Maize grain yield and water use efficiency in relation to climatic factors and plant population in northern China

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63428-1

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2021, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (12): 3156-3169.DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63428-1

所属专题：玉米遗传育种合辑Maize Genetics · Breeding · Germplasm Resources；玉米耕作栽培合辑Maize Physiology · Biochemistry · Cultivation · Tillage

收稿日期:2020-06-17 出版日期:2021-12-01 发布日期:2021-10-20

Maize grain yield and water use efficiency in relation to climatic factors and plant population in northern China

LIU Yue-e^1*, HOU Peng^2*, HUANG Gui-rong³, ZHONG Xiu-li³, LI Hao-ru³, ZHAO Jiu-ran¹, LI Shao-kun², MEI Xu-rong³

¹ Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding/Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P.R.China
² Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China
³ Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P.R.China

Received:2020-06-17 Online:2021-12-01 Published:2021-10-20
Contact: Correspondence MEI Xu-rong, E-mail: meixurong@caas.cn; LI Shao-kun, E-mail: lishaokun@caas.cn; ZHAO Jiu-ran, E-mail: maizezhao@126.com
About author:LIU Yue-e, E-mail: lye0520@163.com; HOU Peng, Tel: +86-10-82108595, E-mail: houpeng@caas.cn; * These authors contributed equally to this study.
Supported by:
The first author thanks all the other co-authors’ support and assistance all the time. This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300106) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601247).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前缺水已成为制约作物产量进一步提高的主要因素，如何提高水资源利用效率(WUE)已成为我国农业亟待解决的问题。为研究玉米产量和水分利用效率对气象因素及群体变化的响应，我们在全国25个试验点安排了不同玉米群体的多点试验，不同的玉米群体由不同株型玉米品种(紧凑型和半紧凑型)和不同种植密度(30000株/ha、60000株/ha和90000株/ha)构成。研究发现：随着降雨量的增加，玉米产量呈现先增加后降低的趋势，水分利用效率随着降雨量的增加显著降低，60000株/ha种植密度的产量和WUE>90000株/ha>30000株/ha。通过分析WUE与主要气象因子的关系发现：水分利用效率与在各生育阶段(播种-吐丝、吐丝-成熟/收获、播种-成熟/收获和全年)的降水量(和R)呈显著负相关，与温度(T_m、T_M–m和GDD)、太阳辐射(Ra)呈正相关。为了研究不同玉米群体的水分蒸散特征，我们进一步安排了不同玉米群体的定点试验，研究发现：随着玉米群体的增大，玉米需水量显著增加，而土壤蒸发量显著减少。不同株型品种间及不同种植密度间玉米需水量和土壤蒸发量也存在显著差异。分析品种和种植密度对WUE的影响发现：选择抗旱杂交品种和适宜种植密度WUE分别提高21.70%和14.92%，表明选用抗旱杂交种比改变种植密度对WUE的提高作用更显著。综合考虑气象影响，采用ZD958等抗旱品种和60000株/ha的种植密度是提高我国北部玉米产量和WUE的有效途径。

Abstract:

Water scarcity has become a limiting factor for increasing crop production. Finding ways to improve water use efficiency (WUE) has become an urgent task for Chinese agriculture. To understand the response of different maize populations to changes in precipitation and the effects of changes in maize populations on WUE, this study conducted maize population experiments using maize hybrids with different plant types (compact and semi compact) and different planting densities at 25 locations across China. It was found that, as precipitation increased across different locations, maize grain yield first increased and then decreased, while WUE decreased significantly. Analyzing the relationship between WUE and the main climatic factors, this study found that WUE was significantly and negatively correlated with precipitation (R (daily mean precipitation) and R (accumulated precipitation)) and was positively correlated with temperature (T_M (daily mean maximum temperature), T_M–m (T_m, daily mean minimum temperature) and GDD (growing degree days)) and solar radiation (Ra (daily mean solar radiation) and Ra (accumulated solar radiation)) over different growth periods. Significant differences in maize grain yield, WUE and precipitation were found at different planting densities. The population densities were ranked as follows according to maize grain yield and WUE based on the multi-site experiment data: 60 000 plants ha^–1 (P₂)>90 000 plants ha^–1 (P₃)>30 000 plants ha^–1 (P₁). Further analysis showed that, as maize population increased, water consumption increased significantly while soil evaporation decreased significantly. Significant differences were found between the WUE of ZD958 (compact type) and that of LD981 (semi-compact type), as well as among the WUE values at different planting densities. In addition, choosing the optimum hybrid and planting density increased WUE by 21.70 and 14.92%, respectively, which showed that the hybrid played a more significant role than the planting density in improving WUE. Therefore, choosing drought-resistant hybrids could be more effective than increasing the planting density to increase maize grain yield and WUE in northern China. Comprehensive consideration of climatic impacts, drought-resistant hybrids (e.g., ZD958) and planting density (e.g., 60 000 plants ha^–1) is an effective way to increase maize grain yield and WUE across different regions of China.

Key words: maize , climatic factor , water utilization characteristics , water use efficiency , hybrids , planting density

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(12): 3156-3169.

LIU Yue-e, HOU Peng, HUANG Gui-rong, ZHONG Xiu-li, LI Hao-ru, ZHAO Jiu-ran, LI Shao-kun, MEI Xu-rong. Maize grain yield and water use efficiency in relation to climatic factors and plant population in northern China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(12): 3156-3169.

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Maize grain yield and water use efficiency in relation to climatic factors and plant population in northern China

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