【Objective】 During Aug. 2003 to Sept. 2004, the long-term cultivation including abandonment, 10 years, 50 years and 100 years of cultivation in black soil of Jilin Province and grey dissert soil of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; abandonment, 20 years and 100 years of cultivation in red soil of Jiangxi Province and long-term fertilization including abandonment, K, N, NP, NK, NPK, MNPK and 1.5MNPK treatments of the three types of soil were chosen to study the relationship between cropland soil animals and long-term cultivation and long-term fertilization. 【Method】 The Modified Tullgren method was used to separate cropland soil animals from soil samples (0-20 cm). 【Result】 There were 26 571 individuals of cropland soil animals were collected, belonging to 4 Phylums, 5 Classes, 26 Orders. Among them, 1 632 individuals were macrofauna, 24 939 were meso and microfauna. Mite, springtails and hymenoptera were the most dominant species in the collection. Among the three types of soil, community evenness of cropland soil animals in the long-term cultivation was significantly different, and the number of individuals, the number of group and community diversity in long-term fertilization were significantly different by Kruskal-Wallis analysis. The number of group of cropland soil animals usually was the the most in abandonment in the long-term cultivation, and the mesco and microfauna group in early period of long-term cultivation was the least. The number of individuals and group of cropland soil animals were the most in abandonment and combined with application of organic-mineral fertilizers in long-term fertilization. Both of long-term cultivation and long-term fertilization had imbalance effect on cropland soil community, of which the effect on the number of individual of cropland soil animals, was the most and the effect on the community evenness of cropland soil animal was the least. The canonical relationship between soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen and cropland soil animal community in long-term cultivation was not significantly different (P＞0.05), while a significant difference was detected in long-term fertilization (P＜0.01). In long-term fertilization, soil total nitrogen had the most effect on mites, springtail, hymenoptera and the total individuals of cropland soil animals, the most effect of soil organic matter on mites, springtail, hymenoptera and the total individuals of cropland soil animal, group and community diversity of cropland soil animal was observed. The key group of cropland soil animal could be used to predict the change of soil organic and soil total nitrogen caused by long-term fertilization application. 【Conclusion】 The change of cropland soil animal community has relation with long-term cultivation and long-term fertilization. The key group of cropland soil animal factors can be used to predict the change of soil key nutrient caused by long-term fertilization application.
