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1. SUPER WOMAN 2 (SPW2) 通过抑制花同源异型基因OsMADS3OsMADS58OsMADS13DROOPING LEAF的表达维持小穗的器官特征
ZHUANG Hui, LAN Jin-song, YANG Qiu-ni, ZHAO Xiao-yu, LI Yu-huan, ZHI Jing-ya, SHEN Ya-lin, HE Guang-hua, LI Yun-feng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (1): 59-76.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.010
摘要287)      PDF    收藏

水稻的花器官特征主要由ABCE四类基因决定,它们大多编码MADS-box转录因子。然而,在花发育过程中,对于这些基因的表达如何被调控的研究很少。本研究报道了一个名为SUPER WOMAN 2SPW2)的基因,该基因在水稻的小穗/小花发育过程中通过调控雌蕊特征基因OsMADS3OsMADS13OsMADS58DL的表达发挥重要作用。SPW2突变导致小穗内的护颖、外稃、内稃、浆片和雄蕊中出现异位的柱头/子房状组织。通过图位克隆,我们揭示了SPW2编码一个植物特有的类EMF1蛋白,该蛋白是PRC2复合物的重要组成部分,并介导H3K27me3修饰。表达分析显示,SPW2突变导致OsMADS3OsMADS13OsMADS58DL在小穗的非雌蕊器官中异位表达。此外,ChIP-qPCR结果显示这些基因在染色质上的H3K27me3修饰水平显著降低。因此,我们的研究结果表明SPW2通过参与H3K27me3介导的雌蕊特征基因表观遗传沉默,进而调控它们在水稻小穗的非雌蕊器官中的表达。这项研究拓宽了我们对于SPW2通过表观遗传调控花器官特征基因的分子机制的认识。

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2. 优化秸秆隔层措施提高了盐碱土壤剖面中有机碳和全氮含量:基于连续四年的田间试验
CHANG Fang-di, WANG Xi-quan, SONG Jia-shen, ZHANG Hong-yuan, YU Ru, WANG Jing, LIU Jian, WANG Shang, JI Hong-jie, LI Yu-yi
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (6): 1870-1882.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.025
摘要219)      PDF    收藏

土壤盐渍化是限制干旱区农业生产的一个重要环境问题。将秸秆深还田至地表下40 cm处形成生物质隔层抑制土壤返盐的有效措施之一然而,不同用量秸秆隔层对盐碱土壤剖面有机碳(SOC)和总氮(TN)的遗留效应的影响尚不明确因此,本研究基于四年(2015-2018年)的不同用量(即061218 Mg·ha-1秸秆隔层处理田间定位试验,分析了秸秆隔层措施对盐碱土壤剖面中有机碳和全氮含量的影响。结果表明:与无秸秆隔层CK)相比,秸秆隔层处理的20-40 cm40-60 cm土层SOC含量分别增加了14-32%11-57%,TN含量分别增加了8-22%和6-34%SOC含量的增幅高于TN含量,从而20-60 cm土层的CN比增加。与CK相比,秸秆隔层处理的20-60 cm土层SOCTN含量的显著增加导致了土壤层化率0-20: 20-60 cm)的下降,促进了SOCTN在土壤剖面上的均匀分布。此外SOCTN含量均随秸秆隔层用量的增加而增加,同时秸秆隔层处理有效的水盐调控效果显著提升向日葵产量。综合比较12 Mg·ha-1的秸秆隔层处理SOCTNC:N比相对较高,土壤层化比率较低。以上结果表明,秸秆隔层措施在改善盐碱地底层土壤肥力方面有很大潜力,其遗留效应至少能维持4

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3. JIA-2021-2042   1964至2014年间中国育成玉米单交种的 籽粒灌浆特性演变规律研究
GAO Xing, LI Yong-xiang, YANG Ming-tao, LI Chun-hui, SONG Yan-chun, WANG Tian-yu, LI Yu, SHI Yun-su
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (3): 691-700.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.006
摘要221)      PDF    收藏

灌浆是籽粒形成的重要生理过程,直接决定最终产量。本研究以19642014年间在中国育成的50个代表性玉米单交种为试验材料,在多环境下对玉米籽粒灌浆特性演变规律进行研究。结果表明,籽粒灌浆快增期Effective grain filling phase)的灌浆速率(43.40%)与灌浆持续时间(54.46%)对百粒重的形成具有重要作用。同时发现,随着不同时期育成单交种百粒重的显著增加,实际灌浆期(Actual grain filling period durationAFPD)表现持续上升,每10年有效积温平均增加23.41 ℃day。但对生理成熟期Days from sowing to physiological maturity,DPM)而言,每10年有效积温仅平均增加19.76°C d,播种至吐丝的天数Days from sowing to silking, DTS占整个生理成熟期的比例明显降低,由上世纪60年代的53.24%降至本世纪初的49.78%2010s)。另外,还发现不同年代间中国育成单交种的各阶段籽粒灌浆速率均不存在显著差异,但籽粒灌浆相关性状的稳定性明显改善。本土育种家选育单交种与国外种子企业选育单交种的灌浆特性进行比较发现外来品种的籽粒快增期灌浆持续时间更长、灌浆相关性状的稳定性更高。根据本研究的结果,认为缩短播种至吐丝的天数,延长籽粒灌浆持续时间,提高籽粒灌浆速率,并继续提升籽粒灌浆相关性状的稳定性将有利于未来玉米品种产量的进一步提高。

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4. JIA-2021-2102 不同基因型大豆调控了其根际微生物群落结构
QU Zheng, LI Yue-han, XU Wei-hui, CHEN Wen-jing, HU Yun-long, WANG Zhi-gang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (2): 585-597.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.010
摘要244)      PDF    收藏

大豆根际具有特定的微生物群落,但不同基因型大豆之间微生物群落结构的差异尚未得到解释。本研究分析了三种基因型大豆根际微生物群落结构。通过多样性和群落结构分析,证明了不同基因型大豆根际微生物群落间的差异,且每种基因型都由特定的根际微生物群落组成。共现网络分析发现,不同基因型大豆具有不同的根际微生物网络,网络中根瘤菌和根际微生物之间的关系在不同基因型的植物宿主之间表现出显著差异。生态功能预测发现,不同基因型的大豆招募了特定功能的根际微生物。研究结果表明,大豆基因型调控了根际微生物群落结构的差异,为大豆微生物菌剂的开发提供了参考和理论支持。

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5. 玉米冠根性状的遗传解析及其与地上部农艺性状的遗传关系
SHA Xiao-qian, GUAN Hong-hui, ZHOU Yu-qian, SU Er-hu, GUO Jian, LI Yong-xiang, ZHANG Deng-feng, LIU Xu-yang, HE Guan-hua, LI Yu, WANG Tian-yu, ZOU Hua-wen, LI Chun-hui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (11): 3394-3407.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.04.022
摘要238)      PDF    收藏

冠根系统是玉米营养期和生殖期最重要的根系组成部分。然而,玉米冠根性状的遗传基础及其与地上部农艺性状的关系尚不清楚。本研究以531个玉米优良自交系为研究对象,在不同的田间环境下,对其冠根相关性状和地上部农艺性状进行表型分析。结果表明,根系性状与开花时间、株型结构、籽粒产量等地上部农艺性状呈显著正相关。通过全基因组关联分析(GWAS)结合重测序,共鉴定出115关联位点和22个高置信候选基因。其中冠根与花期和植株构型有46QTL共定位,因此大约三分之一的冠根性状遗传变异可能要归因于开花时间和植株结构。此外,115个冠根位点中有103个89.6%)位于已知的驯化和改良选择范围内,这表明冠根在玉米驯化和改良过程中可能经历了间接选择。此外,Zm00001d036901是一个高置信候选基因,其表达可能与玉米冠根的表型变异有关,Zm00001d036901在玉米驯化改良过程中是受选择的。本研究促进了我们对根系结构遗传基础的理解,并为改进玉米根系结构提供了基因组学资源。

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6. PcHY5甲基化调控‘红巴梨’和‘巴梨’的花青苷生物合成和转运
WEI Wei-lin, JIANG Fu-dong, LIU Hai-nan, SUN Man-yi, LI Qing-yu, CHANG Wen-jing, LI Yuan-jun, LI Jia-ming, WU Jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (11): 3256-3268.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.017
摘要204)      PDF    收藏

梨果皮的红色主要是由花青苷合成积累导致,以巴梨‘Bartlett’, BL)和红巴梨‘Max Red Bartlett’, MRB)为代表的芽变品种是研究梨果皮花青苷合成积累分子机制的理想材料。虽然早前的研究已通过遗传图谱定位了红巴梨果皮色泽的数量性状基因座(QTL),但是决定色泽突变的关键基因及调控机制尚不明确。因此,本研究以巴梨红巴梨为研究试材,通过对其果皮组织的转录组和DNA甲基化差异比较分析,发现红巴梨PcHY5 DNA甲基化水平低于巴梨,且PcHY5基因的表达量高于巴梨,由此推测PcHY5 DNA甲基化水平可能与巴梨红巴梨果皮颜色差异有关,并利用双荧光素酶试验证实了PcHY5不仅能激活花青苷合成相关转录因子PcMYB10PcMYB114,也能激活花青苷合成基因PcUFGT和转运基因PcGST,说明PcHY5不仅能调控花青苷的合成,还调控了花青苷的转运。进一步,对巴梨红巴梨PcHY5的关键差异甲基化位点进行了分析,发现红巴梨PcHY5内含子区域的低甲基化水平与果皮红色形成显著相关,而巴梨同一位点的高甲基化水平与果皮绿色显著相关。因此,基于巴梨红巴梨PcHY5基因差异表达和差异甲基化,结合基因的调控功能验证,推测红巴梨PcHY5 通过DNA低甲基化水平促进其自身基因表达,并调控花青苷合成和转运相关基因的表达,从而促进果皮着色。

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7. 基于GWAS的德州驴群体胸腰椎数候选基因的挖掘
SUN Yan, LI Yu-hua, ZHAO Chang-heng, TENG Jun, WANG Yong-hui , WANG Tian-qi, SHI Xiao-yuan, LIU Zi-wen, LI Hai-jing, WANG Ji-jing, WANG Wen-wen, NING Chao, WANG Chang-fa, ZHANG Qin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (10): 3159-3169.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.04.038
摘要284)      PDF    收藏
家畜脊椎数特别是胸腰椎数存在遗传变异,这些变异与家畜体长和产肉量有关。德州驴是我国著名的地方驴种之一,它的特点是体型大,适应性好,抗粗饲。德州驴群体中胸腰椎数也存在变异。【目的】本研究利用低深度重测序填充数据通过全基因组关联分析挖掘调控德州驴胸腰椎数性状相关的分子标记和候选基因,为未来多胸腰椎数驴的新品种培育奠定理论基础。【方法】对347头德州驴群体进行低深度的全基因组重测序,选用STITCH + Beagle的方法进行基因型的填充,对获得的SNPs进行质控后利用GEMMA软件的线性混合模型和GMMAT软件的logistic混合模型对胸腰椎数性状进行关联分析。SNPs数据进行了连锁不平衡过滤(=0.2)最终获得约35万个有效SNPs,用Bonferroni进行多重检验校正,设置了5%全基因组水平显著关联阈值线P ≤ 1.41×10-7= 0.05/353,672以及潜在显著关联的水平P ≤ 2.83×10-6= 1/353,672。最终对显著关联的SNPs进行候选基因的鉴定和单倍型分析。【结果】347头德州驴群体平均测序深度为,基因型填充后最终获得6,220,779 SNPs,利用18头高深度的德州驴群体对填充准确性进行评估,结果显示平均基因型相关系数是0.98。综合两个关联分析的模型,对于胸椎数性状,我们鉴定出38个全基因组水平显著关联的SNPs64个潜在显著关联的SNPs,涉及7个基因(NLGN1DCCSLC26A7TOXWNT7ALOC123286078LOC123280142)。对于腰椎数性状,我们鉴定了9个全基因组水平显著关联的SNPs38个潜在显著关联的SNPs,涉及8个基因(GABBR2FBXO4LOC123277146LOC123277359BMP7B3GAT1EML2LRP5)。其中多个显著关联SNPs存在紧密的连锁不平衡关系。【结论】本研究利用测序填充数据进行全基因组关联分析,鉴定了多个与胸腰椎数性状显著关联的SNPs和候选基因,其中WNT7A、BMP7LRP5已知的功能是通过Wnt信号通路和TGF-β信号通路在胚胎体节发育和骨形成过程中发挥作用,可能是驴差异胸腰椎数性状的关键候选基因。


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8. JIA-2021-1314 农艺措施通过影响降水利用过程中的不同阶段来改善旱作小麦的降水利用效率
YANG Wen-jia, LI Yu-lin, LIU Wei-jian, WANG Shi-wen, YIN Li-na, DENG Xi-ping
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (1): 92-107.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.102
摘要280)      PDF    收藏
在旱地作物生产中,低的降水利用效率(PUE)是导致其作物减产的重要原因之一。一般而言,PUE的高低取决于一个连续的、包含几个阶段的水分转化过程:即降水入渗到土壤中,入渗的降水被土壤储存,储存的降水通过蒸腾或蒸发被消耗,蒸腾消耗的降水被用于生产干物质,干物质重新转运分配至籽粒。这些阶段可以通过六个比率来量化:即降水入渗率(SW/SWe;SW,总有效水量,SWe,特定时期结束时的土壤有效储水量),降水留存率(SWe/P;P,有效降水),降水消耗率(ET/SW;ET,作物耗水量),蒸腾比率(T/ET;T,作物蒸腾量),蒸腾效率(B/T;B,地上部干物质增量)和收获指数(Y/B;Y,经济产量)。基于以上比率,PUE可以通过下述公式进行计算,即PUE=SWe/P×SW/SWe×ET/SW×T/ET×B/T×Y/B。在一个特定的生产体系中,量化这些比率有利于通过优化相应的农艺措施,进而有计划地改善PUE。在本研究中,我们量化并评估了四个农艺措施管理体系下的PUE的各个比率。结果表明,与传统的农民体系和高氮体系相比,施用有机肥或生物炭体系下的PUE和小麦产量显著提高了8–31%。相比于农民和高氮体系:在入渗和储存阶段,有机肥和生物炭体系降低了降水留存率,但提高了降水入渗率;在消耗阶段,由于返青期前耗水量减少而返青期后耗水量增加,施用有机肥和生物炭体系下的全年降水消耗率并未增加,但蒸腾比率显著提高;在最后两个阶段,蒸腾效率和收获指数仅在不同年际间差异较大,受不同处理的影响较小。因此,若想通过优化农艺措施提高旱地小麦PUE和产量,应着重于增加蒸腾比率及降水入渗率,同时保持全年降水消耗率不变以及收获时相对较低的降水留存率。


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9. PPAR gamma2:正调控鸡Plin1基因表达的PPARγ主要蛋白亚型
SUN Yu-hang, ZHAI Gui-ying, PANG Yong-jia, LI Rui, LI Yu-mao, CAO Zhi-ping, WANG Ning, LI Hui, WANG Yu-xiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (8): 2357-2371.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63896-0
摘要152)      PDF    收藏

本研究的目的旨在确定鸡PPARγPlin1基因调控作用,并阐明其确切的分子机制。本研究首先利用RT-qPCR技术检测PPARγ激动剂对cPlin1基因表达的影响,而后通过双荧光素酶报告基因和RT-qPCR技术分析PPARγcPlin1基因启动子活性和mRNA表达的影响,再通过免疫共沉淀和双荧光素酶报告基因技术研究PPARγ与RXRα的协同作用对cPlin1基因启动子活性的影响,最后通过启动子截短和突变分析以及凝胶阻滞技术确定cPlin1基因启动子中PPARγ2的具体调控位点。基因表达分析结果表明,PPARγ的特异性激动剂—曲格列酮可以显著增强(P<0.05)PPARγ的靶基因LPLA-FABPFAS基因Plin1基因的mRNA表达水平,提示cPlin1基因的表达可能受PPARγ的调控;进一步的报告基因和基因表达分析结果表明,PPARγ2能够显著促进P<0.01)cPlin1基因启动子活性及mRNA表达水平,但PPARγ1却无此作用;免疫共沉淀和报告基因结果表明,PPARγ与RXRα之间存在蛋白质相互作用;与单独过表达RXRα相比,共表达PPARγ2和RXRα显著增强(P<0.01)cPlin1基因的启动子活性,但共表达PPARγ1和RXRα则没有表现出类似的现象;启动子的截短及突变分析以及凝胶阻滞结果表明,PPARγ2可以cPlin1基因启动子的-1126/-1116位点结合促进P<0.01)cPlin1基因表达。与哺乳动物相似,(i)鸡PPARγPlin1基因的转录具有正调控作用,其中PPARγ2是发挥此调控作用的主要蛋白亚型;(ii)PPARγ2是通过与cPlin1基因启动子区域的-1126/-1116位点结合来实现促进cPlin1基因表达作用的。本研究的创新性是明确了鸡PPARγPlin1基因表达的调控作用并揭示了PPARγ2调控Plin1基因转录的分子机制


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10. 中国南方稻田通过少耕提高作物保护和农业生态系统的生物多样性
LU Qi-qi, SONG Yuan-feng, PAN Ke-qing, LI Yun, TANG Ming-xin, ZHONG Guo-hua, LIU Jie
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (8): 2345-2356.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63802-9
摘要221)      PDF    收藏

近几十年来,保护性农业(conservation agriculture,CA)因其有利于农业可持续性发展而获得广泛推广,但其对田间生物多样性和作物生产力的综合影响尚不清楚。本研究通过调查传统耕作(conventional tillage,CT),免耕(no tillageNT)和少耕(reduced tillageRT)三种耕作方式下稻田生物多样性和病、虫、草害等指标发现,降低耕作强度能显著降低稻田虫害、病害和杂草的发生,同时增加田间捕食性天敌数量,进而提高水稻产量。连续两年的调查结果显示,在CT模式下稻田主要害虫如稻飞虱和福寿螺发生量分别为74.78和9.91 m-2,而在RT模式分别为14.69和5.16 m-2,发生量显著降低,并且在RT模式下病害发生率和杂草密度也均有明显下降。同时,实施RT的稻田水稻产量(7477.01 kg ha-1)相比于CT(6489.19 kg ha-1)增加15.22%。此外,在CT模式下稻田害虫捕食性天敌的平均密度为11.22 m-2,而RT和NT模式下分别为19.7320.48,虫口数显著增加,同时丰富度也显著增加,说明CA对促进农业生态系统生物多样性有重要作用。综上所述,实施RT有利于水稻病虫草害防治,提高水稻产量和农业生态系统可持续性


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11. JIA-2021-0958 整合全基因组关联分析和选择信号分析揭示鸡F2群体骨骼肌产肉性状的遗传因子
LI Yu-dong, BAI Xue, LIU Xin , WANG Wei-jia, LI Zi-wei, WANG Ning, XIAO Fan, GAO Hai-he, GUO Huai-shun, LI Hui, WANG Shou-zhi
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (7): 2065-2075.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63805-4
摘要318)      PDF    收藏

本研究以东北农业大学鸡F2资源群体(NEAURP)为材料,利用 Illumina HiSeq PE150平台进行全基因组测序(26个F0个体进行10×重测序,519个F2个体进行3×重测序)。使用SAMtools进行SNP calling,BEAGLE 4.0在默认参数设置下进行基因型填充。经过质量控制和基因型填充后,共有7,890,258个SNPs用于分析。根据GRCg6a参考基因组,使用ANNOVAR软件进行SNP注释。基于混合线性模型(MLM),使用GEMMA软件进行全基因组关联分析。使用FST和π两种选择信号方法评估F2群体的遗传分化和遗传多样性。 GWAS与选择信号的整合分析表明,控制鸡骨骼肌产肉性状的遗传因子主要位于第1染色体(168.95Mb-172.43Mb)和第4染色体(74.37Mb-75.23Mb)上,共鉴定出17个可能影响目标性状的位置候选基因( LRCH1、CDADC1、CAB39L、LOC112531568、LOC112531569、FAM124A、FOXO1、NBEA、GPALPP1、RUBCNL、ARL11、KPNA3、LHFP、GBA3、LOC112532426、KCNIP4、SLIT2),其中KPNA3FOXO1是与鸡产肉性状相关的强烈候选基因。本研究的主要创新点是结合GWAS和选择信号分析方法解析鸡骨骼肌产肉性状的遗传结构,发现了一些新的影响鸡产肉性状的基因组区域和候选基因。

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12. Assessment of the potential toxicity of insecticidal compounds to Peristenus spretus, a parasitoid of mirid bugs
ZHAO Man, LI Yun-he, NIU Lin-lin, CHEN Lin, LIANG Ge-mei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (5): 1424-1435.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63597-3
摘要144)      PDF    收藏

随着我国Bt作物种植面积的增加,绿盲蝽和其他盲蝽逐渐成为重要农业害虫因为它们对作物中的Bt蛋白不敏感。此外,Bt作物种植后杀虫剂使用量的减少也增加了盲蝽爆发的严重程度。红颈常室茧蜂是一种盲蝽若虫的寄生蜂,但它对Bt蛋白的敏感性尚不清楚。在当前研究中,我们利用添加Bt蛋白(400 µg g-1)或不添加Bt蛋白的10%蜂蜜水,发展了一种评价Bt蛋白(Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry2Aa和Cry2Ab)对红颈常室茧蜂成虫影响的直接暴露试验体系。结果显示,红颈常室茧蜂成虫的存活和繁殖情况能够被半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂E-64(阳性对照)显著抑制,但不受供试5种Bt蛋白影响。此外,寄生蜂体内的消化酶、解毒酶和保护酶活性也不受供试Bt蛋白影响,但取食含E-64的饲料后,它们受到显著影响。然后我们建立了一种三级营养试验,来测定供试5种Bt蛋白对红颈常室茧蜂幼虫和蛹的影响,在这个试验中,以取食含有Cry蛋白饲料的盲蝽若虫作为红颈常室茧蜂的寄主昆虫。三级营养试验的结果显示,即使被寄主的绿盲蝽体内含有大量Bt蛋白,以它们为寄主的红颈常室茧蜂寄生蜂化蛹率和羽化率也没有受到显著影响。上述结果整体表明,研究中发展的这2个生物试验可以用来评价杀虫物质对红颈常室茧蜂的毒性,供试的Cry蛋白对红颈常室茧蜂无毒性


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13. The rhizospheric microbiome becomes more diverse with maize domestication and genetic improvement
HUANG Jun, LI Yun-feng, MA Yuan-ying, LI Yan-sheng, JIN Jian, LIAN Teng-xiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (4): 1188-1202.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63633-X
摘要188)      PDF    收藏

玉米在驯化和遗传改良过程中改变了形态及生理特性从而提高了产量和对胁迫的抗性,在这一过程中根际微生物的多样性可能也随之发生变化。了解玉米种质资源的进化如何影响其生长期的根际细菌结构,对于揭示植物-微生物之间的协同关系,进而提高驯化种质的产量具有重要意义。本研究在田间展开,选择9个具有代表性的驯化和遗传改良种质材料,分别在幼苗期、盛花期和成熟期对大雏草、地方种和自交系植物DNA和根际细菌DNA进行测序。检测并分析不同处理下土壤化学性质与细菌群落结构变化的关系。结果表明,玉米的驯化和遗传改良增加了根际细菌的多样性,改变了根际细菌的群落组成。根际中的核心微生物组在不同种质之间存在显著差异。共现网络分析表明,自交系的细菌网络模块性高于大雏草和地方品种。本研究最终表明:随着玉米的驯化和遗传改良,根际群落多样性随之增加,从而可以增强玉米对生物胁迫适应能力,提高对土壤养分的利用效率。


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14. miR-99a-5p inhibits target gene FZD5 expression and steroid hormone secretion from goat ovarian granulosa cells
ZHU Lu, JING Jing, QIN Shuai-qi, LU Jia-ni, ZHU Cui-yun, ZHENG Qi, LIU Ya, FANG Fu-gui, LI Yun-sheng, ZHANG Yun-hai, LING Ying-hui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (4): 1137-1145.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63766-8
摘要188)      PDF    收藏

MicroRNA对卵巢颗粒细胞的增殖、分化和分泌具有重要的调控作用,但miR-99a-5p在山羊卵巢颗粒细胞(GCs)中的作用尚不清楚。为探究miR-99a-5p在山羊GCs中的功能作用,我们从屠宰场收集了新鲜的山羊卵巢组织进行后续的荧光原位杂交和免疫组化试验;利用网站预测miR-99a-5p靶基因,通过双荧光素酶报告基因试验验证靶向关系;在分离培养的原代山羊卵巢颗粒细胞中过表达或敲低miR-99a-5p与其靶基因后,使用ELISA试剂盒检测细胞培养液中类固醇激素的含量。荧光原位杂交试验结果显示,miR-99a-5p在山羊卵巢颗粒细胞中表达,免疫组化结果显示其预测的靶基因FZD5也在颗粒细胞中表达;进一步的双荧光素酶报告基因试验表明FZD5是miR-99a-5p的一个靶基因(P<0.001),同时荧光定量和免疫印迹试验结果显示,过表达miR-99a-5p后,GCs中FZD5的mRNA和蛋白的表达量均会显著降低(P<0.05),反之亦然;利用过表达或敲低FZD5的慢病毒感染GCs后,可以显著改变细胞中FZD5的mRNA和蛋白的表达量,同时ELISA结果显示,过表达FZD5可显著提高细胞培养液中雌二醇和孕酮含量;过表达山羊卵巢GCs的miR-99a-5p后,细胞培养液中雌二醇和孕酮含量显著下降(P<0.05)。综上所述,miR-99a-5p抑制GCs中靶基因FZD5的表达以及雌二醇和孕酮的合成。因此,我们证实了山羊的FZD5是miR-99a-5p的一个靶基因;miR-99a-5p在体外抑制GCs雌二醇和孕酮的分泌,靶基因FZD5促进其分泌。本研究为山羊和其他动物卵泡发育的调控机制提供了重要的数据和新的见解。


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15. First record of the golden potato nematode Globodera rostochiensis in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of China
JIANG Ru, PENG Huan, LI Yun-qing, LIU Hui, ZHAO Shou-qi, LONG Hai-bo, HU Xian-qi, GE Jian-jun, LI Xing-yue, LIU Miao-yan, SHAO Bao-lin, PENG De-liang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (3): 898-899.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63845-5
摘要461)      PDF    收藏

马铃薯孢囊线虫Globodera rostochiensis是国际公认的重要检疫性有害线虫,严重危害马铃薯。2018-2020年,在全国农业技术推广服务中心组织的全国马铃薯检疫性线虫调查中,从云南省昭通市鲁甸县和四川省越西县和昭觉县马铃薯根系发现金色孢囊线虫,经形态学观察鉴定、分子生物学rDNA-ITS及28S的D2-D3区域特征分析比对及种特异性引物ITS5和PITSr3检测确定为马铃薯金线虫Globodera rostochiensis(Wollenweber)Skarbilovich, 1959. 在隔离温室内采用盆栽人工接种的致病性研究结果表明,该三个金线虫种群都能侵染马铃薯(品种青薯9号)并繁殖,接种12周后,马铃薯上形成成熟雌虫,完成生活史。这是马铃薯金线虫在我国云南和四川省首次记录。


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16. Changes of oxidative metabolism in the roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings in response to elevated ammonium concentrations
LIU Yang, LI Yu-xiang, LI Yi-xiang, TIAN Zhong-wei, HU Jin-ling, Steve ADKINS, DAI Ting-bo
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (5): 1216-1228.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63216-6
摘要157)      PDF    收藏

试验采用温室水培的方式,以豫麦49(高铵迟钝型)和鲁麦15(高铵敏感型)为材料,设置了5.0 mM NH4+-N(EAC)和NO3--N(CON)两个处理,研究了小麦幼苗根系氧化代谢对高铵胁迫的响应机制。结果表明,高铵胁迫下,两个小麦品种根系生长显著降低,其中鲁麦15降低程度高于豫麦49。高铵胁迫增加了两个小麦品种根系单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶活性和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶活性,但降低了处理12天后的根系抗坏血酸(ASA)含量和GDP-甘露糖焦磷酸酶(GMPase)活性,其中鲁麦15根系ASA含量和GMPase活性分别降低了62.0和71.4%,豫麦49根系ASA含量和GMPase活性分别降低了38.8和62.2%,说明高铵胁迫提高了ASA再生,但减少了ASA合成。此外,EAC增加了两个小麦品种根系DHA/ASA,活性氧(ROS)含量,丙二醛含量和抗氧化物酶活性。与豫麦49相比,鲁麦15根系中ROS含量和可溶性糖含量相对增加较多,而抗氧化物酶活性增加较少,说明鲁麦15根系氧化代谢紊乱更严重。结果表明,高铵胁迫下,GMPase活性降低导致ASA生物合成的减少可能是ROS过量积累和氧化还原失衡的原因之一,进而抑制小麦幼苗根系生长。与高铵敏感型品种鲁麦15相比,豫麦49具有较强的氧化胁迫保护能力,维持较低水平DHA/ASA,进而保持较好的氧化还原平衡状态,因此更耐高铵。


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17. The impact of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme on the “health poverty alleviation” of rural households in China
QIN Li-jian, Chien-ping CHEN, LI Yu-heng, SUN Yan-ming, CHEN Hong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (4): 1068-1079.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63372-X
摘要138)      PDF    收藏

基于全国性大规模的2016年度中国家庭追踪调查数据,使用工具变量法的IVProbit模型,本文实证研究了新型农村合作医疗保险对农村居民家庭健康脱贫的影响。研究发现,第一,新型农村合作医疗保险对农村居民家庭健康脱贫的效果显著。家庭成员患病进行住院治疗,增加了该家庭陷入贫困的风险,新型农村合作医疗保险显著降低了中国农村居民家庭陷入贫困的概率。第二,新农合对农村家庭健康脱贫的影响在不同收入人群之间存在显著的差别。新农合对中高收入组和高收入组农村家庭的健康脱贫没有影响,但是显著提高了低收入组、尤其中低收入组的农村家庭,其因病致贫和因病返贫的防范能力。第三,新农合对农村家庭健康脱贫的影响效果存在显著的地区差异。新农合显著降低了西部地区农村居民家庭陷入贫困的风险,对东部和中部地区的农村居民家庭没有影响。为了减少和消除贫困,增强农村居民的收入获取能力,本文建议采取以下措施:切实提高新型农村合作医疗保险的实际补偿比、积极推进新农合的支付方式改革以控制医疗费用增长、加强西部地区的医疗卫生服务综合体系建设、加强边缘贫困人口医疗保障的制度建设,以及加强农村地区的人居健康环境改造。


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18. Cold hardiness of the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in China
ZHANG Dan-dan, ZHAO Sheng-yuan, WU Qiu-lin, LI Yu-yan, WU Kong-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (3): 764-771.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63288-9
摘要135)      PDF    收藏

草地贪夜蛾是原生于美洲大陆热带和亚热带地区的重要农业害虫,入侵我国后迅速扩散蔓延至二十多个省份,对农业生产造成了严重威胁。草地贪夜蛾的抗寒性反映了其对冬季温度的适应程度,直接决定地理分布区域。本研究对草地贪夜蛾的测定表明,不同发育阶段的过冷却点从低到高的顺序依次为:成虫(-15.05°C)<蛹(-13.25°C)<预蛹(-10.50°C)<幼虫(-9.03°C)。对卵和1-4龄幼虫低温生存时间的分析显示,卵在不同低温下的致死时间(lethal time,LT)显著短于幼虫,而大龄幼虫则显著长于低龄幼虫。在2°C、7°C和13°C下,4龄幼虫的LT99值分别为18.59 d、58.72 d和66.28 d,而卵的LT99值仅分别为5.33 d、9.28 d和12.97 d。研究结果为明确草地贪夜蛾在我国的越冬区域和发展区域性监测预警与控制技术提供了科学依据。


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19. The priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap of summer maize in the north of Huang-Huai-Hai region, China
LIU Yue-e, LI Yu-xin, LÜ Tian-fang, XING Jin-feng, XU Tian-jun, CAI Wan-tao, ZHANG Yong, ZHAO Jiu-ran, WANG Rong-huan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (2): 450-459.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63294-4
摘要107)      PDF    收藏
Understanding yield potential, yield gap and the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap in current intensive maize production is essential for meeting future food demand with the limited resources. In this study, we conducted field experiments using different planting modes, which were basic productivity (CK), farmer practice (FP), high yield and high efficiency (HH), and super high yield (SH), to estimate the yield gap. Different factorial experiments (fertilizer, planting density, hybrids, and irrigation) were also conducted to evaluate the priority of individual management factors for reducing the yield gap between the different planting modes. We found significant differences between the maize yields of different planting modes. The treatments of CK, FP, HH, and SH achieved 54.26, 58.76, 65.77, and 71.99% of the yield potential, respectively. The yield gaps between three pairs: CK and FP, FP and HH, and HH and SH, were 0.76, 1.23 and 0.85 t ha–1, respectively. By further analyzing the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap between FP and HH, as well as HH and SH, we found that the priorities of the management factors (contribution rates) were plant density (13.29%)>fertilizer (11.95%)>hybrids (8.19%)>irrigation (4%) for FP to HH, and hybrids (8.94%)>plant density (4.84%)>fertilizer (1.91%) for HH to SH. Therefore, increasing the planting density of FP was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between FP and HH, while choosing hybrids with density and lodging tolerance was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between HH and SH.
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20. Integration of association and computational methods reveals functional variants of LEPR gene for abdominal fat content in chickens
LI Yu-dong, WANG Wei-jia, LI Zi-wei, WANG Ning, XIAO Fan, GAO Hai-he, GUO Huai-shun, LI Hui, WANG Shou-zhi
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (10): 2734-2748.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63575-4
摘要149)      PDF    收藏

瘦素受体(LEPR)是瘦素的高亲和力受体,在人类和动物肥胖中起着至关重要的作用。本研究的目的是以东北农业大学肉鸡双向选择品系(NEAUHLF)为研究材料,通过关联分析和电子计算分析相结合的方法,研究LEPR外显子功能变异对鸡脂肪沉积的影响。使用5种在线生物信息学工具预测编码区单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)的功能。进一步,通过基于氨基酸残基的保守性和稳定性分析、蛋白质配体结合位点的预测、蛋白质二级结构分析、蛋白质三级结构的建模等生物信息学分析,确定了高置信度SNPs的可能结构与功能。同时,对鸡LEPR基因外显子20个非同义单核苷酸多态性(nsSNPs)与腹脂性状进行了关联分析。5种在线生物信息学工具显示,rs731962924(N867I)和rs13684622(C1002R)是最可能影响鸡腹部脂肪性状的功能性nsSNPs。氨基酸残基稳定性和保守型分析显示,大部分nsSNPs可引起蛋白质稳定性下降,rs731962924(N867I)和rs13684622(C1002R)在进化过程中相对保守。蛋白质结构分析显示rs731962924(N867I)和rs13684622(C1002R)均在可引起LEPR蛋白质结构和功能的显著变化。关联分析显示rs13684622(C1002R)与鸡腹脂重和腹脂率显著相关(P=0.0413,P=0.0260)。因此,我们认为rs13684622(C1002R)可能是一个影响鸡腹脂沉积的重要功能性SNP,有望应用于分子标记辅助选择(MAS)中培育低脂肉鸡品系。本研究的主要创新点是结合了多种生物信息学方法和nsSNPs与腹脂性状之间的关联分析进行LEPR基因功能性SNPs的筛选,为后续进行深入的功能分析提供优先研究SNP(priorization SNP)。此外,本研究用到的关联分析与计算机电子计算分析相结合的方法为鉴定农业动物重要经济性状的功能性分子标记提供了一条新的途径。


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21. Switches in transcriptome functions during seven skeletal muscle development stages from fetus to kid in Capra hircus
LING Ying-hui, ZHENG Qi, JING Jing, SUI Meng-hua, ZHU Lu, LI Yun-sheng, ZHANG Yun-hai, LIU Ya, FANG Fu-gui, ZHANG Xiao-rong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (1): 212-226.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63268-3
摘要217)      PDF    收藏

骨骼肌约占哺乳动物体重的40%,其发育是一个动态、复杂且精确调节的过程。转录组在调节山羊骨骼肌的发育中起着不可或缺的作用,但是在从胎儿到羔羊的多个骨骼肌发育阶段中,转录组表达谱和作用变化尚不清晰。对山羊胎儿到羔羊骨骼肌发育转录组进行细致的探讨及分析,探究转录组山羊骨骼肌早期发育过程中的角色转变,以完善了骨骼肌生长发育的调控网络。本研究使用石蜡切片和RNA-seq探究了从胎儿到出生后七个阶段(胎龄45d(F45),65d(F65),90d(F90),120d(F120)和135d(F135)的胎儿及以及出生1(B1)天和90(B90)天的孩子)的安徽白山羊背最长肌组织学和转录组表达谱。并通过WGCNA结合STEM分析,全面分析了差异表达基因(DEG)的时序表达情况,再利用GO和KEGG探究了差异mRNA的在不同时序中的功能转变。石蜡切片显示在F45时肌细胞较少,此时多为结缔组织。在F65在结缔组织间已出现大量肌细胞,且F65和F90具有初级肌纤维,而到F120及之后阶段初级肌纤维消失,完全为次级肌纤维。骨骼肌直径结果显示除F65和F90、F135和B1外,所有比较组均有显著差异(<0.05)。所有阶段中共鉴定出4793个DEG,聚类结果显示它们在F45到F90、F135和B1之间相互聚类,而F120和B90单独聚类。石蜡切片结合RNA-seq将七个阶段划分为四个状态:F90之前,F120,F135和B1、B90。DEGs的WGCNA分析也验证了该结果。WGCNA结合STEM分析表明,F90之前的阶段与山羊骨骼肌的增殖密切相关。F120相关的DEGs通过调节tRNA参与骨骼肌结构的调节和骨骼肌的发育。F135和B1的DEGs参与调节脂肪酸的生物过程,以维持肌肉细胞的正常发育。B90的DEG通过调节肌动蛋白丝和原肌球蛋白来提供骨骼肌力量。这些结果验证了转录组在不同阶段扮演着不同角色,阐明了转录组在不同阶段对肌肉生长发育过程的潜在作用,进一步揭示了山羊骨骼肌发育中阶段特异性核心遗传网络的发展顺序。


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22. TaSnRK2.4 is a vital regulator in control of thousand-kernel weight and response to abiotic stress in wheat
MIAO Li-li, LI Yu-ying, ZHANG Hong-juan, ZHANG Hong-ji, LIU Xiu-lin, WANG Jing-yi, CHANG Xiao-ping, MAO Xin-guo, JING Rui-lian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (1): 46-54.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62830-3
摘要173)      PDF    收藏

蔗糖非发酵相关蛋白激酶2(SnRK2)是植物特有的一类丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,其能够应对大量不利的环境刺激。之前研究报道了小麦TaSnRK2.4响应非生物逆境胁迫,提高了转基因拟南芥的多重抗性。本研究将揭示TaSnRK2.4的抗逆机理并发掘新的功能。TaSnRK2.4s分别被定位于3A、3B和3D染色体,这3种基因组序列均被克隆。多态性检测结果表明,TaSnRK2.4-3ATaSnRK2.4-3B分别有1处和13处变异位点,TaSnRK2.4-3D未发现变异位点。基于其中3处变异位点,开发了标记2.4AM1、2.4BM1和2.4BM2。关联分析结果表明,TaSnRK2.4-3ATaSnRK2.4-3B均与千粒重显著关联,其中SNP3A-T和SNP3B-C是高千粒重的优异等位变异。酵母双杂交和荧光素酶互补成像试验表明,TaSnRK2.4和逆境响应蛋白TaLTP3互作,进而得出TaSnRK2.4通过激活TaLTP3参与抗逆。我们的研究显示了TaSnRK2.4在增产抗逆方面具有巨大潜力。


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23. Characterization and map-based cloning of miniature2-m1, a gene controlling kernel size in maize
GUAN Hai-ying, DONG Yong-bin, LU Shou-ping, LIU Tie-shan, HE Chun-mei, LIU Chun-xiao, LIU Qiang, DONG Rui, WANG Juan, LI Yu-ling, QI Shi-jun, WANG Li-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (8): 1961-1973.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62797-8
摘要159)      PDF    收藏
Kernel development plays an important role in determining kernel size in maize.  Here we present the cloning and characterization of a maize gene, nitrate transporter1.5 (NRT1.5), which controls small kernel phenotype by playing an important role in kernel development.  A novel recessive small kernel mutant miniature2-m1 (mn2-m1) was isolated from self-pollinated progenies of breeding materials.  The mutant spontaneously showed small kernel character arresting both embryo and endosperm development at an early stage after pollination.  Utilizing 21 polymorphic SSR markers, the mn2-m1 locus was limited to a 209.9-kb interval using 9 176 recessive individuals of a BC1 segregating population from mn2-m1/B73.  Only one annotated gene was located in this 209.9 kb region, Zm00001d019294, which was predicted to encode nitrate transporter1.5 (NRT1.5).  Allelism tests confirmed that mn2-m1 was allelic to miniature2-m2 (mn2-m2) and miniature2-710B (mn2-710B).  The mn2-m1 and mn2-m2 alleles both had nucleotide deletions in the coding region resulting in premature termination, and the mn2-710B allele had some missence mutations.  Subcellular localization showed that Miniature 2 (MN2) is localized in the plasma membrane.  Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the expression of MN2 and some genes involved in the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) and embryo surrounding region (ESR) development were affected in mn2-m1 seeds.  These results suggested that MN2 plays an important role in maize seed development.
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24. Effects of seedling age on the growth stage and yield formation of hydroponically grown long-mat rice seedlings
LI Yu-xiang, LIU Yang, WANG Yu-hui, DING Yan-feng, WANG Shao-hua, LIU Zheng-hui, LI Gang-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (7): 1755-1767.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62756-5
摘要158)      PDF    收藏
Understanding the characteristics of rice productivity is of great importance for achieving high yield formation.  However, such traits have not yet been studied for different ages of hydroponically grown long-mat rice seedlings (HLMS), which constitutes a new method of seedling cultivation.  Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of seedling age on the growth stage, photosynthesis characteristics, dry matter production, and yield of HLMS.  A conventional japonica rice cultivar (Wuyunjing 24) and an indica hybrid rice cultivar (6 Liangyou 9368) were used as test materials.  The results showed that the whole phase was shortened by 13–15 days for young seedlings (13-day-old) compared with old seedlings (27-day-old), which occurred because the growth process accelerated with the transplantation of young seedlings.  As seedling age increased, the dry matter weight of stems of individual plants and of the population increased at the transplanting stage but decreased at the maturity stage (MS).  Compared with that of 27-day-old seedlings, the average ratio of panicle weight to total plant dry weight of 13-day-old seedlings during a 2-year period increased by 3.71% for Wuyunjing 24 and by 3.78% for 6 Liangyou 9368 at the MS.  Moreover, as seedling age increased, the leaf area index and photosynthetic potential decreased for both cultivars, and the photosynthetic rate markedly decreased at the heading stage (HS).  With the exception of that of Wuyunjing 24 from the jointing stage to the HS in 2014, the crop growth rate was higher for young seedlings than for old seedlings.  Grain yield significantly decreased with seedling age, but no significant difference was detected between the 13- and 20-day-old seedlings for either cultivar.  Therefore, equilibrious and high biological yield formation, vigorous growth in the late stages, and high photosynthetic production capacity are important characteristics and causes of the efficient and sustainable output of photosynthetic systems and for achieving high yield formation in young transplanted seedlings (13–20-day-old).
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25. Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of a novel reduced height gene in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
ZHOU Chun-yun, XIONG Hong-chun, LI Yu-ting, GUO Hui-jun, XIE Yong-dun, ZHAO Lin-shu, GU Jiayu, ZHAO Shi-rong, DING Yu-ping, SONG Xi-yun, LIU Lu-xiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (7): 1721-1730.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63224-5
摘要184)      PDF    收藏
Low stature in wheat is closely associated with lodging resistance, and this impacts harvest index and grain yield.  The discovery of novel dwarfing or semi-dwarfing genes can have great significance for dwarf wheat breeding.  In this study, we identified an EMS-induced dwarf wheat mutant JE0124 from the elite cultivar Jing411.  JE0124 possesses increased stem strength and a 33% reduction in plant height compared with wild type.  Gibberellic acid (GA) treatment analysis suggested that JE0124 was GA-sensitive.  Analysis of the frequency distribution of plant height in four F2 populations derived from crosses between JE0124 and the relatively taller varieties Nongda 5181 and WT indicated that the dwarfism phenotype was quantitatively inherited.  We used two F2 populations and 312 individuals from the reciprocal cross of Nongda 5181 and JE0124 to map the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for reduced height to a 0.85-cM interval on chromosome 2DL.  The mapping was done by using a combination of 660K SNP array-based bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and genetic linkage analysis, with logarithm of odds (LOD) scores of 5.34 and 5.78, respectively.  Additionally, this QTL accounted for 8.27–8.52% of the variation in the phenotype.  The dwarf mutant JE0124 and the newly discovered dwarfing gene on chromosome 2DL in this study will enrich genetic resources for dwarf wheat breeding.
 
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26. Effects of subsoiling depth, period interval and combined tillage practice on soil properties and yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China
WANG Yun-xia, CHEN Shu-ping, ZHANG Dong-xing, YANG Li, CUI Tao, JING Hui-rong, LI Yu-huan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (6): 1596-1608.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62681-X
摘要160)      PDF    收藏
Compaction layers are widely distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China, which restrict root growth and reduce yields.  The adoption of subsoiling has been recommended to disrupt compacted soil layers and create a reasonable soil structure for crop development.  In this paper, the effects of subsoiling depth (30, 35 and 40 cm), period interval (2 or 3 years) and combined pre-sowing tillage practice (rotary cultivation or ploughing) on soil condition improvement was studied on a tidal soil in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.  Seven tillage patterns were designed by combining different subsoiling depths, period intervals and pre-sowing.  The evaluation indicators for soil condition improvement were as follows: thickness of the plough layer and hard pan, soil bulk density, cone index, soil three-phase R values, alkali nitrogen content, crop yield, and economic benefits.  The results showed that subsoiling can significantly improve the soil structure and physical properties.  In all subsoiling treatments, the depth of 35 or 40 cm at a 2-year interval was the most significant.  The thickness of the plough layer increased from 13.67 cm before the test to 21.54–23.45 cm in 2018.  The thickness of the hard pan decreased from 17.68 cm before the test to 12.09–12.76 cm in 2018, a decrease of about 40.07%.  However, the subsoiling combined pre-sowing tillage practice, that is, rotary cultivation or ploughing, was not significant for soil structure and physical properties.  For all subsoiling treatments, the soil bulk density, cone index and soil three-phase R values of the 15–25 cm soil layer were significantly lower compared to single rotary cultivation.  Subsoiling was observed to increase the soil alkaline nitrogen and water contents.  The tillage patterns that had subsoiling at the depth of 35–40 cm at a 2-year interval combined with rotary cultivation had the highest alkali nitrogen and water contents, which increased by 31.08–34.23% compared with that of the single rotary cultivation.  Subsoiling can significantly increase the yield both of wheat and corn, as well as the economic benefits.  The treatment of subsoiling at the depth of 35 cm at an interval of 2 years combined with rotary cultivation had the highest annual yield and economic benefits.  For this treatment, the annual yield and economic benefits increased by 14.55 and 62.87% in 2018, respectively.  In conclusion, the tillage patterns that involved subsoiling at a depth of 35 cm at a 2-year interval along with rotary cultivation are suitable for the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.
 
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27.
Long-term fertilization leads to specific PLFA finger-prints in Chinese Hapludults soil
WANG Qi-qi, LIU Ling-ling, LI Yu, QIN Song, WANG Chuan-jie, CAI An-dong, WU Lei, XU Ming-gang, ZHANG Wen-ju
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (5): 1354-1362.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62866-2
摘要120)      PDF    收藏
Soil microbes play essential roles in the biogeochemical processes of organic carbon and nutrient cycling.  Many studies have reported various short-term effects of fertilization on soil microbes.  However, less is known about the effects of long-term fertilization regimes on the rhizosphere.  Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore how the soil microbial communities in the rhizosphere respond to different long-term fertilization strategies.  Based on a 21-year field treatment experiment in Guizhou, China, we extracted phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) to determine the microbial community structure in both the non-rhizosphere (NR) and rhizosphere (R).  Six treatments were included: no fertilizer (CK), mineral nitrogen fertilizer (N), N with potassium (NK), phosphorus with K (PK), NPK, and NPK combined with manure (MNPK).  The results showed that total PLFAs under unbalanced mineral fertilization (N, NK and PK) were decreased by 45% on average in the NR compared with CK, whereas MNPK increased fungi and G–bacteria abundance significantly in both the NR (by 33 and 23%) and R (by 15 and 20%), respectively.  In addition, all microbial groups in the R under these treatments (N, NK and PK) were significantly increased relative to those in the NR, except for the ratio of F/B and G+/G–, which might be due to the high nutrient availability in the R.  Soil pH and SOC significantly regulated the soil microbial community and structure, explaining 51 and 20% of the variation in the NR, respectively.  However, the rhizosphere microbial community structure was only significantly affected by soil pH (31%).  We concluded that the soil microbial community in the NR was more strongly affected by long-term fertilization than that in the R due to the rhizosphere effect in the agricultural ecosystem.  Rhizosphere nutrient conditions and buffering capacity could help microbial communities resist the change from the long-term fertilization.
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28. Heterologous expression of the ThIPK2 gene enhances drought resistance of common wheat
ZHANG Shu-juan, LI Yu-lian, SONG Guo-qi, GAO Jie, ZHANG Rong-zhi, LI Wei, CHEN Ming-li, LI Gen-ying
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 941-952.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62714-0
摘要129)      PDF    收藏
ThIPK2 is an inositol polyphosphate kinase gene cloned from Thellungiella halophila that participates in diverse cellular processes.  Drought is a major limiting factor in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production.  The present study investigated whether the application of the ThIPK2 gene could increase the drought resistance of transgenic wheat.  The codon-optimized ThIPK2 gene was transferred into common wheat through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation driven by either a constitutive maize ubiquitin promoter or a stress-inducible rd29A promoter from Arabidopsis.  Molecular characterization confirmed the presence of the foreign gene in the transformed plants.  The transgenic expression of ThIPK2 in wheat led to significantly improve drought tolerance compared to that observed in control plants.  Compared to the wild type (WT) plants, the transgenic plants showed higher seed germination rates, better developed root systems, a higher relative water content (RWC) and total soluble sugar content, and less cell membrane damage under drought stress conditions.  The expression profiles showed different expression patterns with the use of different promoters.  The codon-optimized ThIPK2 gene is a candidate gene to enhance wheat drought stress tolerance by genetic engineering.
 
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29. Gene mapping and candidate gene analysis of aberrant-floral spikelet 1 (afs1) in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
ZHANG Ting, YOU Jing, YU Guo-ling, ZHANG Yi, CHEN Huan, LI Yi-dan, YE Li, YAO Wan-yue, TU Yu-jie, LING Ying-hua, HE Guang-hua, LI Yun-feng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 921-930.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62847-9
摘要136)      PDF    收藏
The spikelet is a unique inflorescence structure in grasses.  However, the molecular mechanism that regulates its development remains unclear, and we therefore characterize a spikelet mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L.), aberrant-floral spikelet 1 (afs1), which was derived from treatment of Xinong 1B with ethyl methanesulfonate.  In the afs1 mutant, the spikelet developed an additional lemma-like organ alongside the other normally developed floral organs, and the paleae were degenerated to differing degrees with or without normally developed inner floral organs.  Genetic analysis revealed that the afs1 phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene.  The AFS1 gene was mapped between the insertion/deletion (InDel) marker Indel19 and the simple sequence repeat marker RM16893, with a physical distance of 128.5 kb on chromosome 4.  Using sequence analysis, we identified the deletion of a 5-bp fragment and a transversion from G to A within LOC_Os04g32510/ LAX2, which caused early termination of translation in the afs1 mutant.  These findings suggest that AFS1 may be a new allele of LAX2, and is involved in the development of floral organs by regulating the expression of genes related to their development.  The above results provide a new view on the function of LAX2, which may also regulate the development of spikelets.
 
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30. Architecture of stem and branch affects yield formation in short season cotton
ZHANG Xiang, RUI Qiu-zhi, LI Yuan, CHEN Yuan, CHEN Yuan, ZHANG Xi-ling, CHEN De-hua, SONG Mei-zhen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (3): 680-689.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62626-2
摘要101)      PDF    收藏
The cotton direct seeding after wheat (rape) harvested is under trial and would be the future direction at the Yangtze River Valley region of China.  The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of branch and stem architecture on cotton yield and identify the optimal cotton architecture to compensate the yield loss due to the reduction of individual production capacity under high planting density in the direst seeding after wheat harvested cropping system.  The characteristics of the stem and branch architecture and the relationships between architecture of the stem and branch with yield formation were studied on eight short season cotton cultivars during 2015 and 2016 cotton growth seasons.  Based on the two years results, three cultivars with different architectures of stem and branch were selected to investigate the effect of mepiquat chloride (MC) application on the architecture of the stem and branch, boll retention, and the yield in 2017.  Significant differences were observed on plant height, all fruiting nodes to branches ratio (NBR) in the cotton plant, and the curvature of the fruiting branch (CFB) among the studied cultivars.  There were three types of stem and fruiting branch structures: Zhong425 with stable and suitable plant height and NBR (about 90 cm and 2.5, respectively), high CFB (more than 10.0), and high boll retention speed and seed cotton yield; Siyang 822 with excessive plant height and NBR, low CFB, and low boll retention speed and seed cotton yield; and other studied cultivars with unstable structure of stem and branch, boll retention speed, and seed cotton yield across years.  And MC application could promote the appropriate plant height and NBR and high CFB and thus resulted in high boll retention speed and the yield.  The results suggested that the suitable plant height and NBR (about 90 cm and 2.5 respectively), and high CFB (more than 10.0), which was related to both genotype and cultural practice, could promote the higher boll retention speed and seed cotton yield.
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