 2017, respectively.  High temperature reduced post-silking dry matter accumulation (16.1 and 29.5% in 2016 and 2017, respectively) and promoted translocation of pre-silking photoassimilates stored in vegetative organs, especially in leaf.  The lower leaf water content and chlorophyll SPAD value, and higher ROS (H2O2 and O2-·) content under heat stress conditions indicated accelerated senescent rate.  The weak activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase), nitrate reductase (NR), and glutamine synthase (GS) indicated that leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolisms were suppressed when the plants suffered from a high temperature during grain filling.  Correlation analysis results indicated that the reduced grain yield was mainly caused by the decreased leaf water content, weakened NR activity, and increased H2O2 content.  The increased accumulation of grain weight and post-silking dry matter and the reduced translocation amount in leaf was mainly due to the increased chlorophyll SPAD value and NR activity.  Reduced PEPCase and RuBPCase activities did not affect dry matter accumulation and translocation and grain yield.  In conclusion, post-silking heat stress down-regulated the leaf NR and GS activities, increased the leaf water loss rate, increased ROS generation, and induced pre-silking carbohydrate translocation.  However, it reduced the post-silking direct photoassimilate deposition, ultimately, leading to grain yield loss.
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7.
Genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of drought related genes in roots of two maize inbred lines with contrasting drought tolerance by RNA sequencing
HAO Lu-yang, LIU Xu-yang, ZHANG Xiao-jing, SUN Bao-cheng, LIU Cheng, ZHANG Deng-feng, TANG Huai-jun, LI Chun-hui, LI Yong-xiang, SHI Yun-su, XIE Xiao-qing, SONG Yan-chun, WANG Tian-yu, LI Yu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (2): 449-464.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62660-2
摘要174)      PDF    收藏
Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting maize growth and development and therefore resulting in yield loss.  Thus it is essential to understand molecular mechanisms of drought stress responses in maize for drought tolerance improvement.  The root plays a critical role in plants sensing water deficit.  In the present study, two maize inbred lines, H082183, a drought-tolerant line, and Lv28, a drought-sensitive line, were grown in the field and treated with different water conditions (moderate drought, severe drought, and well-watered conditions) during vegetative stage.  The transcriptomes of their roots were investigated by RNA sequencing.  There were 1 428 and 512 drought-responsive genes (DRGs) in Lv28, 688 and 3 363 DRGs in H082183 under moderate drought and severe drought, respectively.  A total of 31 Gene Ontology (GO) terms were significantly over-represented in the two lines, 13 of which were enriched only in the DRGs of H082183.  Based on results of Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, “plant hormone signal transduction” and “starch and sucrose metabolism” were enriched in both of the two lines, while “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” was only enriched in H082183.  Further analysis revealed the different expression patterns of genes related to abscisic acid (ABA) signal pathway, trehalose biosynthesis, reactive oxygen scavenging, and transcription factors might contribute to drought tolerance in maize.  Our results contribute to illustrating drought-responsive molecular mechanisms and providing gene resources for maize drought improvement.
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8. Quantitative design of yield components to simulate yield formation for maize in China
HOU Hai-peng, MA Wei, Mehmood Ali NOOR, TANG Li-yuan, LI Cong-feng, DING Zai-song, ZHAO Ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (3): 668-679.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62661-4
摘要152)      PDF    收藏
Maize (Zea mays L.) stands prominently as one of the major cereal crops in China as well as in the rest of the world.  Therefore, predicting the growth and yield of maize for large areas through yield components under high-yielding environments will help in understanding the process of yield formation and yield potential under different environmental conditions.  This accurate early assessment of yield requires accuracy in the formation process of yield components as well.  In order to formulate the quantitative design for high yields of maize in China, yield performance parameters of quantitative design for high grain yields were evaluated in this study, by utilizing the yield performance equation with normalization of planting density.  Planting density was evaluated by parameters including the maximum leaf area index and the maximum leaf area per plant.  Results showed that the variation of the maximum leaf area per plant with varying plant density conformed to the Reciprocal Model, which proved to have excellent prediction with root mean square error (RMSE) value of 5.95%.  Yield model estimation depicted that the best optimal maximum leaf area per plant was 0.63 times the potential maximum leaf area per plant of hybrids.  Yield performance parameters for different yield levels were quantitatively designed based on the yield performance equation.  Through validation of the yield performance model by simulating high yields of spring maize in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Jilin Province, China, and summer maize in Shandong Province, the yield performance equation showed excellent prediction with the satisfactory mean RMSE value (7.72%) of all the parameters.  The present study provides theoretical support for the formulation of quantitative design for sustainable high yield of maize in China, through consideration of planting density normalization in the yield prediction process, providing there is no water and nutrient limitation.
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9.
Interacting leaf dynamics and environment to optimize maize sowing date in North China Plain
TIAN Bei-jing, ZHU Jin-cheng, LIU Xi-wei, HUANG Shou-bing, WANG Pu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (5): 1227-1240.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62831-5
摘要118)      PDF    收藏
Leaf growth and its interaction with the growing environment critically affect leaf area, distribution, and function, and ultimately affects grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.).  To detect the effects of leaf area dynamics, growth periods, and the environment on maize grain yield, a three-year field experiment was conducted using two maize varieties, medium plant-size variety Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) and large plant-size variety Zhongnongda 4 (ZND4), and three to five sowing dates.  The sowing date significantly affected maize yield as a result of changes in leaf area, growth stage, and growing environment.  Prior to the 12th leaf stage, significant correlations between leaf area dynamics, environment, and yield were seldom detected.  The expansion of leaf area from 12th leaf stage to silking stage was significantly positively correlated with growing degree days (GDD), solar radiation, and grain yield, indicating the importance of leaf area dynamics during this period.  After silking, solar radiation played a more important role in inducing leaf senescence than GDD, particularly in the 2nd half of the grain filling stage.  Accelerated leaf senescence in late growth period can increase maize yield.  The environment affected leaf area dynamics and yield of the large plant-size variety (ZND4) more easily than the medium plant-size variety (ZD958) at the optimum plant density, reflecting the difference in varietal capacity to adapt to the growing environment.  This study indicates that optimizing the interaction among leaf area dynamics, growth periods, and environment is a sound strategy to increase maize yield.  Favorable interactions are useful to determine the optimal sowing date of a given variety.
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10. The effect of amylose on kernel phenotypic characteristics, starch-related gene expression and amylose inheritance in naturally mutated high-amylose maize
ZHANG Xu-dong, GAO Xue-chun, LI Zhi-wei, XU Lu-chun, LI Yi-bo, ZHANG Ren-he, XUE Ji-quan, GUO Dong-wei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (6): 1554-1564.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62779-6
摘要122)      PDF    收藏
High-amylose maize starch has great potential for widespread industrial use due to its ability to form strong gels and film and in the food processing field, thus serving as a resistant starch source.  However, there is still a substantial shortage of high-amylose maize due to the limitation of natural germplasm resources, although the well-known amylose extender (ae) gene mutants have been found to produce high-amylose maize lines since 1948.  In this context, high-amylose maize lines (13 inbreds and 18 hybrids) originating from a natural amylose mutant in our testing field were utilized to study the correlation between amylose content (AC) and phenotypic traits (kernel morphology and endosperm glossiness), grain filling characteristics, gene expression, and amylose inheritance.  Our results showed that AC was negatively correlated with total starch content but was not correlated with grain phenotypes, such as kernel fullness, kernel morphology and endosperm glossiness.  Maize lines with higher amylose had a greater grain filling rate than that of the control (B73) during the first 20 days after pollination (DAP).  Both starch debranching enzyme (DBE) groups and starch branching enzyme IIb (SBEIIb) groups showed a greater abundance in the control (B73) than in the high-amylose maize lines.  Male parents directly predicted AC of F1, which was moderately positively correlated with the F2 generation.
 
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11. Effects of urea mixed with nitrapyrin on leaf photosynthetic and senescence characteristics of summer maize (Zea mays L.) waterlogged in the field
REN Bai-zhao, HU Juan, ZHANG Ji-wang, DONG Shu-ting, LIU Peng, ZHAO Bin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (6): 1586-1595.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62725-5
摘要113)      PDF    收藏
Waterlogging is one of the major abiotic stresses in agricultural crop production.  However, the application of 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine (nitrapyrin) can effectually mitigate the losses of nitrogen efficiency and grain yield of summer maize induced by waterlogging.  In order to explore its role to alleviate waterlogging stress on leaf antioxidative system and photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize, a field experiment was executed to research effects of nitrapyrin application on leaf photosynthetic and senescent characteristics of waterlogged summer maize Denghai 605 (DH605) and Zhengdan 958 (ZD958).  Experimental treatments consisted of waterlogging treatment that was applying only urea (WL), waterlogging treatment that was applying urea mixing with nitrapyrin (WL-N), and no waterlogging treatment that was only applying urea (NWL).  Results showed that WL significantly decreased leaf area index (LAI), SPAD, photosynthetic rate (Pn), and protective enzyme activities, accelerated leaf aging, eventually led to a remarkable yield reduction by 38 and 42% for DH605 and ZD958, respectively, compared to NWL.  However, the application of nitrapyrin was useful for relieving waterlogging damages on leaf photosynthetic ability.  LAI, SPAD and Pn of WL-N for DH605 were 10, 19 and 12–24% higher, and for ZD958 were 12, 23 and 7–25% higher, compared to those of WL, respectively.  Moreover, application of nitrapyrin effectually relieved waterlogging losses on antioxidative enzyme activities.  Leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities of WL-N were averagely increased by 24, 15 and 30%, respectively, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content was averagely decreased by 13%, compared to those of WL.  Visibly, nitrapyrin application could improve leaf photosynthetic characteristics and retard leaf aging induced by waterlogging, thereby leading to a yield increase of waterlogged maize.
 
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12. Integrated agronomic practices management improved grain formation and regulated endogenous hormone balance in summer maize (Zea mays L.)
YU Ning-ning, ZHANG Ji-wang, LIU Peng, ZHAO Bin, REN Bai-zhao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (7): 1768-1776.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62757-7
摘要139)      PDF    收藏
Compared with single agronomic practices management during grain formation, knowledge about integrated agronomic practices management on grain-filling characteristics and physiological function of endogenous hormones was limited.  In order to clarify this issue, two field experiments, integrated agronomic practices management (IAPM), T1 (local conventional cultivation practices), T2 (an optimized combination of cropping systems and fertilizer treatment), T3 (treatment based on high-yield studies), and T4 (further optimized combination of cropping systems and fertilizer treatment), and nitrogen rate testing (NAT) (four nitrogen rates, 0, 129.0, 184.5, and 300.0 kg N ha–1) were performed with summer maize hybrid Zhengdan 958 (ZD958). Results showed that with increased nitrogen rate, the endogenous hormone balance was promoted and the grain-filling characteristics were improved sufficiently to resulting in a significant increase in grain yield.  However, the grain-filling characteristics deteriorated and yield was reduced with excessive nitrogen fertilization.  However, IAPM could promote hormone balance and improve grain filling characteristic.  The indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and gibberellin (GA3) contents under T2 and T4 treatments were higher and the abscisic acid (ABA) content was lower, and the ZR and GA3 contents under T3 were higher than those under T1.  Those resulted in the maximum grain-filling rate (Wmax) and the active grain-filling period (P) under T2, T3 and T4 were significantly increased than those under T1, and hence promoted kernel weight and grain yield.  So IAPM promoted hormone balance by improving tillage model, optimizing fertilizer rate and fertilization period, appropriately increasing planting density and delaying harvest, which promoted grain filling rate and lengthened active grain-filling period, finally increased grain yield.
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13. Characterization and map-based cloning of miniature2-m1, a gene controlling kernel size in maize
GUAN Hai-ying, DONG Yong-bin, LU Shou-ping, LIU Tie-shan, HE Chun-mei, LIU Chun-xiao, LIU Qiang, DONG Rui, WANG Juan, LI Yu-ling, QI Shi-jun, WANG Li-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (8): 1961-1973.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62797-8
摘要159)      PDF    收藏
Kernel development plays an important role in determining kernel size in maize.  Here we present the cloning and characterization of a maize gene, nitrate transporter1.5 (NRT1.5), which controls small kernel phenotype by playing an important role in kernel development.  A novel recessive small kernel mutant miniature2-m1 (mn2-m1) was isolated from self-pollinated progenies of breeding materials.  The mutant spontaneously showed small kernel character arresting both embryo and endosperm development at an early stage after pollination.  Utilizing 21 polymorphic SSR markers, the mn2-m1 locus was limited to a 209.9-kb interval using 9 176 recessive individuals of a BC1 segregating population from mn2-m1/B73.  Only one annotated gene was located in this 209.9 kb region, Zm00001d019294, which was predicted to encode nitrate transporter1.5 (NRT1.5).  Allelism tests confirmed that mn2-m1 was allelic to miniature2-m2 (mn2-m2) and miniature2-710B (mn2-710B).  The mn2-m1 and mn2-m2 alleles both had nucleotide deletions in the coding region resulting in premature termination, and the mn2-710B allele had some missence mutations.  Subcellular localization showed that Miniature 2 (MN2) is localized in the plasma membrane.  Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the expression of MN2 and some genes involved in the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) and embryo surrounding region (ESR) development were affected in mn2-m1 seeds.  These results suggested that MN2 plays an important role in maize seed development.
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14. Functional polymorphism among members of abscisic acid receptor family (ZmPYL) in maize
LU Feng-zhong, YU Hao-qiang, LI Si, LI Wan-chen, ZHANG Zhi-yong, FU Feng-ling
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (9): 2165-2176.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62802-9
摘要143)      PDF    收藏
Pyrabactin resistance 1-like proteins (PYLs) are direct receptors of abscisic acid (ABA).  For the redundant and polymorphic functions, some members of the PYL family interact with components of other signaling pathways.  Here, 253 positive colonies from a maize cDNA library were screened as interacting proteins with the members of ZmPYL family.  After sequencing and function annotation, 17 of 28 interaction combinations were verified by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H).  The germination potential, taproot length and proline content of a quartet mutant of Arabidopsis PYL genes were significantly deceased comparing to the wild type (WT) under alkaline stress (pH 8.5) and 100 μmol L–1 methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induction.  The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly increased.  After germinating in darkness, the characteristics of dark morphogenesis of the quartet mutant seedlings were more obvious than those of the WT.  The differential expression of the related genes of photomorphogenesis in the mutant was much more than that in the WT.  Three light and two JA responsive cis-affecting elements were identified during the promoter sequences of the AtPYL1 and AtPYL2 genes.  These results suggested that functional polymorphism has evolved among the members of ZmPYL family.  In response to developmental and environmental stimuli, they not only function as direct ABA receptors but also interact with components of other signaling pathways mediated JA, brassinosteroid (BR), auxin, etc., and even directly regulate downstream stress-related proteins.  These signaling pathways can interact at various crosstalk points and different levels of gene expression within a sophisticated network.
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15. Evaluation of drought tolerance in ZmVPP1-overexpressing transgenic inbred maize lines and their hybrids
JIA Teng-jiao, LI Jing-jing, WANG Li-feng, CAO Yan-yong, MA Juan, WANG Hao, ZHANG Deng-feng, LI Hui-yong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (9): 2177-2187.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62828-5
摘要140)      PDF    收藏
The vacuolar proton-pumping pyrophosphatase gene (VPP) is often used to enhance plant drought tolerance via genetic engineering.  In this study, the drought tolerance of four transgenic inbred maize lines overexpressing ZmVPP1 (PH4CV-T, PH6WC-T, Chang7-2-T, and Zheng58-T) and their transgenic hybrids was evaluated at various stages.  Under normal and drought conditions, the height and fresh weight were greater for the four transgenic inbred maize lines than for the wild-type (WT) controls at the germination and seedling stages.  Additionally, the transgenic plants exhibited enhanced photosynthetic efficiency at the seedling stage.  In irrigated and non-irrigated fields, the four transgenic lines grew normally, but with increased ear weight and yield compared with the WT plants.  Moreover, the ear weight and yield of the transgenic hybrids resulting from the PH4CV-T×PH6WC-W and Chang7-2-T×Zheng58-W crosses increased in the non-irrigated field.  Our results demonstrated that the growth and drought tolerance of four transgenic inbred maize lines with improved photosynthesis were enhanced by the overexpression of ZmVPP1.  Moreover, the Chang7-2 and PH4CV transgenic lines may be useful for future genetic improvements of maize hybrids to increase drought tolerance.
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16. Effects of post-silking water deficit on the leaf photosynthesis and senescence of waxy maize
YE Yu-xiu, WEN Zhang-rong, YANG Huan, LU Wei-ping, LU Da-lei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (9): 2216-2228.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63158-6
摘要152)      PDF    收藏
Waxy maize is widely cultivated under rainfed conditions and frequently suffers water shortage during the late growth stage.  In this study, a pot trial was conducted to examine the effects of post-silking drought on leaf photosynthesis and senescence and its influence on grain yield.  Two waxy maize hybrids, Suyunuo 5 (SYN5) and Yunuo 7 (YN7), were grown under the control and drought (soil moisture content was 70–80% and 50–60%, respectively) conditions after silking in 2016 and 2017.  The decrease in yield was 11.1 and 15.4% for YN7 and SYN5, respectively, owing to the decreased grain weight and number.  Post-silking dry matter accumulation was reduced by 27.2% in YN7 and 26.3% in SYN5.  The contribution rate of pre-silking photoassimilates transferred to grain yield was increased by 15.6% in YN7 and 10.2% in SYN5, respectively.  Post-silking drought increased the malondialdehyde content, but decreased the contents of water, soluble protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoid in the leaves.  The weakened activities of enzymes involved in photosynthesis (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and antioxidant system (catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) reduced the photosynthetic rate (Pn) and accelerated leaf senescence.  The correlation results indicated that reduced Pn and catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde content under drought conditions induced the decrease of post-silking photoassimilates deposition, ultimately resulted in the grain yield loss.
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17. Key indicators affecting maize stalk lodging resistance of different growth periods under different sowing dates
WANG Qun, XUE Jun, CHEN Jiang-lu, FAN Ying-hu, ZHANG Guo-qiang, XIE Rui-zhi, MING Bo, HOU Peng, WANG Ke-ru, LI Shao-kun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (10): 2419-2428.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63259-2
摘要180)      PDF    收藏
The accurate evaluation of maize stalk lodging resistance in different growth periods enables timely management of lodging risks and ensures stable and high maize yields.  Here, we established five different sowing dates to create different conditions for maize growth.  We evaluated the effects of the different growth conditions on lodging resistance by determining stalk morphology, moisture content, mechanical strength and dry matter, and the relationship between stalk breaking force and these indicators during the silking stage (R1), milk stage (R3), physiological maturity stage (R6), and 20 days after R6.  Plant height at R1 positively affected stalk breaking force.  At R3, the coefficient of ear height and the dry weight per unit length of basal internodes were key indicators of stalk lodging resistance.  At R6, the key indicators were the coefficient of the center of gravity height and plant fresh weight.  After R6, the key indicator was the coefficient of the center of gravity height.  The crushing strength of the fourth internode correlated significantly and positively with the stalk breaking force from R1 to R6, which indicates that crushing strength is a reliable indicator of stalk mechanical strength.  These results suggest that high stalk strength and low ear height benefit lodging resistance prior to R6.  During and after R6, the coefficient of the center of gravity height and the mechanical strength of basal internodes can be used to evaluate plant lodging resistance and the appropriate time for harvesting in fields with a high lodging risk.
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18. Kernel crack characteristics for X-ray computed microtomography (μCT) and their relationship with the breakage rate of maize varieties
DONG Peng-fei, XIE Rui-zhi, WANG Ke-ru, MING bo, HOU Peng, HOU Jun-feng, XUE Jun, LI Chao-hai, LI shao-kun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (11): 2680-2689.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63230-0
摘要126)      PDF    收藏
The most significant problem of maize grain mechanical harvesting quality in China at present is the high grain breakage rate (BR).  BR is often the key characteristic that is measured to select hybrids desirable for mechanical grain harvesting.  However, conventional BR evaluation and measurement methods have challenges and limitations.  Microstructural crack parameters evaluation of maize kernel is of great importance to BR.  In this connection, X-ray computed microtomography (μ-CT) has proven to be a quite useful method for the assessment of microstructure, as it provides important microstructural parameters, such as object volume, surface, surface/volume ratio, number of closed pores, and others.  X-ray computed microtomography is a non-destructive technique that enables the reuse of samples already measured and also yields bidimensional (2D) cross-sectional images of the sample as well as volume rendering.  In this paper, six different maize hybrid genotypes are used as materials, and the BR of the maize kernels of each variety is tested in the field mechanical grain harvesting, and the BR is used as an index for evaluating the breakage resistance of the variety.  The crack characteristic parameters of kernel were detected by X-ray micro-computed tomography, and the relationship between the BR and the kernel crack characteristics was analyzed by stepwise regression analysis.  Establishing a relationship between crack characteristic parameters and BR of maize is vital for judging breakage resistance.  The results of stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) showed that the crack characteristics of the object surface, number of closed pores, surface of closed pores, and closed porosity percent were significantly correlated to the BR of field mechanical grain harvesting, with the standard partial regression coefficients of –0.998, –0.988, –0.999, and –0.998, respectively.  The R2 of this model was 0.999.  Results validation showed that the Stepwise MLR Model could well predict the BR of maize based on these four variables. 
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19. Giving maize an excited start – Effects of dopamine on maize germination
CHENG Hang-yuan, WANG Xing, FENG Tian-yu, PENG Chuan-xi, WANG Wei, YANG Mu-yu, ZHOU Yu-yi
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (11): 2690-2698.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63252-X
摘要127)      PDF    收藏
Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter which takes charge of brain activities about memory and self-stimulation behavior in animals.  Interestingly, our results suggest that DA could also give maize an “excited state”.  The results showed that 1  mmol L–1 DA promoted maize germination by 23.2% significantly, and accelerated the growth rate of roots and shoots by 21.4 and 24.7%, respectively.  As we all known, abscisic acid (ABA) is the key hormone involved in seed dormancy.  In our research, ABA levels in roots and shoots dramatically decreased by 16.45 and 57.57%, respectively.  To further investigate how DA reduces the ABA level in budding seed, we studied ABA synthesis and catabolism pathway.  Specific expression of key ABA-synthesis genes, such as ZmNCED1, ZmNCED3 and ZmZEP were down-regulated by DA.  Simultaneously, the expression levels of ABA8OX1a and ABA8OX1b which are major transcripts of ABA 8´-hydroxylase in ABA catabolism were up-regulated at least 1.5- and 4.6-fold, respectively.  Our results enriched the functions of animal hormones in plants.
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20. Innovation of the double-maize cropping system based on cultivar growing degree days for adapting to changing weather conditions in the North China Plain
WANG Dan, LI Guo-rui, ZHOU Bao-yuan, ZHAN Ming, CAO Cou-gui, MENG Qing-feng, XIA Fei, MA Wei, ZHAO Ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (12): 2997-3012.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63213-0
摘要112)      PDF    收藏
Double-maize cropping system is an effective option for coping with climate change in the North China Plain.  However, the effects of changes in climate on the growth and yield of maize in the two seasons are poorly understood.  Forty-six cultivars of maize with different requirements for growing degree days (GDD), categorized as high (H), medium (M) or low (L), and three cultivar combinations for two seasons as LH (using JD27 and DMY1 from category L in the first season; and YD629 and XD22 from category H in the second season), MM (using JX1 and LC3 from category M in the first season; and ZD958 and JX1 from category M in the second season) and HL (using CD30 and QY9 from category H in the first season; and XK10 and DMY3 from category L in the second season) were tested to examine the eco-physiological determinants of maize yield from 2015 to 2017.  The correlations between the combinations of cultivars and grain yield were examined.  The combination LH produced the highest annual grain yield and total biomass, regardless of the year.  It was followed, in decreasing order, by MM and HL.  Higher grain yield and biomass in LH were mainly due to the greater grain yield and biomass in the second season, which were influenced mainly by the lengths of the pre- and post-silking periods and the rate of plant growth (PGR).  Temperature was the primary factor that influenced dry matter accumulation.  In the first season, low temperatures during pre-silking decreased both the duration and PGR in LH, whereas high temperatures during post-silking decreased the PGR in MM and HL, resulting in no significant differences in biomass being observed among the three combinations.  In the second season, high temperatures decreased both the PGR and pre- and post-silking duration in MM and HL, and consequently, the biomass of those two combinations were lower than that in LH.  Moreover, because of lower GDD and radiation in the first season and higher grain yield in the second season, production efficiency of temperature and radiation (Ra) was the highest in LH.  More importantly, differences in temperature and radiation in the two seasons significantly affected the rate and duration of growth in maize, and thereby affecting both dry matter and grain yield.  Our study indicated that the combination of LH is the best for optimizing the double-maize system under changing climatic conditions in the North China Plain.
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21. N, P and K use efficiency and maize yield responses to fertilization modes and densities
LI Guang-hao, CHENG Qian, LI Long, LU Da-lei, LU Wei-ping
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (1): 78-86.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63214-2
摘要176)      PDF    收藏

合理的种植密度和施肥方式是提高玉米产量和养分利用效率的重要栽培措施。本研究于2016-2017年大田试验条件下设置3个种植密度(60000、75000和90000株 hm-2)和3个施肥方式(0F:不施肥,SF:缓释肥一次性基施,CF:常规肥分播种期和拔节期2次施用),研究其对玉米产量与养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明:不同处理中,种植密度75000株 hm-2结合SF的产量与氮、磷、钾利用效率均最高。与CF相比,SF能够显著增加花后干物质积累量,促进花前和花后植株对氮、磷、钾的吸收,增加籽粒中氮、磷、钾含量,进而提高氮、磷、钾的利用效率。密度75000株 hm-2下,与CF相比,SF的氮、磷、钾吸收效率和偏生产力,氮、磷回收利用率均较高。随密度增加,CF与SF的籽粒产量、干物质积累量和养分利用效率均先增后降。基于2年产量与养分利用效率变化特征,种植密度75000株 hm-2结合缓释肥一次性基施可显著提高江苏省春玉米产量和氮、磷、钾利用效率。


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22. Metabolic responses to combined water deficit and salt stress in maize primary roots
LI Peng-cheng, YANG Xiao-yi, WANG Hou-miao, PAN Ting, YANG Ji-yuan, WANG Yun-yun, XU Yang, YANG Ze-feng, XU Chen-wu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (1): 109-119.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63242-7
摘要143)      PDF    收藏

土壤干旱和盐胁迫是植物生长和农业生产力的主要限制因素。主胚根是感知干旱和盐分胁迫信号的第一个器官。研究发现,与对照植株相比,遭受干旱、高盐和复合胁迫的玉米植株的主胚根长度明显变短。利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定了玉米主胚根在干旱、高盐和复合胁迫下代谢产物的变化。本研究共测定86种代谢产物,包括29种氨基酸和胺,21种有机酸,4种脂肪酸,6种磷酸,10种多糖,10种多元醇和6种其他代谢物。其中,53个代谢物在不同胁迫下均有显著变化,且大部分代谢物含量呈下降趋势。共计4种和18种代谢物分别对三种处理均有显著的上调和下调。糖和多元醇等可溶性物质的含量增加以维持渗透平衡。TCA循环中柠檬酸、酮戊二酸、延胡索酸、苹果酸的水平显著降低,莽草酸途径中奎宁酸、莽草酸等代谢物含量显著降低。本研究揭示了主胚根在干旱和盐胁迫复合作用下的复杂代谢反应,拓展了我们对玉米根系对非生物耐受性反应机制的理解。


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23. Difference in corn kernel moisture content between pre- and post-harvest
LI Lu-lu, MING Bo, XUE Jun, GAO Shang, WANG Ke-ru, XIE Rui-zhi, HOU Peng, LI Shao-kun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (7): 1775-1782.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63245-2
摘要109)      PDF    收藏

玉米田间籽粒收获相对于穗收能够节省后续运输、晾晒和脱粒等环节的人工成本,然而粒收后籽粒含水率出现升高的现象,降低了籽粒品质。为明确收获前后籽粒含水率差异的原因,本研究利用黄淮海平原多年多点玉米粒收试验以及在籽粒不同含水率阶段的分期收获试验,观测收获前、后籽粒含水率,破碎率,杂质率以及植株各器官含水率。在多年多点试验中,411组测试样本表明,粒收作业后籽粒含水率较收获前含水率值平均高出2.2%。分期收获试验结果表明,当收前籽粒含水率低于23.9%时,收获前、后测试结果没有显著差异,而当收前含水率高于23.9%后,收获后籽粒含水率测试值显著升高;收获后籽粒含水率增加值与收前籽粒含水率、破碎率、杂质率呈极显著正相关。通常,黄淮海夏玉米区收获期植株成熟度低、籽粒含水率高,造成较多的破碎和杂质,进而导致收获后籽粒含水率测试值升高。因此,我们建议选择生育后期植株落黄快的品种,并适当延迟收获期,降低收前籽粒含水率,从而降低破碎率和杂质率,提高收获后籽粒品质,推动中国玉米粒收发展


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24. The effect of elevating temperature on the growth and development of reproductive organs and yield of summer maize
SHAO Rui-xin, YU Kang-ke, LI Hong-wei, JIA Shuang-jie, YANG Qing-hua, ZHAO Xia, ZHAO Ya-li, LIU Tian-xu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (7): 1783-1795.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63304-4
摘要118)      PDF    收藏

相对其它作物,玉米生产虽然需要较高的温度,但35℃以上高温不利于玉米产量的形成。在华北平原地区,≥35℃ 的温度在夏玉米营养生长和生殖生长并进阶段普遍发生,并对玉米产量的形成造成不可逆的伤害。因此,本文研究了9叶期至抽雄期增温对夏玉米产量形成过程的影响。结果表明,持续增温导致了花丝的伸长速率和活力下降、开花吐丝间隔期增加、果穗顶端穗粒数减少,最终影响了产量。尽管抽雄前持续增温破坏了雄花序中花药的结构,花粉活力因此降低,散粉推迟和散粉时间缩短。但是,从表型、生理层面分析,此时期的持续增温可能对雌穗的生长发育影响更加显著。总之,在玉米营养生长和生殖生长并进阶段,持续增温导致雌雄穗生长受阻,最终引起果穗秃尖和产量的大幅度降低


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25. Comparative transcriptome analysis of different nitrogen responses in low-nitrogen sensitive and tolerant maize genotypes
DU Qing-guo, YANG Juan, Shah SYED MUHAMMAD SADIQ, YANG Rong-xin, YU Jing-juan, LI Wen-xue
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (8): 2043-2055.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63220-8
摘要204)      PDF    收藏

尽管目前的研究极大地促进了我们对于植物适应低氮胁迫的认知,但是关于不同作物基因型适应低氮胁迫能力不同的机制仍需要进一步探讨。本文中,我们根据田间条件下304份玉米自交系对低氮胁迫的耐受性,从中选择了Ye478(低氮胁迫敏感材料)和Qi319(耐受低氮胁迫材料)进行进一步的研究。首先我们对Ye478和Qi319正常氮水培和低氮水培的地上部和根部构建了16个转录组文库,并进行高通量测序。结果分析发现Qi319根系中特异上调表达的基因主要富集在代谢能相关途径,包括三羧酸代谢过程和烟酰胺代谢过程。在低氮胁迫处理5天后,仅在Ye478中观察到老叶变黄的表型;与Qi319相比,在Ye478地上部特异下调表达的基因主要与类囊体、叶绿体、光合膜和叶绿体基质等有关。对转录因子进行分析,共有216个转录因子在Ye478和Qi319之间差异表达,表明氮胁迫响应路径中的转录调控在不同作物基因型适应低氮胁迫中起重要作用。此外,在Ye478和Qi319中还发现了15个差异表达的miRNAs。综上所述,我们的研究有助于了解玉米耐受低氮胁迫的遗传变异和分子基础。


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26. Lignin metabolism regulates lodging resistance of maize hybrids under varying planting density
LI Bin, GAO Fei, REN Bai-zhao, DONG Shu-ting, LIU Peng, ZHAO Bin, ZHANG Ji-wang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (8): 2077-2089.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63346-9
摘要220)      PDF    收藏

夏玉米品种及其种植密度是影响玉米抗倒伏能力的主要因素。本试验从木质素代谢的角度来探究不同玉米品种的抗倒伏能力及其种植密度调控。研究结果表明,抗倒伏夏玉米品种登海605 (DH605)具有较低的重心和良好的茎秆形态特征,这是其抗倒伏能力显著高于浚单20(XD20)的原因之一。DH605的木质素积累量、木质素合成途径关键酶活性以及G、S和H型木质素单体含量均显著高于XD20。随着种植密度的增加,两种品种的茎秆机械强度、木质素积累量和木质素合成途径关键酶活性均显著降低,G型木质素单体含量呈现先减少后保持稳定的趋势,S型木质素单体含量呈下降趋势,H木质素型单体含量呈上升趋势。相关性分析表明,倒伏率与植株性状及木质素代谢显著相关。因此,抗倒伏能力强的玉米具有木质素积累量高、木质素合成途径关键酶活性高、S型单体含量高、重心低、茎穿刺强度高、皮质厚度高、维管束面积小等特点,同时,高种植密度降低了茎秆木质素的积累、酶活性和机械强度,进而导致倒伏率提高


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27. Variation of carbon partitioning in newly expanded maize leaves and plant adaptive growth under extended darkness
LIANG Xiao-gui, SHEN Si, GAO Zhen, ZHANG Li, ZHAO Xue, ZHOU Shun-li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (9): 2360-2371.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63351-2
摘要142)      PDF    收藏

本研究为了量化不同“C饥饿”水平下玉米叶片C固定及其分配,并分析其与植株适应性生长之间的关系,利用室内液体培养玉米植株,在6叶展期进行连续三天的延长黑暗(ED)处理。结果表明,ED处理显著降低了植株生长和叶片叶绿素水平,但单位叶片CO2气体交换速率没有明显变化。由于延长黑暗缩短了光合时长,降低了日光合同化产物积累,成熟叶片中的淀粉和可溶性碳水化合物(TSC)日累积量也呈下降趋势。然而,ED处理下叶片淀粉和TSC积累量占日同化C总量的比例却有所增加。这些“暂储性”C大部分以TSC形式存在,并且主要为增加的夜间呼吸消耗所用而非转运至库器官。另一方面,随着时间的推移,不同处理叶片中的“暂储性”C累积量及其占日同化C总量的比例均呈下降趋势,这主要是由于叶片淀粉合成下降所致。叶片中的腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶和可溶性淀粉合酶活性随时间推移显著下降。因此,我们认为淀粉和TSC都参与了C突然短缺时植株生长和C供应之间的协调,但可能存在不同的作用方式。在突然的“C饥饿”情况下,植株将更高比例的同化产物留存在叶片中,以维持叶片功能。同时,成熟叶片中的“暂储性”C量及其占日同化C总量的比例随时间推移不断下降,以满足库器官的持续性生长需求。


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28. Does nitrogen application rate affect the moisture content of corn grains?
ZHANG Yuan-meng, XUE Jun, ZHAI Juan, ZHANG Guo-qiang, ZHANG Wan-xu, WANG Ke-ru, MING Bo, HOU Peng, XIE Rui-zhi, LIU Chao-wei, LI Shao-kun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (10): 2627-2638.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63401-3
摘要89)      PDF    收藏

本研究2017年和2018年的种植密度为12.0×104 株 ha-1,在施氮量为0-450 kg ha-1范围内设置4种不同氮肥处理;2019年种植密度分别为7.5×104和12.0×104 株 ha-1,在施氮量为0-765 kg ha-1范围内设置18种不同氮肥处理。通过测定不同处理下玉米生育期、绿叶的叶面积指数(LAI)、籽粒含水量和籽粒脱水率指标,阐明施氮量对玉米籽粒含水量的影响。结果表明,施氮量从0增加到765 kg ha-1,玉米吐丝期推迟约1天,成熟期推迟约1-2天。在生理成熟期和生理成熟期后,不同施氮量处理下籽粒含水量极差为1.9-4.0%。随着施氮量的增加,生理成熟后玉米籽粒的脱水率降低,但施氮量与籽粒脱水率之间没有统计学意义。生理成熟期叶面积指数与生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率之间无显著相关性。总之,施氮对玉米生理成熟期和成熟后籽粒含水量均有影响,但不同施氮量对籽粒含水量的影响较小。以上结果表明,在生产中不需要考虑施氮对玉米籽粒含水量的影响


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29. Drip irrigation incorporating water conservation measures: Effects on soil water–nitrogen utilization, root traits and grain production of spring maize in semi-arid areas
WU Yang, BIAN Shao-feng, LIU Zhi-ming, WANG Li-chun, WANG Yong-jun, XU Wen-hua, ZHOU Yu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (12): 3127-3142.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63314-7
摘要252)      PDF    收藏

东北平原是中国最大的玉米产区。近年来滴灌技术开始在该区推广应用,以解决玉米生产中干旱频发和水分利用效率(WUE)低下的问题。为确定高效和环境友好的灌溉措施,2016-2018年针对滴灌结合不同农田保水措施进行了大田试验研究,处理如下:(1)塑料薄膜覆盖+滴灌(PI),(2)生物降解膜覆盖+滴灌(BI),(3)秸秆深翻还田+滴灌(SI),(4)浅埋滴灌(OI),以传统沟灌(FI)为对照。PI和BI处理根长密度(RLD)和营养生长期间土温较高,其产量、WUE和氮素利用效率(NUE)最高。与BI相比,PI处理在20-60 cm和60-100 cm土层中消耗了更多的土壤水分,且0-20 cm土壤上层根系较大,生殖生长期间土温较高,根系和叶片衰老进程加快。SI处理能有效提高土壤水分和硝态氮含量,促进深层RLD增加,从而维持了花后较高的生理活性。FI处理与滴灌相比,60-100 cm土壤深层硝态氮含量较高,增加了氮素淋溶损失的风险。0-20 cm土层中,RLD与产量、WUE和NUE极显著正相关(P<0.001),与根系氮利用效率(NRE)显著负相关(P<0.05),这一相关性随土层加深而减弱。在干旱条件下,降解膜覆盖与滴灌耦合有利于玉米稳产和提高土壤水氮利用效率,是一项东北区玉米可持续生产与环境友好的推荐技术。


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30. Maize grain yield and water use efficiency in relation to climatic factors and plant population in northern China
LIU Yue-e, HOU Peng, HUANG Gui-rong, ZHONG Xiu-li, LI Hao-ru, ZHAO Jiu-ran, LI Shao-kun, MEI Xu-rong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (12): 3156-3169.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63428-1
摘要222)      PDF    收藏

目前缺水已成为制约作物产量进一步提高的主要因素,如何提高水资源利用效率(WUE)已成为我国农业亟待解决的问题。为研究玉米产量和水分利用效率对气象因素及群体变化的响应,我们在全国25个试验点安排了不同玉米群体的多点试验,不同的玉米群体由不同株型玉米品种(紧凑型和半紧凑型)和不同种植密度(30000株/ha、60000株/ha和90000株/ha)构成。研究发现:随着降雨量的增加,玉米产量呈现先增加后降低的趋势,水分利用效率随着降雨量的增加显著降低,60000株/ha种植密度的产量和WUE>90000株/ha>30000株/ha。通过分析WUE与主要气象因子的关系发现:水分利用效率与在各生育阶段(播种-吐丝、吐丝-成熟/收获、播种-成熟/收获和全年)的降水量(和R)呈显著负相关,与温度(TmTM–m和GDD)、太阳辐射(Ra)呈正相关。为了研究不同玉米群体的水分蒸散特征,我们进一步安排了不同玉米群体的定点试验,研究发现:随着玉米群体的增大,玉米需水量显著增加,而土壤蒸发量显著减少。不同株型品种间及不同种植密度间玉米需水量和土壤蒸发量也存在显著差异。分析品种和种植密度对WUE的影响发现:选择抗旱杂交品种和适宜种植密度WUE分别提高21.70%和14.92%,表明选用抗旱杂交种比改变种植密度对WUE的提高作用更显著。综合考虑气象影响,采用ZD958等抗旱品种和60000株/ha的种植密度是提高我国北部玉米产量和WUE的有效途径


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31. JIA-2021-2042   1964至2014年间中国育成玉米单交种的 籽粒灌浆特性演变规律研究
GAO Xing, LI Yong-xiang, YANG Ming-tao, LI Chun-hui, SONG Yan-chun, WANG Tian-yu, LI Yu, SHI Yun-su
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (3): 691-700.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.006
摘要219)      PDF    收藏

灌浆是籽粒形成的重要生理过程,直接决定最终产量。本研究以19642014年间在中国育成的50个代表性玉米单交种为试验材料,在多环境下对玉米籽粒灌浆特性演变规律进行研究。结果表明,籽粒灌浆快增期Effective grain filling phase)的灌浆速率(43.40%)与灌浆持续时间(54.46%)对百粒重的形成具有重要作用。同时发现,随着不同时期育成单交种百粒重的显著增加,实际灌浆期(Actual grain filling period durationAFPD)表现持续上升,每10年有效积温平均增加23.41 ℃day。但对生理成熟期Days from sowing to physiological maturity,DPM)而言,每10年有效积温仅平均增加19.76°C d,播种至吐丝的天数Days from sowing to silking, DTS占整个生理成熟期的比例明显降低,由上世纪60年代的53.24%降至本世纪初的49.78%2010s)。另外,还发现不同年代间中国育成单交种的各阶段籽粒灌浆速率均不存在显著差异,但籽粒灌浆相关性状的稳定性明显改善。本土育种家选育单交种与国外种子企业选育单交种的灌浆特性进行比较发现外来品种的籽粒快增期灌浆持续时间更长、灌浆相关性状的稳定性更高。根据本研究的结果,认为缩短播种至吐丝的天数,延长籽粒灌浆持续时间,提高籽粒灌浆速率,并继续提升籽粒灌浆相关性状的稳定性将有利于未来玉米品种产量的进一步提高。

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32. 利用蛋白质组学和转录组学揭示优质蛋白玉米中贮藏蛋白再平衡过程
ZHAO Hai-liang, QIN Yao, XIAO Zi-yi, SUN Qin, GONG Dian-ming, QIU Fa-zhan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (5): 1308-1323.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.031
摘要207)      PDF    收藏

优质蛋白玉米(QPM)胚乳比普通玉米胚乳含有更高比例的赖氨酸、色氨酸和蛋氨酸等必须氨基酸,因此极大的提高了玉米的营养品质但是由于QPM中储藏蛋白再平衡的机制有待完善从而阻碍了QPM的育种进程本研究使用蛋白质组和转录组技术对opaque2 (o2)  QPM中储藏蛋白再平衡的过程进行探究。 Mo17o2  QPM 中同时鉴定到差异表达蛋白(DEP)的编码基因显著富集在与储藏蛋白、淀粉和氨基酸合成相关的通路中,表明相关通路在储藏蛋白再平衡的过程中发挥作用同时发现在这些DEP中有 178 前人报道过的非醇溶蛋白类型的储藏蛋白,上调表达的非醇溶蛋白富含赖氨酸、色氨酸和蛋氨酸,从而提高了QPM的蛋白品质。利用共表达网络分析筛选一些 QPM 起调控储藏蛋白合成作用的调控因子,这其中包括前人已经证实过的储藏蛋白的关键调控因子如 O2PBF1 以及一些新发现的转录因子。研究鉴定到一些在 QPM 中上调表达的富含赖氨酸、色氨酸和蛋氨酸的非醇溶蛋白及其调控因子,该结果不仅有助于阐明QPM中蛋白品质提高的原因,揭示QPM储藏蛋白再平衡的发生过程也可为QPM的改良提供基因资源和理论指导

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33. 玉米B-box锌指蛋白家族基因的鉴定、进化、表达及蛋白互作分析
XU Xiao-hui, LI Wen-lan, YANG Shu-ke, ZHU Xiang-zhen, SUN Hong-wei, LI Fan, LU Xing-bo, CUI Jin-jie
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (2): 371-388.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.091
摘要526)      PDF    收藏

B-box(BBX)基因家族编码的蛋白是由包含锌指结构的转录因子组成,其N端有一个或两个高度保守的B-box基序。BBX蛋白在植物生长发育的各个方面起着至关重要的作用,包括幼苗的光形态发生、避荫、开花时间以及生物和非生物胁迫响应。目前,各国的研究者已经从几种植物中鉴定了BBX的家族成员,然而玉米中的BBX家族成员还知之甚少。通过对玉米BBX家族基因的全基因组鉴定、表达和互作的综合分析,可为了解其功能提供有用信息。本研究共鉴定出36个玉米BBX家族成员,进化分析显示其分布于三个主要分支。在每个主分支中ZmBBXs都具有相似的结构域、基序和基因组结构。基因重复分析表明,玉米BBX蛋白家族的扩张主要是通过片段重复来完成的。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术,本研究分析了ZmBBXs在不同器官组织和不同非生物胁迫条件下的表达。利用生物信息学工具,本研究建立了ZmBBXs蛋白的相互作用网络,并通过双分子荧光互补(BiFC)试验进行了验证。本研究的发现有助于理解ZmBBX家族的复杂性,并为揭示ZmBBX蛋白的生物学功能提供新的线索。

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34. Dek219编码DICER-LIKE1蛋白影响玉米染色质可及性和籽粒发育
XIE Si-di, TIAN Ran, ZHANG Jun-jie, LIU Han-mei, LI Yang-ping, HU Yu-feng, YU Guo-wu, HUANG Yu-bi, LIU Ying-hong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (10): 2961-2980.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.024
摘要369)      PDF    收藏

染色质可及性在基因转录调控中起着至关重要作用。然而,染色质可及性的调控机制,及其调控玉米关键基因表达和籽粒发育的机制尚不清楚。本研究中,我们分离了一个玉米籽粒突变体,将其命名为dek219,该突变体表现为粉质胚乳和胚停止发育。Dek219编码DICER-LIKE1 (DCL1)蛋白,一种miRNA生物发生的必需酶。Dek219功能缺失导致大多数miRNAs和组蛋白基因的表达水平显著降低。进一步研究表明,热激转录因子Hsf17-Zm00001d016571模块可能是影响组蛋白基因表达的因素之一。转座酶可及染色质测序分析(ATAC-seq)表明,与野生型(WT)相比,dek219的染色质可及性发生了改变,这可能调控了籽粒发育中关键基因的表达。通过分析WTdek219之间的差异表达基因(DEGs)和差异可染色质区域(ACRs),我们鉴定到119个受染色质可及性调控的候选基因,包括已报道的玉米籽粒发育关键基因。综上所述,这些结果表明Dek219影响染色质可及性和关键基因的表达,是玉米籽粒发育所必需的。

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35. 玉米冠根性状的遗传解析及其与地上部农艺性状的遗传关系
SHA Xiao-qian, GUAN Hong-hui, ZHOU Yu-qian, SU Er-hu, GUO Jian, LI Yong-xiang, ZHANG Deng-feng, LIU Xu-yang, HE Guan-hua, LI Yu, WANG Tian-yu, ZOU Hua-wen, LI Chun-hui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (11): 3394-3407.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.04.022
摘要238)      PDF    收藏

冠根系统是玉米营养期和生殖期最重要的根系组成部分。然而,玉米冠根性状的遗传基础及其与地上部农艺性状的关系尚不清楚。本研究以531个玉米优良自交系为研究对象,在不同的田间环境下,对其冠根相关性状和地上部农艺性状进行表型分析。结果表明,根系性状与开花时间、株型结构、籽粒产量等地上部农艺性状呈显著正相关。通过全基因组关联分析(GWAS)结合重测序,共鉴定出115关联位点和22个高置信候选基因。其中冠根与花期和植株构型有46QTL共定位,因此大约三分之一的冠根性状遗传变异可能要归因于开花时间和植株结构。此外,115个冠根位点中有103个89.6%)位于已知的驯化和改良选择范围内,这表明冠根在玉米驯化和改良过程中可能经历了间接选择。此外,Zm00001d036901是一个高置信候选基因,其表达可能与玉米冠根的表型变异有关,Zm00001d036901在玉米驯化改良过程中是受选择的。本研究促进了我们对根系结构遗传基础的理解,并为改进玉米根系结构提供了基因组学资源。

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36. 基于骨架图像的玉米植株结构多样性分析方法
LIU Min-guo, Thomas CAMPBELL, LI Wei, WANG Xi-qing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (12): 3804-3809.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.017
摘要120)      PDF    收藏

由于玉米植株的结构特征对其冠层的资源利用和对风雨等因素造成倒伏的忍耐能力以及产量的稳定性具有重要影响,因此受到广泛关注。量化自交系之间的形态多样性对于杂交育种至关重要,尤其在描述大量的种质资源时。然而,传统的几何描述方法过于简化植株结构并忽略了植株整体结构特征,因此难以反映和展示植株结构的多样性。本文介绍了一种新的描述玉米植株结构并量化其多样性的方法,该方法结合了计算机视觉算法和数学的持续同调理论。结果表明,持续同调方法可以捕捉玉米植株结构的关键特征和其他通常被传统几何分析方法所忽略的细节。基于这种方法,可以挖掘(量化)植株结构的形态多样性,并分析玉米植株结构的主要类型。

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37. 群体基因组分析揭示玉米胚性愈伤组织诱导能力的关键遗传变异与驱动力
Peng Liu, Langlang Ma, Siyi Jian, Yao He, Guangsheng Yuan, Fei Ge, Zhong Chen, Chaoying Zou, Guangtang Pan, Thomas Lübberstedt, Yaou Shen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (7): 2178-2195.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.06.032
摘要151)      PDF    收藏

玉米遗传转化高度依赖于幼胚诱导的胚性愈伤组织(embryonic callus, EC),而玉米胚性愈伤组织的诱导能力具有严重的基因型限制。本研究对具有不同胚性愈伤组织诱导能力的80份玉米自交系进行了基因组测序,利用新开发的流程工具(MQ2Gpipe)构建了该群体的高密度变异图谱。基于胚性愈伤组织诱导率(ratio of embryonic callus induction, REC)表型,将该群体划分成三个亚群。与高REC亚群相比,低REC亚群具有更丰富的遗传多样性。结合全基因组受选择区域分析与候选区段关联分析,本研究鉴定了与REC相关的95.23 Mb的遗传分化区域及43个关联REC的遗传变异。这些变异位点可以解释21.46%–49.46%的REC表型变异。在这些显著关联位点的连锁不平衡区域内共鉴定到103个与愈伤诱导能力相关的候选基因。这些基因主要参与了细胞周期调控、细胞分裂素调控等过程,其中MYB15EMB2745基因位于前人报道的一个与愈伤组织诱导相关的主效QTL区间。本研究发现,多个具有正效应的穗上叶面积遗传位点与几个高REC 关联的位点紧密连锁,这意味着在现代玉米自交系的选育过程中,高REC自交系可能在育种家选择优良株叶型的同时受到了协同负向选择而被淘汰。

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38. 玉米盐胁迫相关性状的遗传分析和候选基因鉴定
Hui Fang, Xiuyi Fu, Hanqiu Ge, Mengxue Jia, Jie Ji, Yizhou Zhao, Zijian Qu, Ziqian Cui, Aixia Zhang, Yuandong Wang, Ping Li, Baohua Wang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (7): 2196-2210.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.02.009
摘要162)      PDF    收藏
土壤盐碱化对全球玉米生产构成威胁。但玉米的耐盐机制尚不十分清楚,因此,鉴定玉米耐盐的遗传组分具有重要意义。本研究使用大刍草-玉米为双亲构建的BC2F7群体对21个玉米盐耐性相关性状的遗传基础进行调查。利用高密度遗传图谱,共检测到125个QTL,其中每个性状能够检测到1~5个QTL,每个QTL可以解释6.05-32.02%的表型变异。每个性状检测到的所有QTL解释的表型变异范围为6.84%~63.88%。在所有鉴定到的125个QTL中,只有三个是主效QTL,分布在6号染色体上的两个基因组区域中,涉及3个盐耐相关性状。此外,在8个性状中还检测到了10对具有加加效应的上位性互作QTL,这些互作效应能够解释0.9%~4.44%的表型变异。检测到了18个QTL热区,每个热区能够影响3-7个性状。在L5热区中,发现了一个由4个基因(ZmNSA1SAG6ZmCLCgZmHKT1;2)组成的基因簇,表明这个热区可能有多个基因参与玉米盐胁迫响应。最后,通过连锁和标记-性状关联分析的结合鉴定到两个重要的候选基因Zm00001d002090Zm00001d002391与盐耐相关性状显著关联。Zm00001d002090编码了一个钙离子依赖的脂质结合(CaLB结构域)家族蛋白,可能作为Ca2+传感器,将盐胁迫信号传递到下游。而Zm00001d002391编码属于C19相关亚家族的泛素特异性蛋白酶。我们的研究结果为解析玉米盐耐相关性状的遗传基础提供了宝贵的见解,并为育种家改良耐盐玉米品种提供了理论基础。
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