【Objective】With the decrease of cultivated land area, the increase of population and the rapid development of social economy, increasing crop yield per unit area is an important way to improve the total grain yield and ensure the food security in China. It is of great significance to explore the way of high efficiency and limiting factors to improve the unit yield. 【Method】 In this study, winter wheat and summer maize were taken as the research objects. In four ecological regions of Shandong province (eastern Shandong, central Shandong, northwestern Shandong and southwestern Shandong), the simulation model and other methods were employed to study yield under different climate and cultivation management conditions in 2008-2017, to put forward quantitative evaluation indicators, to analyze and clarify the main limiting factors affecting resource utilization and yield.【Result】(1) In the growth season of winter wheat in the eastern Shandong, the influencing rates of light and temperature resource, variety, cultivation pattern, water resource and nitrogen resource were 16.96%, 20.68%, 1.39%, 60.97% and 0, respectively, those in central Shandong were 37.72%, 20.16%, 1.57%, 40.55% and 0, and those in northwestern Shandong were 17.90%, 19.11%, 1.20%, 61.79%, 0, respectively; Those in southwestern Shandong were 33.65%, 23.80%, 1.65%, 40.90% and 0 respectively. (2) In the growth season of summer maize in the eastern Shandong, the influencing rates of light and temperature resource, variety, cultivation mode, water resource and nitrogen resource were 49.11%, 9.07%, 10.64%, 31.18% and 0, respectively; In central Shandong, the influence rates of each limiting factor were 56.62%, 10.86%, 11.65%, 20.87% and 0, respectively; In northwestern Shandong, the influence rates of each factor were 43.01%, 18.95% 11.26%, 26.78% and 0; Those in southwestern Shandong were 64.42%, 5.44%, 15.84%, 14.30% and 0, respectively. 【Conclusion】 In the winter wheat growing season, the farmland resources in the eastern and northwestern Shandong were mainly limited by water resource, followed by light and temperature resource and variety, and the cultivation mode and nitrogen resource had little influence. In the central and southwestern Shandong, it was mainly affected by light and temperature resource and water resources, followed by the variety factors. The growth season of maize in the four regions was influenced by light and temperature resource, followed by water resource, and less by varieties and cultivation patterns.