基于香菇多酚提取物组成与功能特性差异的加工应用方向探索

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.17.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To address industry challenges, such as low added value and poor processability of deep-processed Lentinula edodes products caused by regional variations, the major cultivar ‘Shenxiang 1513’ from two primary production regions in China, including Qingyuan (Zhejiang) and Suizhou (Hubei), was selected as research object. Based on the unique occurrence forms and health benefits of L. edodes polyphenols, this study systematically compared the composition and functional properties of polyphenol extracts obtained using different extraction methods. The goal was to identify their potential processing and application directions for these extracts (LEPs), and to provide a theoretical basis for the targeted development of high-value-added L. edodes products.【Method】LEPs were prepared using three techniques: hot water extraction (H), microwave-assisted extraction (M), and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (U). Their microstructure and chemical composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), respectively, along with analysis of their physicochemical properties. In vitro antioxidant capacity was evaluated through radical scavenging and reducing power assays. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic potential were assessed by measuring inhibition of major digestive enzymes, intrinsic fluorescence quenching, and glycolipid adsorption capacity, enabling a multidimensional quality evaluation of LEPs.【Result】The total polyphenol content of LEPs ranged from 2.82 to 5.51 mg GAE·g^-1, and total flavonoid content ranged from 5.69 to 6.81 mg RE·g^-1. LC-MS analysis showed that the polyphenol extract from Qingyuan contained higher levels of rutin, benzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, whereas the polyphenol extract from Suizhou was mainly composed of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and benzoic acid. Basic physicochemical characterization indicated that LEPs had good solubility and oil-holding capacity. In antioxidant assays, Qingyuan-H exhibited the strongest scavenging capacity against ABTS⁺ radicals and hydroxyl radicals, with IC₅₀ (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) values of 0.18 and 3.25 mg·mL^-1, respectively. Qingyuan-M showed higher activity in DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power, with a half-inhibitory concentration of 1.49 mg·mL^-1 for DPPH, and a reducing power of 5.20 mg AAE·(g DW)^-1 at 6 mg·mL^-1. In vitro hypoglycemic assays confirmed that L. edodes polyphenol extracted from Qingyuan had a stronger glucose-lowering effect than that from Suizhou. The IC₅₀ of Qingyuan-M against α-glucosidase was 1.63 mg·mL^-1, and the fluorescence quenching mechanism was determined to be static quenching. Its glucose-binding capacity was 211.64 µmol·g^-1. The polyphenol extract from Suizhou showed higher pancreatic lipase inhibition than that from Qingyuan. Suizhou-M achieved 66.63% inhibition, with binding rates of 28.93% and 48.74% for sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate, respectively.【Conclusion】This study indicated that regional differences influenced the functional properties of L. edodes polyphenols and could guide processing strategies. Qingyuan sources mushrooms were more suitable for targeted development of natural antioxidant products. Polyphenols extracted from Qingyuan L. edodes via microwave-assisted extraction (Qingyuan-M) demonstrated outstanding glucose-lowering efficacy and were promising raw materials for hypoglycemic functional products. In contrast, polyphenols extracted from Suizhou L. edodes using the same method were more suitable for lipid-lowering product development.

Key words: Lentinula edodes polyphenol, composition, physicochemical properties, functional characteristics, processing direction

BAO RuoTong, MA GaoXing, HU QiuHui, ZHAO XinYi, ZHANG Ran, LI CaoYu, LI WenQi, GUO WenLuo. Exploration of Processing Applications Based on Differences in the Composition and Functional Properties of Lentinula edodes Polyphenol Extracts[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(17): 3871-3889.

Figures/Tables 18

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Table 3

Quantitative analysis of the main components in LEPs (μg·g-1)"

酚类化合物 Phenolic compound	样品 Sample
酚类化合物 Phenolic compound	庆元-H Qingyuan-H	庆元-M Qingyuan-M	庆元-U Qingyuan-U	随州-H Suizhou-H	随州-M Suizhou-M	随州-U Suizhou-U
原儿茶酸 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic	2.7612±0.0357b	3.3492±0.0760a	2.7500±0.1000b	—	—	—
4-羟基苯甲酸 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	3.4462±0.0783b	3.3937±0.0427b	3.5674±0.1156b	8.2075±0.2961a	8.0888±0.3377a	7.9664±0.2693a
香草酸 Vanillic acid	—	—	—	1.9755±0.1153a	1.8067±0.04451b	1.6457±0.0760c
咖啡酸 Caffeic acid	0.2747±0.0058a	0.2563±0.0023b	0.2529±0.0108b	0.1820±0.0055c	0.1623±0.0058d	0.1537±0.0100d
丁香酸 Syringic acid	0.1454±0.0039d	0.1416±0.0025d	0.1143±0.0022d	0.8325±0.0426a	0.7087±0.0200b	0.6374±0.0379c
香草醛 Vanillin	0.0509±0.0013c	0.0493±0.0009c	0.0408±0.0023d	0.2053±0.0061a	0.1473±0.0037b	0.1539±0.0095b
丁香醛 Syringaldehyde	—	—	—	0.0929±0.0051a	0.0627±0.0033c	0.0762±0.0030b
芦丁 Rutin	7.3605±0.1846a	7.4744±0.0510a	6.8880±0.0509b	0.2932±0.0062c	0.3025±0.0198c	0.2917±0.0108c
牡荆素 Vitexin	0.1013±0.0019d	0.1069±0.0012d	0.0505±0.0013e	0.2998±0.0170a	0.1808±0.0092b	0.1293±0.0048c
反式阿魏酸 Trans-Ferulic acid	0.0745±0.0004c	0.0832±0.0017b	0.1674±0.0023a	0.0361±0.0010e	0.0604±0.0023d	0.0615±0.0034d
槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷 Quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside	0.7544±0.0196a	0.7444±0.0261a	0.6699±0.0437b	0.0668±0.0016c	0.0579±0.0017c	0.0390±0.0023c
二氢槲皮素 (+)-Dihydroquercetin	0.1812±0.0043a	0.1740±0.0035b	0.1846±0.0036a	—	—	—
苯甲酸 Benzoic acid	3.2042±0.2478b	3.9258±0.1279a	2.9956±0.1834b	1.6012±0.0876c	1.3856±0.0513c	1.4241±0.0931c
山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside	0.1345±0.0015b	0.1380±0.001a	0.1185±0.0016c	0.0367±0.0015d	0.0319±0.0019e	0.0294±0.0031e
二氢山奈酚 (+)-Dihydrokaempferol	0.0340±0.0007a	0.0288±0.0004c	0.0322±0.0017b	—	—	—
白藜芦醇 Resveratrol	0.0024±0.0003a	0.0012±0.0003b	—	—	—	—
槲皮素 Quercetin	0.1393±0.0032b	0.1355±0.0014c	0.1493±0.0040a	0.0153±0.0012d	0.0119±0.0004d	0.0135±0.0011d
氢化肉桂酸 Hydrocinnamic acid	0.4226±0.0079b	0.4558±0.0138a	0.4307±0.0119ab	0.2342±0.0214c	0.2185±0.0106c	0.2181±0.0226c
反式肉桂酸 Trans-Cinnamic acid	1.0034±0.0051a	0.9861±0.0032a	0.9551±0.0231b	0.2228±0.0094d	0.2479±0.0100c	0.2212±0.0140d
柚皮素 Naringenin	0.0044±0.0003a	0.0044±0.0003a	0.0026±0.0003b	—	—	—
山奈酚 Kaempferol	0.011±0.0004a	0.0081±0.0003c	0.0092±0.0002b	—	—	—

Table 3

Table 4

Fig. 2

Table 5

Fig. 3

Table 6

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Table 7

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Table 8

Fig. 10

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试验材料Material	庆元香菇 L. edodes, Qingyuan	随州香菇 L. edodes, Suizhou
供货商Supplier	浙江香满亭生物科技有限公司 Zhejiang xiangmanting Biotechnology Co., Ltd	湖北长久菌业有限公司 Hubei Changjiu Fungi Industry Co., Ltd
采摘地点Collection site	浙江省庆元县香菇生产基地 L. edodes Production Base, Qingyuan County, Zhejiang Province	湖北省随州市香菇生产基地 L. edodes Production Base, Suizhou City, Hubei Province
品种Variety	申香1513 Shenxiang1513
采摘时间Harvest date	2023年冬季；同一潮次Winter 2023, Same flush
购买时间Purchase date	2024年3月 March 2024
干制条件Drying conditions	50—65 ℃烘干24 h Dried at 50-65 ℃ for 24 h

样品 Sample	总多酚含量 Total phenolic content (mg GAE·g^-1)	总黄酮含量 Total flavonoid content (mg RE·g^-1)
庆元-H Qingyuan-H	5.19±0.03b	6.78±0.04a
庆元-M Qingyuan-M	5.51±0.09a	6.81±0.08a
庆元-U Qingyuan-U	4.28±0.02c	6.25±0.08b
随州-H Suizhou-H	2.82±0.08f	5.69±0.02e
随州-M Suizhou-M	3.30±0.06d	5.98±0.08c
随州-U Suizhou-U	2.94±0.07e	5.83±0.04d

样品 Sample	溶解性 Water solubility (%)	持水力 Water-holding capacity (g·g^-1)	持油力 Oil-holding capacity (g·g^-1)
庆元-H Qingyuan-H	85.99±4.66a	0.07±0.03d	2.02±0.03b
庆元-M Qingyuan-M	87.90±5.29a	0.26±0.01c	2.19±0.03ab
庆元-U Qingyuan-U	89.35±2.10a	0.06±0.02d	2.13±0.02ab
随州-H Suizhou-H	89.61±4.72a	0.56±0.08b	1.98±0.14b
随州-M Suizhou-M	86.41±5.45a	0.76±0.15a	2.34±0.24a
随州-U Suizhou-U	86.33±3.47a	0.34±0.16c	1.93±0.21b

样品 Sample	半抑制浓度IC₅₀ (mg·mL^-1)			抗坏血酸当量 AAE (mg AAE·g^-1 DW)
样品 Sample	DPPH·	ABTS⁺·	·OH	还原力 Reducing power
庆元-H Qingyuan-H	1.73±0.22d	0.18±0.01d	3.25±0.12c	5.00±0.07d
庆元-M Qingyuan-M	1.49±0.08e	0.21±0.01c	3.45±0.06c	5.20±0.08e
庆元-U Qingyuan-U	1.61±0.05de	0.21±0.00c	3.38±0.16c	4.99±0.04d
随州-H Suizhou-H	3.27±0.07b	0.31±0.01b	6.48±0.31b	2.94±0.03a
随州-M Suizhou-M	2.59±0.11c	0.35±0.01a	7.79±0.51a	3.10±0.05c
随州-U Suizhou-U	3.64±0.11a	0.35±0.01a	8.07±0.54a	3.01±0.03b

	Stern-Volmer方程R²	K_a (mL·mg^-1)	n
庆元-H Qingyuan-H	0.9966	0.2021	0.87
庆元-M Qingyuan-M	0.9970	0.3768	0.40
庆元-U Qingyuan-U	0.9682	0.3089	0.48
随州-H Suizhou-H	0.9593	0.0296	2.46
随州-M Suizhou-M	0.9985	0.1222	1.34
随州-U Suizhou-U	0.9924	0.1357	0.90

Exploration of Processing Applications Based on Differences in the Composition and Functional Properties of Lentinula edodes Polyphenol Extracts

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	Stern-Volmer方程R²	K_a (mL·mg^-1)	n
庆元-H Qingyuan-H	0.9933	0.6051	0.5525
庆元-M Qingyuan-M	0.9965	0.5585	0.8104
庆元-U Qingyuan-U	0.9963	0.5470	0.6062
随州-H Suizhou-H	0.9773	0.8473	0.3218
随州-M Suizhou-M	0.9988	1.0083	0.5266
随州-U Suizhou-U	0.9980	0.8838	0.4966

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