长期施肥小麦根际与非根际土壤的磷组分及其有效性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.12.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 By studying the effects of long-term different fertilization on organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus in wheat rhizosphere and bulk soil, the contribution of organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus to soil available phosphorus was revealed, which could provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization of soil and effective utilization of accumulated phosphorus in soil.【Method】Wheat rhizosphere and bulk soil samples were collected from different fertilization treatments (control without fertilizers (CK), nitrogen and potassium (NK), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), and NPK plus organic manure (MNPK)). The content of inorganic phosphorus fractions (dicalcium phosphate (Ca₂-P), octa-calcium phosphate (Ca₈-P), apatite (Ca₁₀-P), aluminum bounded phosphate (Al-P), iron bounded phosphate (Fe-P), and occluded phosphate (O-P)) in the soil were determined by Chang and Jackson's inorganic phosphorus classification method improved by JIANG Bofan and GU Yichu, and organic phosphorus fractions (labile organic phosphorus (L-OP), moderately labile organic phosphorus (ML-OP), moderately resistant organic phosphorus (MR-OP), and high resistant organic phosphorus (HR-OP)) were determined by Bowman-Cole's organic phosphorus classification method.【Result】The long-term balanced fertilization (NPK, MNPK), especially the application of organic fertilizer (MNPK), significantly improved the level of soil organic carbon and decreased the soil pH, and significantly increased the content of L-OP, ML-OP and MR-OP in soil organic phosphorus and Ca₂-P, Ca₈-P, Al-P, Fe-P and O-P in inorganic phosphorus. Organic phosphorus mainly existed in ML-OP, followed by MR-OP, L-OP, and HR-OP, accounting for 73.4%, 15.6%, 5.4%, and 5.6% of the total organic phosphorus in rhizosphere soil, respectively, and 72.1%, 15.8%, 6.0% and 6.1% in bulk soil, respectively. The average content of inorganic phosphorus was Ca₁₀-P>Ca₈-P>Al-P>O-P>Fe-P>Ca₂-P, accounting for 51.2%, 15.7%, 12.3%, 11.4%, 7.2%, and 2.2% of the total inorganic phosphorus in rhizosphere soil, respectively，and accounting for 53.2%, 15.4%, 11.6%, 10.9%, 6.7% and 2.2% of the total inorganic phosphorus in bulk soil, respectively. In the rhizosphere soil, the phosphorus fractions affecting the phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC) were ranked as ML-OP>Al-P>Ca₂-P>L-OP>Ca₈-P>MR-OP>Fe-P>O-P>Ca₁₀-P>HR-OP. In bulk soil, the order of phosphorus fractions affecting PAC was Ca₂-P>L-OP>Ca₈-P>Al-P>ML-OP>Fe-P>MR-OP>Ca₁₀-P>HR-OP>O-P.【Conclusion】Long-term balanced fertilization, especially the application of organic fertilizer, significantly improved the availability of moderately labile organic phosphorus and moderately labile inorganic phosphorus in rhizosphere soil. The availability of labile organic phosphorus and labile inorganic phosphorus in bulk soil was also significantly improved. Available phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil mainly came from ML-OP and Al-P, while available phosphorus in bulk soil mainly came from L-OP and Ca₂-P. The reasonable soil fertilization could effectively improve soil phosphorus availability.

Key words: wheat, long-term fertilization, rhizosphere soil, bulk soil, fraction of inorganic phosphorus, fraction of organic phosphorus, phosphorus availability, tier soil

LU Peng, FENG Jia, LI Li, YANG Li, YANG Lei, LÜ DeZhi, XUE YanFei. Phosphorus Fractions in Rhizosphere and Bulk Soil of Wheat and Their Availability Under Long-Term Fertilization[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(12): 2382-2396.

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处理 Treatment	根际土壤 Rhizosphere soil		非根际土壤 Bulk soil
处理 Treatment	有机碳含量 SOC (g·kg^-1)	pH	有机碳含量 SOC (g·kg^-1)	pH
CK	8.83±0.10a	8.36±0.07a	7.90±0.35b	8.51±0.15a
NK	10.19±0.20a	8.20±0.02b	9.14±0.17b	8.39±0.11a
NPK	11.34±0.21a	8.14±0.04b	10.32±0.14b	8.29±0.03a
MNPK	16.96±0.64a	8.01±0.03b	15.13±0.41b	8.17±0.07a

作用因子 Factor	直接作用 Direct effect	间接作用 Indirect effect
作用因子 Factor	直接作用 Direct effect	x₁→y	x₂→y	x₃→y	x₄→y	x₅→y	x₆→y	x₇→y	x₈→y	x₉→y	x₁₀→y
L-OP (x₁)	0.38	-	0.08	0.54	-0.05	-0.15	-0.05	0.00	1.11	-0.20	0.10
ML-OP (x₂)	0.08	-0.37	-	0.54	-0.04	-0.14	-0.05	-0.01	1.06	-0.20	0.08
MR-OP (x₃)	0.55	-0.37	0.08	-	-0.04	-0.14	-0.05	-0.01	1.08	-0.20	0.08
HR-OP (x₄)	-0.13	-0.15	0.03	0.17	-	-0.11	-0.03	0.00	0.59	-0.11	0.17
Ca₂-P (x₅)	-0.16	-0.35	0.07	0.49	-0.08	-	-0.05	-0.01	1.09	-0.20	0.13
Ca₈-P (x₆)	-0.06	-0.36	0.07	0.50	-0.07	-0.15	-	0.00	1.11	-0.21	0.13
Ca₁₀-P (x₇)	-0.22	0.06	-0.02	-0.19	0.01	0.04	0.01	-	-0.20	0.02	0.00
Al-P (x₈)	1.13	-0.37	0.08	0.52	-0.07	-0.16	-0.06	0.00	-	-0.21	0.12
Fe-P (x₉)	-0.18	-0.37	0.08	0.51	-0.07	-0.15	-0.06	0.00	1.12	-	0.12
O-P (x₁₀)	-0.21	-0.20	0.04	0.24	-0.12	-0.12	-0.04	0.00	0.71	-0.14	-

作用因子 Factor	直接作用 Direct effect	间接作用 Indirect effect
作用因子 Factor	直接作用 Direct effect	x₁→y	x₂→y	x₃→y	x₄→y	x₅→y	x₆→y	x₇→y	x₈→y	x₉→y	x₁₀→y
L-OP(x₁)	1.63	-	0.34	-1.35	0.01	0.63	0.22	0.00	-0.32	-0.20	0.01
ML-OP(x₂)	0.35	1.59	-	-1.33	0.01	0.62	0.20	0.00	-0.31	-0.19	0.01
MR-OP(x₃)	-1.36	1.61	0.34	-	0.01	0.63	0.21	0.00	-0.31	-0.19	0.01
HR-OP(x₄)	0.03	0.66	0.15	-0.53	-	0.27	0.08	0.00	-0.11	-0.10	0.00
Ca₂-P (x₅)	0.66	1.55	0.33	-1.30	0.01	-	0.21	0.00	-0.31	-0.19	0.01
Ca₈-P (x₆)	0.23	1.55	0.31	-1.26	0.01	0.60	-	0.00	-0.31	-0.20	0.01
Ca₁₀-P (x₇)	0.00	1.05	0.19	-0.91	0.00	0.37	0.16	-	-0.22	-0.12	0.01
Al-P (x₈)	-0.32	1.61	0.33	-1.32	0.01	0.62	0.22	0.00	-	-0.20	0.01
Fe-P (x₉)	-0.21	1.58	0.32	-1.28	0.02	0.62	0.22	0.00	-0.31	-	0.01
O-P (x₁₀)	0.02	1.19	0.22	-0.93	0.01	0.48	0.20	0.00	-0.26	-0.17	-

Phosphorus Fractions in Rhizosphere and Bulk Soil of Wheat and Their Availability Under Long-Term Fertilization

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