Scientia Agricultura Sinica

Cloning of Triticum turgidum L. ramosa2 and DNA Binding Activity Assay of the Recombinant Protein

TANG Ru-chun,YANG Yu-heng,FAN San-hong,GUO Ai-guang

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 439-446 .

Abstract ( 761 )

PDF (897KB) ( 981 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The ramosa2 gene (TtRa2) was cloned from tetraploid Tritium turgidum L., and the sequence features, tissue-specific expression pattern and in vitro activity was analyzed, thus providing a foundation for investigating relationship between ramosa2 and spike architecture of Triticeae crops. 【Method】 Expression profiles of TtRa2 in different tissues were assayed via RT-PCR. TtRa2 was recombined into the vector pET-21a-MBP, and recombinant protein was expressed in E.coli strain T7 Express. MBP fusion protein was purified by amylose affinity chromatography, and its specific DNA binding activity was identified by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). 【Result】TtRA2 contains one LOB domain and one RA2 domain,and it belongs to ClassⅠLBD protein family. TtRa2 was highly expressed in spike, while in root, stem, leaf and seed, its transcripts were not detected. Fused TtRA2 mainly existed as soluble form and the percentage of fusion protein was up to 68.6% of total protein. The purified recombinant protein could bind with the DNA probe specifically,which contains the core sequence “GCGGCG”. 【Conclusion】TtRa2 involves in the spike morphogenesis process of Triticum turgidum L.. It encodes a typical RA2-like transcription factor, which has similar specific DNA binding ability with LOB of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Genetic Analysis and Identification of Maize (Zea mays L.) Low Phytic Acid Inbred Lines

MA Lei,LI Pan,CHEN Zhe,ZHAO Yong-feng,ZHU Li-ying,HUANG Ya-qun,CHEN Jing-tang

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 447-455 .

Abstract ( 812 )

PDF (469KB) ( 880 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】The purpose of this experiment was to provide a theoretical basis for selective breeding of the low phytic acid maize hybrid through screening low phytic acid materials from general maize inbred lines and study the genetic characteristics of low phytic acid trait. 【Method】In this study, through using the colorinmetric assay for high inorganic phosphorus (HIP), kernels from 100 maize inbred lines were indirectly screened respectively. To analyze the genetic characteristics of low-phytic acid trait, the screened Luyuan 92 was hybridized with known low phytic acid mutants Lpa/lpa241, Lpa/Lpa241 and low-phytic acid inbred line Qi 319. Also the phytic acid content of two inbred lines Qi 319, Luyuan 92 and their reciprocal hybrids from six different origins were analysed by modified colorimetric assay and GB technique. The phenotypes of Qi 319, Luyuan 92×Qi 319, Qi 319×Lpa241/lpa241, Luyuan 92×Lpa241/lpa241 seedlings were investigated through germination test.【Result】 The inorganic phosphorus content of Luyuan 92 was about 0.93 μg?mg-1, which was higher than that of other materials. According to the screening results of F1 seeds between mutants (L/lpa241) and Qi 319, Luyuan 92, the segregation ratio of HIP type and wild type fit into 1﹕1 respectively, which indicated that its low phytic acid character was controlled by single recessive gene, and was possibly allelic with lpa241. The phytic acid content of the same inbred line from six different origins displayed a significant difference. Qi 319 represented heterozygosity in low phytic acid character and lethal recessive homozygous genotype at seedling stage. 【Conclusion】In this study, one maize inbred line with low phytic acid content was obtained. Its low phytic acid trait was predicted preliminarily to be controlled by single recessive gene and was possibly allelic with lpa241.

Genetic Analysis and Mapping of Resistance to Phytophthora sojae of Pm14 in Soybean

WU Xiao-ling,ZHOU Bin,SUN Shi,ZHAO Jin-ming,CHEN Shou-yi,GAI Jun-yi,XING Han

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 456-460 .

Abstract ( 775 )

PDF (287KB) ( 735 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to reveal the inheritance pattern and map resistance gene to Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae) strain Pm14 in soybean.【Method】A population of 176 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from the cross of Su88-M21×Xinyixiaoheidou was evaluated for phytophthora resistance using the hypocotyl inoculation technique. The RIL was used to analyze the inheritance of resistance and map the resistance gene to a linkage group.【Result】 The results showed that the resistance of Su88-M21 to strain Pm14 is controlled by a single gene (Rps), and the resistance is dominant to susceptible. RpsSu (resistance gene in Su88-M21 was temporarily designated) is a novel phytophthora resistance gene which was firstly found on molecular linkage group O, and flanked by Satt358 and Sat_242 with genetic distances 3.5 cM and 7.4 cM.【Conclusion】The resistance to Pm14 is controlled by a single dominant gene (Rps), and the resistance gene RpsSu in Su88-M21 was firstly mapped on molecular linkage group O.

Evaluation Factors of 3D Geometric Digital Design for Plant

ZHAO Chun-jiang,XIAO Bo-xiang,GUO Xin-yu,LU Sheng-lian,WU Sheng,WEN Wei-liang,WANG Xue

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 461-468 .

Abstract ( 932 )

PDF (309KB) ( 816 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

Plant 3D shape design based on computer aided design (CAD) is an important technology for plant visualization. Evaluation factors of 3D geometric digital design for plant are presented in order to standardize plant digital modeling. However, it is limited by some problems with ambiguous aim, non-uniform flow, non-standardized technology, and hard evaluation. In this paper, main functional and technical factors were discussed based on the analysis of computer aided design technology and evaluation system. Aims and requirements of 3D geometric digital design for plant were summed up, and several functional evaluation reasons and technical evaluation reasons were discussed, respectively. Finally, a synthetic evaluation model was presented in order to provide an example of the evaluation system. The proposed evaluation system provides a basis and reference for standardization quantification of digital plant design, as well as the development in plant modeling.

Effects of Drought and Rewatering at Seedling Stage on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Peanut

LIU Ji-li,ZHAO Chang-xing,WU Na,WANG Yue-fu,WANG Ming-lun

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 469-476 .

Abstract ( 854 )

PDF (323KB) ( 1381 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】The objective of the experiment was to study the effects of different water stress at seedling stage and rewatering on photosynthetic characteristics and water use efficiency (WUE) of peanut, and to provide a scientific basis for water saving and high-yield cultivation of peanut. 【Method】The method of pool culture in rainproof installations was used to study the effects of different drought at seedling stage and rewatering on photosynthetic characteristics, water consumption, yield, WUE and other indexes of peanut. 【Result】 Under drought at seedling stage of peanut, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate both decreased, and furthermore, the longer the duration of drought was, and the more they reduced obviously, then, after rewatering, both the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate can recover fast, and there was a compensation effect to some extent, but there were no over-compensation effects. Meanwhile, drought at seedling stage of peanut induced the reduction of water consumption, and the more severe droughts the smaller water consumption, however, WUE did not decrease with the water consumption decrease. Under the treatment of 5 d drought, WUE of the yield level was the highest, the control was the second, and the 15 d drought was the smallest.【Conclusion】At peanut seedling stage, the moderate drought process can reduce water consumption, and can also increase the WUE of production levels.

Molecular Identification and Variation Analysis of the Pathogen Causing Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease in Sichuan Province

XIONG Yan,YANG Shuai,QING Ling,ZHOU Chang-yong,SUN Xian-chao,YANG Shui-ying

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 477-484 .

Abstract ( 883 )

PDF (367KB) ( 1121 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】In this study, pathogenic agents associated with tomato yellow leaf curl disease in Panzhihua, Sichuan Province in China were identified. 【Method】 Diseased tomato plants exhabiting typical stunting, yellowing and leaf-curling symptoms were collected in Panzhihua, Sichuan Province. Using PCR, cloning, and sequencing techniques a begomovirus disease complex associated with tomato was identified for phylogenetic analysis. 【Result】 500 bp fragments were amplified from four samples (SC64-67) using the begomovirus degenerate primer pair PA/PB. The complete nucleotide sequence of isolate SC65 was determined to be 2 732 nts and shared the highest sequence identity (96.0%) with an isolate of Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV-Bean-YM) isolated from kidney bean in Yuanmou, Yunnan Province. All tomato samples were found to be associated with the satellite DNAβ molecules. The satellite DNAβ molecule associated with SC65 (SC65 DNAβ) consisted of 1 338 nts and shared 77.5% nucleotide sequence identity with DNAβ associated with TYLCCNV-Y25 isolated from tomato plants in Chuxiong, Yunnan Province. 【Conclusion】 These results suggested that tomato yellow leaf curl disease in Sichuan Province is associated with the TYLCCNV/DNAβ disease complex which may originate from DNA-A and DNAβ molecules of different TYLCCNV isolates.

Study on Expression Characteristics and Functions of Chitinase Family Genes from Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen)

LI Da-qi,DU Jian-zhong,ZHANG Jian-qin,HAO Yao-shan,LIU Xiao-jian,WANG Yi-xue,MA En-bo,ZHANG Jian-zhen,SUN Yi

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 485-492 .

Abstract ( 956 )

PDF (564KB) ( 837 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】In order to provide important basis for effective pests control based on RNAi, the temporal and spatial expression characterizations and the biological functions of chitinase family genes from L. migratoria manilensis were investigated and chitinase genes causing locusts death during development were screened.【Method】Chitinase-like gene fragments were obtained from locustDB and the sequences of these genes were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. The first-strand cDNAs were synthesized using RNA isolated from the fourth day of different locust stages and the various tissues of the 5th nymphs and RT-PCR was carried out to analyze the gene expression patterns. Biological functions of LmCht6 that was highly expressed in the integument were studied by RNA interference. 【Result】 Seven chitinase-like gene fragments were gained from locustDB. The RT-PCR results showed that the temporal and spatial expression patterns among seven chitinase genes were significantly different and LmCht6 was highly expressed in the integument. RNA interference of LmCht6 showed that the corresponding transcript level was reduced in the nymphs after being injected with LmCht6 dsRNA compared with the control insects. The nymphs injected with LmCht6 dsRNA displayed slow development and failed to detach old cuticle during molting. Consequently, 72.2% of mortalities were observed.【Conclusion】More than one chitinase gene was present in locust and the temporal and spatial expression profiles of these genes were different. The RNAi results indicated that LmCht6 play an important role in the molting process of L. migratoria manilensis, and gene silencing can result in its ecdysis block and even death.

Effects of Fluctuating Thermal Regimes on the Survival of Cold-Exposed Parasitoid Wasps Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 493-499 .

Abstract ( 674 )

PDF (443KB) ( 727 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】The effect of fluctuating thermal regimes (FTRs) and the different hosts on the cold survival of the parasitoid Aphidius gifuensis at mummy stage were studied to find out the best conditions and host for the cold-exposured storage of A. gifuensis. 【Method】The emergence rate, male proportion and metathoracic tibia length of the A. gifuensis were recorded and analyzed after treatments of FTRs (4℃ 22 h/20℃ 2 h,4℃ 46 h/20℃ 2 h,4℃ 70 h/20℃ 2 h) on the different mummies of Myzus persicae and Schizaphis graminum. 【Result】 Compared with the control of constant low temperatue (4℃), the emergence rate of cold-exposured A. gifuensis was improved under the treatments of FTRs . The emergence rate in mummies of M. persicae after 2 weeks of 4℃ 22 h/20℃ 2 h (T1) treatment was the highest (78.33%), while the emergence rate in mummies of S. graminum after 1 week of 4℃ 46 h/20℃ 2 h (T2) treatment was the highest (68.33%). There were no significant effects on the male proportion (0.3-0.5) under different temperature treatments. However, the emergence rate in mummies of M. persicae was significantly higher than that of S. graminum, and there were no significant differences in the male proportions and the metathoracic tibia length.【Conclusion】The emergence rate of A. gifuensis under treatments of FTRs was higher than that of the control (exposed at 4℃), and the male proportion was lower than the female proportion. The 2 weeks of 4℃ 22 h/20℃ 2 h treatment in mummies of M. persicae was the best conditions for the production and release of A. gifuensis.

Effects of Nitrification Inhibitors on Nitrification Inhibition and Nitrite Accumulation in Calcareous Soil

SHI Mei,ZHANG Mei-ting,SHEN Feng,LIANG Dong-li,DANG Hu-ling

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 500-506 .

Abstract ( 877 )

PDF (245KB) ( 738 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】The objective of the study was to determine the influences of four different kinds of nitrification inhibitors, DMPP, DCD, AM and TU, on soil nitrite accumulation, and to select the best nitrification inhibitor for nitrogen fertilizer in calcareous soil.【Method】The contents of ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and pH were measured, and apparent nitrification rate and inhibitory rate of different nitrification inhibitors were calculated.【Result】The results showed that under the experimental conditions (60% of water hold capacity, 25℃), little nitrite nitrogen was found in the soil treated with nitrification inhibitors DMPP, DCD, and AM, however; while some nitrite nitrogen was found in the TU treatment in the beginning eight days. The nitrification inhibition rate was in the order of 10%DCD＞1%DMPP＞5%AM (depending on the amount of applied pure N). DMPP, DCD and AM treatments induced nitrification process lag behind 35-39 d.【Conclusion】DMPP, DCD and AM could significantly inhibit the accumulation of nitrite nitrogen in calcareous soil. The inhibitory effects of DMPP, DCD and AM were evident, while that of TU was not.

Fractal Features of Rhizosphere Soil Microaggregate and Particle-Size Distribution Under Different Vegetation Types in the Hilly-Gully Region of Loess Plateau

ZHANG Chao,LIU Guo-bin,XUE Sha,SONG Zi-lin,ZHANG Chang-sheng

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 507-515 .

Abstract ( 1043 )

PDF (341KB) ( 804 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】The research was made to provide scientific guidance for the sustainable development of ecological restoration and the evaluation of soil quality by studying fractal features of rhizosphere soil microaggregate and particle-size distribution under different vegetation types on abandoned slope cropland in the hilly-gully region of Loess Plateau. 【Method】In this paper, the fractal theory was applied to analyze the fractal features of rhizosphere soil microaggregate and particle-size distribution under natural grassland, artificial grassland and artificial shrubland in Dunshan watershed through experimental analysis. 【Result】The results showed that the effect of different plants on the soil microaggregate and particles was different after slope cropland was abandoned. Whatever in rhizosphere or non-rhizosphere soil, 0.25-0.05 mm, 0.05-0.01 mm class size microaggregate, aggregate state and aggregate degree in natural grassland was higher than that in artificial shrubland and artificial grassland, the content of 0.25-0.05 mm, 0.05-0.01 mm particle, dispersion coefficient and dispersion rate was lower than that in artificial shrubland and artificial grassland. With the exception of Panicum virgatum, a higher aggregate state and aggregate degree was found in rhizosphere compared with non-rhizosphere soil where the dispersion coefficient and dispersion rate was observed. Microaggregate and particle fractal dimension in rhizosphere was lower than that in non-rhizosphere soil. Correlation analysis indicated a more significant correlation between rhizosphere microaggregate, particle fractal dimension and soil physico-chemical properties than non-rhizosphere soil.【Conclusion】In the hilly-gully region of Loess Plateau, the improvement of natural grassland of soil microaggregate is more significant than artificial shrubland and artificial grassland after slope cropland was abandoned. Compared to the non-rhizosphere soil, the aggregate structure in rhizosphere is more favorable and the fractal feature can better reflect the change of soil properties, thus it can be used for evaluating the soil quality during the revegetation in this region.

Effect of Long-Term Located Organic-Inorganic Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield and Soil Fertility in Red Soil Area of China

HOU Hong-qian,LIU Xiu-mei,LIU Guang-rong,LI Zu-zhang LIU Yi-ren,HUANG Yong-lan,JI Jian-hua,SHAO Cai-hong,WANG Fu-quan

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 516-523 .

Abstract ( 1092 )

PDF (309KB) ( 1249 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】The effects of organic manure application on rice yield and soil fertility in double-rice cropping region in south China were evaluated synthetically．【Method】Successive 25-year field experiments were conducted in south Jiangxi of China. Five different treatments with mixed chemical and organic fertilizers, no fertilization (CK), N, P and K chemical fertilizers only (NPK), 70% chemical fertilizers and 30% organic manure (70F＋30M), 50% chemical fertilizers and 50% organic manure (50F＋50M), and 30% chemical fertilizers and 70% organic manure (30F＋70M) with their replications were examined．Each N, P and K application rate was the same in all the treatments (except no fertilization in CK). Crop-rice yield and soil fertility in each treatment were measured for comparison. 【Result】During the twenty-five years plantation, organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers treatments were 65.4%-71.5% (P＜0.05) higher than CK, and 3.9%-7.8% (P＜0.05) higher than NPK treatment in yield. Rice yield of 30F＋70M treatment was the highest in all treatments, reached 12 346.90 kg?hm-2. The difference between 30F＋70M and NPK treatments in yield was widening with each passing year, the same as the 30F＋70M and 70F＋30M treatments. No fertilization for a long time result in soil fertility degeneration, there was a significant increase of soil fertility with a long-time balanced fertilization, and organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers showed the most obvious increase of soil fertility relatively. 【Conclusion】In red soil area, the function and stability of organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on rice yield was the best among all treatments in this study. The rice yield and soil fertility could be improved under the condition of high-quantity level of the organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizers.

A Research of Dewfall in Paddy

XU Ying-ying,YAN Bai-xing,WANG Li-xia

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 524-530 .

Abstract ( 706 )

PDF (327KB) ( 587 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 In order to discuss the dew condensation in paddy in Sanjiang Plain, the dew was monitored during the growing season from early in June to late in September. 【Method】 Dew was collected by woodstick made by poplar tree. The dew intensity was calculated and annual factual dewfall in unit area was calculated by leaf area index. 【Result】 Dew days in 2008 were more than that in 2009 and dew intensity in 2008 was higher than that in 2009. The rainfall in 2009 was much more abundant than that in 2008. Dew intensity reached the peak in August in both years. Meanwhile, dew intensity varied with the height and it found in canopy was higher than that in the height over canopy 50 cm, and the lowest was found in the ground. The conservative unit area actual dewfall estimated by LAI in paddy reached 26.2 mm and 31.4 mm in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The effect of paddy density on dew intensity could be ignored, but close planting could improve the annual dewfall.【Conclusion】Because of the promotion of LAI, dewfall increased when wetland reclaimed to paddy. Dew plays an important role in the water balance in paddy and the dewfall in 2008 and 2009 accounted for 8.68% and 6.14% of the rainfall of the same period, respectively.

Regulation of Calcium on Photosynthesis of Tomato Leaves Under Sub-High Temperature Stress

QI Ming-fang,LIU Yu-feng,ZHOU Long-fa,LI Tian-lai,FAN Yong-huai,ZHANG Ke-min

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 531-537 .

Abstract ( 823 )

PDF (333KB) ( 1027 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】In order to reveal the regulation function of calcium on photosynthesis of tomato leaves under sub-high temperature stress, the effects of CaCl2 on photosynthesis and fluorescence of PS Ⅱand PS Ⅰ under sub-high temperature stress were studied. 【Method】In order to select a appropriate concentration, the tomatoes grown in greenhouse were pretreated with 0, 10 and 30 mg?L-1CaCl2 during the period of sub-high temperature, and then photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence of PS Ⅱand PS Ⅰ were analyzed for the tomatoes pretreated with CaCl2, with the appropriate concentration, Ca2+ chelator EGTA and CaM antagonist TFP. 【Result】 The net photosynthetic rate(Pn) increased at three concentrations of CaCl2 treatments under sub-high temperature stress, especially in the treatment of 10 mg?L-1CaCl2. Under sub-high temperature stress, the maximal photochemical efficiency (FPSII) of PS Ⅱ, photochemical quantum yield of PS Ⅱ and PS Ⅰ[Y(Ⅱ) and Y(Ⅰ)], quantum yield of non-photochemical energy dissipation in PS I due to donor side limitation [Y(ND)] in the tomato leaves pretreated with CaCl2 were much higher than that of control, while quantum yield of non-photochemical energy dissipation in PS I due to acceptor side limitation [Y(NA)] was much less than that of the control. EGTA and TFP treatments had negative effect.【Conclusion】The treatment of 10 mg?L-1 CaCl2 could improve photosynthesis of tomato leaves under sub-high temperature stress. And calcium played an important role in regulating stomatal movements and protecting PS Ⅰ PS Ⅱ not to be injured.

Carotenoid Accumulation and Its Regulation by Ethylene in Fruits of Valencia Orange During Its Late Development and Re-Greening Stages

MENG Xiang-chun,GAO Zi-xiang,ZHANG Zhao-qi,ZHANG Ai-yu

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 538-544 .

Abstract ( 999 )

PDF (538KB) ( 922 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】In order to explore the changes of carotenoid content, the transcription level of genes encoding a few key enzymes in carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, and the regulation effect of ethylene in carotenoid biosynthesis in fruits of Valencia orange during the late yellowing and re-greening stages. 【Method】 Fruit late development and maturation process of Valencia orange were divided into four yellowing periods (P1-P4) and three re-greening periods (P5-P7), the carotenoid content and the gene expression of PSY, PDS and ZDS were analyzed accordingly.【Result】 Results demonstrated that peel color during the developmental process from P1 to P7 firstly turns from green to yellow, then to green again, which was consistent with the changes of carotenoid accumulation and PSY, PDS and ZDS gene expression during this process. Ethylene could promote carotenoid accumulation, PSY gene expression in the peel at yellowing stage, but had no significant effects on PDS and ZDS gene expression. However, at the re-greening stage, ethylene treatment had no effects on carotenoid accumulation in the peel, but retarded the decline of PSY and PDS gene expression. 【Conclusion】 Results showed that in the late yellowing and re-greening stages, the regulating effects of ethylene on carotenoid accumulation and PSY, PDS gene expression were varied with fruit development stages of Valencia orange, indicating that the effects of ethylene may relate to other developmental factors. Ethylene could promote peel yellowing at the yellowing stages of Valencia orange, but re-greening was impossible by using ethylene at the re-greening stages.

Infulence of Temperature and Duration of Sunshine on Maturity Indices of Chardonnay in Huailai County of Hebei Province

CHEN Dai,LI De-mei,ZHAN Ji-cheng,HUANG Wei-dong

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 545-551 .

Abstract ( 717 )

PDF (304KB) ( 768 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 Taking the Chardonnay grapes in Huailai county, Hebei province as the object of this study, the effects of temperature, duration of sunshine on the grape maturity indices were analyzed. 【Method】 Based on five-year field test results in 2004-2008 and meteorological conditions, a comprehensive analysis was made using the correlation analysis, principal component analysis, regression analysis and variance analysis methods.【Result】The results showed that the highest temperature in April, mean temperature of May, the lowest temperature in May, the highest temperature in July and duration of sunshine in July were the most important factors affecting total sugar content of Chardonnay grape. Active accumulated temperature in May, the highest temperature in June had a significant effect on the total acid content. Active accumulated temperature in May, duration of sunshine of August, the highest temperature in August and September had a significant effect on sugar/acid ratio. Active accumulated temperature in April, duration of sunshine in July were the most important factors affecting pH value (0.05 level). 【Conclusion】In Huailai region, temperature and duration of sunshine have different effects on the Chardonnay grapes’ sugar content, acidity content, sugar acid ratio and pH value at different stages of growing season.

Relationship Between Floral Bud Differentiation and Endogenous Hormones in Autumn-Cutting Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Jinba’

FENG Feng,YANG Ji-shuang

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 552-561 .

Abstract ( 771 )

PDF (327KB) ( 646 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】The relationship between floral bud differentiation and endogenous hormones in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) was studied. 【Method】 The autumn-cutting chrysanthemum ‘Jinba’ was short-day treated, and the dynamic changes of endogenous hormones during floral bud differentiation were studied after measuring the morphological anatomies in flower bud and the endogenous hormones in apical bud and leaves. 【Result】 The results showed that GA3 contents in apical bud decreased and stayed at a low level in most of the time, however, the changes of GA3 contents in leaf were the contrary to the apical bud. The IAA contents in apical bud decreased first and reached the minimum value at the initial stage of floret primordia differentiation, and then reached the maximum value at the metaphase stage of crown formation. The IAA contents in leaf showed an increasing tendency before the initial stage of involucre primordia differentiation, then decreased later, and changed to be steady until the stage of crown formation. The contents of CTK increased greatly and were higher than those at the vegetative stage. The ABA contents in apical bud decreased first and then showed an increasing tendency, while ABA contents in leaves increased first and showed a decreasing tendency after a short steady period. The ratios of CTK to IAA, CTK to GA3, ABA to IAA and ABA to GA3 increased after flower bud differentiation started. 【Conclusion】 The research results showed that increasing in contents of CTK and ABA was related with floral bud differentiation of chrysanthemum. At early stage of flower differentiation, decreasing in contents of IAA and GA3 in apical bud and increasing in contents of IAA and GA3 in leaves were related to converting from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, while accumulating in contents of GA3 and IAA in apical bud was related to crown formation at final stage of flower differentiation. As to the hormones balance, maintaining high ratios of CTK to IAA, CTK to GA3, ABA to IAA and ABA to GA3 were beneficial to flower bud formation.

Study on Breeding and Photosynthetic Characteristics of New Polyploidy Variety for Leaf and Fruit-Producing Mulberry(Morus L)

WANG Xi-ling,YU Mao-de,LU Cheng,WU Cun-rong,JING Cheng-jun

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 562-569 .

Abstract ( 782 )

PDF (584KB) ( 1047 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment was to breed new polyploidy varieties of leafy and fruit-producing mulberry for its diverse utilization, improve economic profit and study the effects of different ploidy on the photosynthetic characteristics of mulberry,thus providing a theoretical basis for its breeding. 【Method】 Individual excellent selection associated with chemical induction were adopted. The morphological characters, daily changes of photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content were measured and ultrastructural changes of chloroplasts were observed. 【Result】 Results of three regional experiments showed that fruits yield of new variety was 45.8% higher than the control cultivar Hongguo2 and the mean leaves yield were 40% and 13% higher than the control cultivars ‘Hongguo2’ and ‘Husang 32’, respectively. The results of rearing silkworm showed that cocoon crop per 10 000 four-instar silkworm, cocoon shell weight per 10 000 four-instar silkworm and cocoon crop per 100 kg leaves were higher than only leave-producing control cultivar Husang32, increased by 4.65%, 4.35%, and 5.2%, respectively. This variety was registered and released for commercial production in Chongqing in 2009. Compared to clonal diploidy parent, synthetic character performance of tetraploid was superer and net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content increased, the number of the thylakoid per granum increased and the granum thylakoid piled up loosely and arranged orderly．【Conclusion】 The increase of number of the somatic chromosome of mulberry would in favor of the enhancement of leaf photosynthetic capacity and the new polyploidy variety of leafy and fruit-producing mulberry could not only increase the yield and quality of leaves, but also increase the yield and quality of fruits.

Identification of MicroRNA SNPs of HSF1 Gene and Their Association with Heat Tolerance in Chinese Holstein

LI Qiu-ling,JU Zhi-hua,JIA Xiang-jie,HUANG Jin-ming,LI Jian-bin,LI Rong-ling,LI Fang,WANG Chang-fa,ZHONG Ji-feng

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 570-578 .

Abstract ( 825 )

PDF (449KB) ( 1071 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 Heat shock transcription factor1 (HSF1) is the key protein in regulating heat stress response. 【Method】The polymorphisms of HSF1 gene and their association with heat tolerance in 638 Chinese Holstein cattle were investigated for the purpose of providing molecular marker information to facilitate the breeding efficiency of thermo tolerant cows. Primers were designed to amplify HSF1 gene fragment. DNA sequencing, PCR-SSCP and PCR-RFLP methods were used to analyze the polymorphisms. MicroRNA SNPs of HSF1 gene were localized by blasting to miRBASE database. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype were analyzed using SHEsis software. The association of these polymorphisms with heat tolerance index including potassium content in erythrocytes (PCE), decrease rate of milk production (R), rectal temperature (RT) and heat-tolerance coefficient (HTC) was analyzed by SAS software. The transcriptional level of HSF1 mRNA under heat stress conditions was studied by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR technology. 【Result】 Two novel microRNA SNPs, T909C and G4693T, were found. The cows with CC and CT genotype showed higher heat tolerance than those with TT genotype at T909C locus (P＜0.05). The cows with TT genotype showed higher heat tolerance than those with GG genotype at G4693T locus (P<0.05). Four haplotype and 10 haplotype combinations were found. The cows with H2H4 haplotype combination had lower PCE, RT and higher HCT than those with H1H3 haplotype combination (P<0.05). The cows with H2H4 haplotype combination had lower R than those with H1H1 haplotype combination (P<0.05). H2H4 was the heat tolerant haplotype combination. The transcriptional level of HSF1 mRNA under heat stress conditions was different in different tissues. The highest is that in heart, which is 11.24-fold enrichment than that in muscle (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 microRNA SNPs of HSF1 gene could be chosen as the molecular markers for choosing thermo tolerant dairy cattle in breeding program.

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Growth Hormone Gene from Donkey

ZHU Wen-jin,CHEN Juan,GUAN Xue-min,WU Jian-hua,GENG Li-ying,YANG Cai-ran,SONG Yu,ZHANG Yan-ying

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 579-586 .

Abstract ( 750 )

PDF (422KB) ( 638 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic differences of donkey growth hormone（GH）gene from its DNA, cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence in different species.【Method】The PCR primers were designed online according to result of gene homology comparison. Donkey GH gene DNA and cDNA sequence were cloned from liver tissue and blood by RT-PCR and PCR, and compared with GH gene sequences of different species by bioinformatics method. 【Result】 The donkey GH gene sequence was 1 928 bp, including the 706 bp cDNA sequence with the complete CDS. By comparison of DNA and cDNA sequences, it was found that the GH gene sequence included 5 exons and 4 introns, encoding 216 aa, including the signal protein of 26 aa and matured protein of 190 aa. Based on the analysis of the similarity of GH genes in different species on the level of cDNA, DNA and the deduced amino acid, there was the most homology to the horse. The GH gene of donkey was conservative in the process of evolution and its promotor was not specific TATA box, but CATA box. 【Conclusion】 DNA and cDNA sequences were obtained from liver tissue and blood, and the mutation of C→G DNA sequence in 1 267 may affect the growth and development of donkeys and horses. All researches made an essential foundation for GH regulation of gene expression, evolution, polymorphism analysis in the future.

Studies on the DNA Barcoding of Fifteen Chicken Breeds by mtDNA CO Ⅰ Gene

GAO Yu-shi,TANG Xiu-jun,TU Yun-jie,LU Jun-xian,XUE Mao-yun,SHI Zu-hao,ZHANG Xiao-yan

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 587-594 .

Abstract ( 843 )

PDF (420KB) ( 1008 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The aim of the study is to prove up the heredity polymorphism of indigenous chicken breeds and import breeds, and explore the utility of COⅠ gene as DNA barcoding for identifying these chicken breeds.【Method】 The COⅠgene in fifteen chicken breeds was amplified by using PCR and sequencing. 【Result】 The results revealed that the selective sequence of COⅠhad 38 SNPs. The Hd and Pi of fifteen chicken breeds were 0.970 and 0.602%, respectively, and the import breeds were lower than the indigenous chicken breeds (except Zang). Kimura 2-parameter distances among the fifteen chicken breeds were 0.056%-0.917%, and within the chicken breeds were 0-0.346%. DNA taxonomy is consistent with morphological taxonomy among the fifteen chicken breeds. The divergence between import breeds and indigenous chicken breeds was much farther.【Conclusion】 The phylogenetic relationships of the breeds can be well resolved by COⅠ gene sequences. It is feasible and effective to identify chicken breeds using DNA barcodes of COⅠ gene.

Comparative Study on Immune Responses of Goose Induced by pcDNA-GPV-VP3 and Attenuated Vaccine

ZHU De-kang,LI Min,CHE Qian,CHENG An-chun,WANG Ming-shu,CHEN Xiao-yue

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 595-603 .

Abstract ( 757 )

PDF (509KB) ( 552 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The immune response of immunized ducklings induced by goose parvovirus VP3 gene vaccine（pcDNA-GPV-VP3）and attenuated vaccine was compared for providing experimental data for explaination of immune mechanisms and immune duration of pcDNA-GPV-VP3.【Method】 The 30-day-old Sichuan White Geese were immunized with pcDNA-GPV-VP3 gene vaccine and attenuated vaccine of GPV. The antigens of GPV were detected by immunohistochemistry method. To compare the immune response ability of goose induced by gene vaccine and attenuated vaccine, the cell immunity effect and serum antibody titer were detected by lymphocyte proliferation assay and indirect ELISA, respectively. 【Result】 The GPV antigen was detected in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, Harder's glands, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, rectum, appendix, pancreas, cerebrum and injection muscle of goose in attenuated vaccine group. In gene vaccine group, the GPV antigen was detected in the heart, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, rectum, appendix, pancreas, cerebrum and injection muscle of goose. The action of T lymphocyte to ConA was enhanced in peripheral blood of immunized goose with attenuated vaccine from 14th day. It reached the highest at 35th day. The OD value of T lymphocyte descended at first in the gene vaccine group. It rose at 14th day and reached the highest at 35th day. The value in 21-63 d was higher than that of the control group and attenunated vaccine group, the difference was extremely significant (P＜0.01). The serum antibody titer of goose immunized with attenuated vaccine was higher than that of PBS control group from 3rd day. It reached the highest at 28th day. The serum antibody titer of goose immunized with gene vaccine was higher than that of PBS control group from 14th day. It reached the highest at 28th day. The value in 21-217 d was higher than that of the control group, the difference was significant (P＜0.05) or extremely significant (P＜0.01). The serum antibody titer of goose immunized with gene vaccine and attenuated vaccine had no obvious difference at any time except that in 28th day, and the difference was extremely significant (P＜0.01). 【Conclusion】The pcDNA-GPV-VP3 gene vaccine could express in the immunized muscle, heart and intestines of goose and induced favorable cell immunity and humoral immunity. The immune response ability induced by gene vaccine has more advantages than by attenuated vaccine. It is helpful to explain the immunologic mechanism and clinical application of pcDNA-GPV-VP3.

Distribution of 5-HT and 5-HT1A Receptors in Uterus of Rats During Pregnancy

HAO Jian-jun,XU Yong-ping,WANG Hong-mei,HU Xiao-hai,DUO JI La-mu

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 604-612 .

Abstract ( 648 )

PDF (541KB) ( 572 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The distribution and expression variation of 5-HT and 5-HT1A receptors in the uterus of the Sprague Dawley during pregnancy were studied. 【Method】 Thirty mature female SD rats with normal pregnancy were randomly divided into 6 groups: pregnancy 3 days group (3D), pregnancy 5 days group (5D) , pregnancy 7 days group (7D), pregnancy13 days group (13D), pregnancy 19 days group (19D) and the first day of postpartum group (P1). The expression of 5-HT and 5-HT1A R in uterus of the rats during pregnancy cycle were studied by immunohistochemical SP method.【Result】The 5-HT and 5-HT1A R immunoreactive products mainly located in endometrial epithelial cells, the glandular epithelium, vascular endothelial cells, stromal cells, decidual cells, immune cells and muscle fiber. The strongest coloration of 5-HT was in 7D and 13D. The strongest coloration of 5-HT1A R was in 13D. The relative expression of immunoreactive product 5-HT and 5-HT1A R of T-test showed that, compared with the 3D, 5D and P1, the expression of 5-HT in 7D and 13D of endometrium was extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01), compared with the 19D, the expression of 5-HT in 7D and 13D were significantly increased (P＜0.05). Compared with the 7D, the expression of 5-HT in 19D of myometrium was significantly decreased (P＜0.05), compared with the 13D, the expression of 5-HT in 19D of myometrium was extremely significantly decreased (P＜0.01). Compared with the 3D, 5D, 7D and P0, the expression of 5-HT1A R in 13D of endometrium was extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01), Compared with the 7D, expression of 5-HT1A R in 13D of endometrium was significantly increased (P＜0.05). Compared with the 3D, 5D, 7D ,19D and P1, the expression of 5-HT1A R in 13D of myometrium was extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01). Expression of 5-HT and 5-HT1AR in pregnancy had highly significant positive correlation. 【Conclusion】 The expression of 5-HT and 5-HT1A R in the uterus in different pregnancy periods was found to adapt to some certain rules, 5-HT through 5-HT1AR are involved in the regulation of pregnancy.

Preparation of Phytase Mouse Polyclonal Antiserum

HU Xiao-fei,WEI Feng-xian,XING Guang-xu,ZHI Ai-min,CHAI Shu-jun,SUN Ya-ning,WANG Lei,DENG Rui-guang,ZHANG Gai-ping

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 613-619 .

Abstract ( 784 )

PDF (339KB) ( 669 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The objective of the experiment is to prepare high sensitive and specific polyclonal antiserum against phytase. 【Method】Tentative purified phytase was identified by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, then immune Balb/C mouse with 50μg phytase protein /time, once every four weeks for 4 times, 60 days after the last immunization, the serum was prepared followed blood withdrawn by eyeball taken off. Antiserum titer was determined by indirect ELISA, sensibility and specificity by indirect compete ELISA.【Result】The result showed that wheat bran phtase SDS-PAGE had only one belt, phytase antiserum titer was 1×104, and IC50 was 148.87ng﹒mL-1. The antiserum IC50 to normal, coated and concentrated microorganism phytase was 165.69 ng﹒mL-1, 163.80 ng﹒mL-1 and 166.51 ng﹒mL-1, and cross-reactivity was 89.85%, 90.88%, and 89.41%, respectively. The antiserum IC50 to inactivated (boiled for 5 min) wheat bran phytase, normal, coated and concentrated microorganism phytase was 2 871.34 ng﹒mL-1, 5 208.85 ng﹒mL-1, 7 914.12 ng﹒mL-1 and 5 804.24 ng﹒mL-1, and the cross-reactivity was 5.18%, 2.86%, 1.88%, and 2.56%, respectively.【Conclusion】In conclusion, phytase polyclonal antiserum with high titer and sensitive and specificity was gotten. This polyclonal antibody may lay a foundation for the further phytase monoclonal antibody preparation and the subsequent ELISA kit development.

Changes of Precipitation Suitability and Assessment of Yield Loss Risk of Cole at Flowering Period

WU Li-hong,LOU Wei-ping,LIU Miao,WU Yao-xiang

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 620-626 .

Abstract ( 907 )

PDF (497KB) ( 776 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】The objective of the research was to study the changes of precipitation suitability and yield loss risk of cole at flowering period.【Method】Changes of precipitation suitability of cole at flowering period were calculated by using climate trend rate. Based on relationship of precipitation suitability and cole yield, yield loss risk was assessed based on Beta distribution model.【Result】Precipitation suitability of cole at flowering period is positive, suitability was increased at the average rate of 0.0075/10a,waterlogging in cole flowering period in Zhejiang showed signs of abating. In bad harvest year, risk probability of precipitation suitability spatial distribution showed a decrease from southwest to northeast, and in good harvest year, it showed a increase from southwest to northeast. 【Conclusion】 The change of climate made precipitation suitability increased and risk decreased, which is of benefit to the increase of the cole yield.

Effect of Cry1Ab Gene on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Photosynthate Accumulation of Rice

LIU Wei,WANG Shu-tao,CHEN Ying-xu,WU Wei-xiang

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 627-633 .

Abstract ( 666 )

PDF (252KB) ( 761 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】The objective of this study was to identify the effect of exogenous Cry1Ab gene on photosynthetic characteristics in Bt transgenic rice.【Method】 Pot and field experiments were conducted with Bt transgenic and non-Bt transgenic rice at seedling, booting, heading and maturing stages, photosynthesis and enzyme activities of reciprocal first leaf were analyzed. 【Result】 The results showed that all of the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pn) appeared at booting stage. At seedling stage, the Pn of transgenic Bt rice was significantly lower than that of non-Bt transgenic rice. However, Pn, total chlorophyll content and activity of glycolate oxidase in Bt transgenic rice were significantly higher than those in non-Bt transgenic rice at booting and heading stages. Moreover, intercellular CO2 concentration of Bt transgenic rice at booting stage was significantly higher than that of non-Bt transgenic rice. The significant changes of stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, the total chlorophyll content and the enzyme activities in the leaves of Bt transgenic and non-Bt transgenic rice were not detected at maturing stage. 【Conclusion】 Compared with non-Bt transgenic rice, the photosynthesis and chlorophyll of Bt transgenic rice were changed at some development stages, which suggested that the effect of Cry1Ab gene on photosynthetic characteristics of rice was transitory and no continuous.

Ammonia Volatilization in Intercropping Field of Maize with Different Crops

NIE Sheng-wei,CHEN Yuan-quan,SUI Peng,GAO Wang-sheng,HUANG Jian-xiong,LI Yuan-yuan,XIONG Jie,SHI Xue-peng,WU Xue-mei,SUN Zi-guang

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 634-640 .

Abstract ( 814 )

PDF (279KB) ( 621 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 How to decrease the ammonia volatilization of field is one of the research hotspot recently. In this article, the characteristics of ammonia volatilization were observed in-situ under the intercropping patterns with maize and different crops. 【Method】 In situ experiments combined with venting method were conducted to study the effects of ammonia volatilization in farmlands under maize intercropped with soybean, ryegrass, alfalfa and groundnut in 2008-2009.【Result】The results showed that patterns of maize intercropped with groundnut and maize intercropped with alfalfa could suppress the NH3 volatilization during the maize growing stages, and maize with soybean and maize with ryegrass patterns could increase the NH3 volatilization compared with maize monoculture. The total value of NH3 volatilization under the pattern of maize intercropping groundnut and maize intercropping alfalfa could reduce 6.77-17.42 kg?hm-2 and 1.53-23.63 kg?hm-2, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The results indicated that NH3 volatilization can be effectively reduced in farmland through intercropping with maize and suitable crops (such as groundnut and alfalfa).

Sub-Cellular Localization and Expression Analysis of Genes Involved in Grapevine Floral Development

YANG Guang,CAO Xue,FANG Jing-gui,HUANG Zhen-xi,TAO Jian-min,WANG Chen

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 641-650 .

Abstract ( 660 )

PDF (495KB) ( 1650 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】The aim of this study was to isolate the open reading frame sequence of Vitis vinifera AGAMOUS (VvAG), Vitis vinifera APETALA 3 (VvAP3), Vitis vinifera FLOWERING LOCUS C (VvFLC), Vitis vinifera FRUITFUL (VvFUL), Vitis vinifera FLOWERING LOCUS T (VvFT), Vitis vinifera APETALA2 (VvAP2) and Vitis vinifera SUPPRESSOR OF OVER EXPRESSION OF CO 1 (VvSOC1) from ‘Xiangyue’, one of the most popular table grape cultivars, and for some preliminary study on their functions. 【Method】 Specific primers RT-PCR method was used to clone genes, and semi-quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression of genes in different organs and tissues. Recombinant plasmid was introduced into onion epidermal cells by the particle bombardment method with a PDS1000/He. Transformed cells were incubated for 24 h at 25℃ in the dark and green fluorescence was monitored under a Laser scanning confocal microscope. 【Result】The expression results of the genes in different tissues showed that they were expressed ubiquitously in all the organs and tissues, but the expression levels were some different. VvFT, VvFUL and VvAP3 were expressed highest in young fruit, VvAG and VvAP2 highest in flower, and VvSOC1 and VvFLC highest in young leaves. VvSOC1, VvFT, VvFLC and VvAP2 combined with GFP were only located in nucleus of onion epidermal cell, which showed typical characteristics of transcription factor; however, VvAG, VvFUL and VvAP3 combined with GFP were located in both the plasma membrane and nucleus. 【Conclusion】All these genes were involved in the developments both of reproductive and vegetative organs, and showed the nucleus location phenomena by combining with GFP except that VvAG, VvFUL, and VvAP3 showed signal at plasma membrane.

Study on the Genetic Diversity of Some Camellia japonica (Naidong) Cultivars Based on AFLP Markers

WANG Kui-ling,MU Shao-hua,LIU Qing-chao,TANG Qi-he,LIU Qing-hua

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(3): 651-656 .

Abstract ( 949 )

PDF (439KB) ( 1037 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】The genetic diversity of Camellia Japonica (Naidong) cultivar accessions was analyzed at molecular level,and the helpful information for cultivar classification was obtained.【Method】The genetic diversity of 16 cultivars and 2 mutation types of Camellia Japonica (Naidong) with 5 cultivars of C. japonica from south of China, 2 cultivars of C. reticulata was analyzed by the fluorescent-AFLP marker techniques with 8 pairs of EcoRⅠ/Mse 1 primer combinations. 【Result】 In the genomes of the 30 tested samples,a total of 1 062 spectral bands amplified from the 8 pairs of primer combinations were selected from AFLP analysis and 987 bands appeared to be polymorphic (92.9%). The data were used to calculate the Nei’s genetic distance and to construct a dendrogram based on UPGMA cluster analysis. 【Conclusion】 It showed that the cultivars of Camellia japonica (Naidong) have a remote genetic relationship compared with the cultivars of Camellia from south of China,and cultivars of Camellia japonica (Naidong) can be divided into 6 groups,which indicated that Camellia japonica (Naidong) have rich genetic variability.

Table of Content