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Development and Prospect of Rice Cultivation in China ZHANG HongCheng,HU YaJie,YANG JianChang,DAI QiGen,HUO ZhongYang,XU Ke,WEI HaiYan,GAO Hui,GUO BaoWei,XING ZhiPeng,HU Qun Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2021, 54 (7): 1301-1321.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.001 Abstract （1568）   HTML （136）    PDF （631KB）（1410）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is the most important food crop in China, and plays an important role in ensuring national food security. At present, the transformation of the traditional small-scale production to rice production mechanization, intelligent, standardization and modern large-scale production with the intensification are faced. In this important historical node, this review summarized the development of rice cultivation with Chinese characteristics and the main scientific and technological achievements in nearly 70 years, and explored the future of rice cultivation technology development direction is of great significance. Over the past 70 years, the rice agronomist hold the bottleneck problem and key cultivation technology in the large-scale production, and researched the law of rice growth and yield and quality formation and its relationship with environmental conditions and cultivation measures, and explored rice growth regulation, culture optimization decision and some new methods of cultivation and management. A large number of widespread application cultivation technique and theory and its achievements had obtained in nearly 70 years. Ten mainly aspects of rice cultivation scientific and technological achievements were emphatically expounded in China since the reform and opening up, such as rice leaf age model cultivation theory and technology, population quality cultivation and its control, accurate quantitative cultivation, light simplified cultivation, mechanized cultivation, super-high-yield cultivation, high quality cultivation, green cultivation and adversity cultivation, regional cultivation. And the important direction of development of the future Chinese rice cultivation and innovation was pointed out: (1) To strengthen the coordination of rice green, high quality and high yield and extensive cultivation research; (2) To strengthen the research on high quality cultivation of multi-purpose rice; (3) To strengthen the research on synergistic rules and practical cultivation of super high yield and quality improvement of rice; (4) To strengthen the research on the mechanized cultivation of direct seeding rice and reproducing rice with high yield and high quality; (5) To strengthen the intelligent and unmanned cultivation of rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Growth Characteristics and Key Techniques for Stable Yield of Growth Constrained Direct Seeding Rice ZHANG HongCheng,XING ZhiPeng,WENG WenAn,TIAN JinYu,TAO Yu,CHENG Shuang,HU Qun,HU YaJie,GUO BaoWei,WEI HaiYan Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2021, 54 (7): 1322-1337.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.002 Abstract （349）   HTML （26）    PDF （577KB）（520）       Knowledge map    Save With the decrease of high-quality labor in rural areas, the rising of labor cost and the development of large-scale production, direct seeding as a simplified rice planting technology was widely used continuously. Therefore, the promotion of its stable or increased yielding was of great significance in ensuring food security in this country. According to the growth characteristics of direct seeding rice in multiple cropping area of South China, a concept of growth constrained direct seeding rice was put forward. In other words, the rice emergence and seedling growth under direct seeding were significantly imitated and affected by multiple adversities, which were caused by 100% returning the previous crop straw to the field and lower quality of ploughing and sowing in short crop rotation time. And the rice later sowing date under direct seeding method than transplanting rice shortened the plant growth duration, reduced the utilization of temperature and light resources, and imitated the rice growth, as affected by the previous crop. Thus the yield of direct seeding rice was not high and instable. For now, this kind of growth constrained direct seeding rice was widely used in production and restricted the balanced production increase in large area. Therefore, the stable yield cultivation methods of growth constrained direct seeding rice were explored in this paper. The comparison experiments were carried out with a representative japonica rice variety in consideration of more panicles and more grains in Jiangsu, and the treatments of 1.2 million, 2.4 million and 3.6 million basic seedlings per hectare, under representative simplified cultivation and sowing methods on a large scale. With the basic seedlings treatments, three cultivation ways of growth constrained direct seeding rice were formed respectively, including panicles formed with more tillers, panicles formed with both stems and tillers, and panicles formed with more stems in the experiment. The characteristics of photosynthetic matter production, yield and quality of different types of rice were systematically analyzed. “The basic seedlings of rice should be increased appropriately to increase the ratio of main stem to panicle and produce more spikelets with sufficient main stem, and then the dry matter in middle and late growth duration would be produced and accumulated more and more” was tentatively believed as an effective cultivation way for stable yield, high quality and efficiency of growth constrained direct seeding rice. The key techniques of stable yield cultivation and reasonable development suggestions of growth constrained direct seeding rice were also introduced in this paper. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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