不同玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系耐热性的差异比较

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.02.014

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 In recent years, the adverse weather of high temperature and heat damage in the Huang-Huai-Hai maize region of China occurred frequently, which has become an important adverse factor threatening maize production. Study and clarify the effects of high temperature stress on male and female ear characteristics and yield of maize can provide useful guidance for the cultivation and selection of high temperature tolerant maize varieties. 【Method】 The variety of Zhengdan958 (Zheng58×Chang7-2), Xianyu335 (PH6WC×PH4CV), Jingnongke728 (JingMC01×Jing2416), MC812 (JingB547×Jing2416), and their parents were used as the test materials. High temperature stress before and after flowering (from V12 stage to 7 d after silking) were conducted. The effects of high temperature stress on the growth and development of male and female panicles, ASI, pollen activity, yield and yield components of different genotypes of maize hybrids and their parents were studied. 【Result】 High temperature stress before and after anthesis significantly reduced the ear length, rows per ear and grains per row of the tested maize varieties and their parents, and then resulted significant decrease in yield. Compared with the control, the grain number per spike of Zhengdan958, Xianyu335, Jingnongke728 and MC812 decreased by 22.28%, 47.69%, 6.13% and 8.11% respectively under high temperature stress, resulting yield decrease of 9.50%, 50.61%, 3.17% and 5.00% respectively. Among the parental materials, the decrease of rows per panicle, grains per row and yield of Jing2416 under high temperature treatment was the smallest and not significant, while the decrease of PH6WC was the largest. Under high temperature stress, the total number of tassel branches, the length of tassel, the total amount of loose pollen and pollen activity decreased significantly, the silking period of loose pollen was prolonged, and the duration of loose pollen was shortened. Among them, Jingnongke728 had the smallest decline, followed by MC812, showing good heat resistance, while Zhengdan958 had the largest decline in the length of tassel, but the amount of pollen was the largest due to the large number of tassel branches. Xianyu335 has fewer male panicle branches, a large decrease in male panicle length, the least amount of pollen and low activity. Among the parental materials, Jing2416 had a large amount of total loose pollen and strong pollen vitality under high temperature treatment, with the smallest decline, only 4.50 and 3.98 percentage points. Compared with the control, the interval of loose pollen silking (ASI) was prolonged by 1.6d under high temperature stress. The decrease in male spike length is manifested as Zhengdan958>Xianyu335>MC812>Jingnongke728. Zhengdan958 had the largest decrease in male spike length, but had more branches and the largest pollen yield; Xianyu335 has fewer branches of male spikes, a significant decrease in male spike length, the least pollen quantity, and the lowest activity; Jing 2416 has a large amount of loose pollen and strong pollen vitality, with the smallest decrease (only 4.50% and 3.98%). 【Conclusion】 High temperature stress before and after anthesis has a significant impact on the grain yield, male and female ear development process, pollen activity and filament microstructure of the tested maize varieties. Under high temperature stress at this stage, the decline of yield and pollen activity of Jingnongke728 and MC812 is significantly less than Xianyu335, showing higher single ear yield and heat tolerance. By comparing the heat resistance of the parental inbred lines of the tested maize hybrids, it was found that the heat resistance of the paternal inbred lines was better than that of the maternal inbred lines. The male panicle branch and length of the parent material Jing2416 decreased slightly, the amount of pollen was large, the pollen activity was high, the filaments were hairy, the ability to capture pollen was strong, the single panicle yield was high, and the heat resistance was the best. Therefore, in the planting area with frequent high temperature and heat damage, selecting maize varieties such as Jingnongke728 can achieve stable and high yield; and during the maize breeding process, we should pay more attention to the utilizing of the higher temperature resistant inbred such an Jing2416 and then combination higher temperature maize varieties.

Key words: high temperature, maize, parental inbred lines, heat resistance

XU TianJun, LÜ TianFang, LI ZiHao, ZHANG Yong, LIU HongWei, LIU YueE, CAI WanTao, ZHANG RuYang, SONG Wei, XING JinFeng, ZHAO JiuRan, WANG RongHuan. Comparison of Heat Tolerance of Maize Hybrids and Their Parental Inbreds with Different Genotypes[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(2): 403-415.

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Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Fig. 2

Table 3

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

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Table 4

Effects of high temperature stress before and after surface flowering on Yield and yield components of tested maize varieties and their parental inbred lines"

年份 Year	品种/自交系 Variety/Inbred line	籽粒产量 Grain yield (g/plant)		百粒重 100-grain weight (g)		穗行数 Rows of ear		行粒数 Grains per row
年份 Year	品种/自交系 Variety/Inbred line	CK	TR	CK	TR	CK	TR	CK	TR
2020	京2416 Jing2416	115.93±3.96efg	111.22±2.49fgh	33.73±1.53fg	32.86±2.77gh	14.10±0.17ghi	13.83±0.21i	29.03±0.02j	28.13±0.20j
	京MC01 JingMC01	101.16±2.84i	88.14±3.24j	27.33±1.52i	25.52±1.76i	13.73±0.70i	12.63±0.50j	31.80±0.35g	28.50±0.23j
	京B547 JingB547	108.94±4.08gh	97.63±3.12i	27.15±0.81i	26.47±1.56i	13.93±0.23hi	12.53±0.32j	28.50±0.12j	25.77±0.26k
	PH4CV	120.08±1.00e	71.50±2.35k	26.19±0.80i	24.69±1.34ij	15.77±0.45bcd	13.87±0.23hi	29.10±0.15ij	20.90±0.06m
	PH6WC	104.60±1.21hi	50.73±4.11l	24.73±1.12ij	30.63±3.60h	13.93±0.70hi	12.30±0.26j	30.40±0.06h	13.50±0.30n
	郑58 Zheng58	117.27±2.63ef	84.33±4.74j	36.45±1.11ef	34.50±2.07fg	12.10±0.17j	10.67±0.29k	28.10±0.20j	21.70±0.15m
	昌7-2 Chang7-2	99.37±0.71i	69.96±1.04k	22.42±0.48j	19.61±1.42k	14.70±0.36efg	12.67±0.61j	30.17±0.15hi	28.23±0.13j
	京农科728 Jingnongke728	226.31±8.41d	218.30±9.45d	39.26±0.95cd	38.30±1.05de	16.00±0.44abc	15.43±0.45cde	37.47±0.28de	36.47±0.90e
	MC812	246.04±10.77b	236.57±11.87bc	43.07±1.00a	42.04±1.53ab	15.20±0.20def	14.60±0.53fgh	39.23±0.40bc	37.50±0.21bcd
	先玉335 Xianyu335	231.62±2.33c	118.97±4.91e	35.71±0.23ef	32.74±2.89gh	16.53±0.21a	14.27±0.46ghi	39.77±0.20ab	24.53±0.41l
	郑单958 Zhengdan958	257.33±2.84a	232.03±2.12c	41.84±0.96abc	39.35±1.66bcd	16.20±0.20ab	14.03±0.06ghi	40.73±1.01a	33.87±1.11f
2021	京2416 Jing2416	104.42±4.91fg	100.78±5.67fg	30.08±0.91h	29.67±1.06h	14.00±0.22ef	13.77±0.49ef	29.47±0.31fghi	28.80±0.56ghij
	京MC01 JingMC01	97.49±1.68gh	79.50±2.11ij	25.44±0.63jkl	24.61±0.66kl	13.80±0.41ef	12.40±0.60h	28.70±0.22hijk	25.20±1.34l
	京B547 JingB547	107.68±4.07ef	84.16±3.79i	26.26±0.17j	25.78±0.30jk	13.40±0.42fg	12.20±0.86g	30.60±0.25f	28.70±0.89hijk
	PH4CV	112.15±2.22e	64.92±3.33k	25.14±1.03jkl	24.71±1.34kl	15.60±0.31abc	13.40±0.45fg	28.60±0.27ijk	20.30±1.12n
	PH6WC	100.56±1.20fg	43.89±1.82l	24.29±0.51l	27.92±0.75i	13.80±0.69ef	12.00±0.99h	30.00±0.63fgh	13.10±0.87o
	郑58 Zheng58	107.15±4.37ef	73.36±2.07j	33.43±1.07fg	32.47±1.20g	12.00±0.94h	10.40±0.53i	27.50±0.19jk	21.10±0.74n
	昌7-2 Chang7-2	92.20±2.21h	59.24±1.21k	21.12±1.02m	16.89±2.12n	14.60±1.56de	12.80±0.67gh	30.11±2.22fg	27.40±0.88k
	京农科728 Jingnongke728	214.26±6.45c	208.28±9.34cd	37.11±0.66bc	36.55±0.87bcd	15.80±0.42abc	15.20±0.48bcd	37.10±0.54cd	36.20±0.69de
	MC812	242.57±2.11a	227.62±3.09ab	38.76±0.99a	37.89±0.36ab	15.00±0.41cd	14.47±0.25de	38.96±1.02ab	37.14±0.45cd
	先玉335 Xianyu335	222.49±3,79b	105.32±3.57ef	34.79±2.33ef	32.33±1.01g	16.40±0.43a	14.41±0.59de	39.00±0.49ab	23.60±0.95m
	郑单958 Zhengdan958	227.09±4.20ab	206.39±8.09d	36.05±0.81cde	35.66±0.07bcd	16.00±0.31ab	15.00±0.17cd	39.80±0.43a	35.50±1.23e

Table 4

Fig. 7

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年份 Year	品种/自交系 Variety/Inbred line	雄穗分支总数 Total number of male panicle branch		雄穗长度 Tassel length (cm)
年份 Year	品种/自交系 Variety/Inbred line	CK	TR	CK	TR
2020	京2416 Jing2416	7.89±0.12hi	7.46±0.47i	108.26±2.58ij	100.85±1.75jk
	京MC01 JingMC01	3.24±0.11l	3.00±0.03l	75.15±4.40no	70.29±1.31o
	京B547 JingB547	6.18±0.14j	4.09±0.05k	93.41±2.75kl	84.99±4.55lm
	PH4CV	6.39±0.13j	4.60±0.11k	115.66±1.54hi	94.09±3.95k
	PH6WC	3.18±0.12l	2.29±0.11m	59.08±1.04p	48.72±1.15q
	郑58 Zheng58	10.21±0.04f	8.92±0.10g	184.20±3.55f	122.49±2.20h
	昌7-2 Chang7-2	32.01±1.63a	24.01±0.19b	320.86±1.41a	246.42±3.36c
	京农科728 Jingnongke728	8.85±0.10g	8.31±0.30gh	175.79±2.89fg	172.04±1.62g
	MC812	11.79±0.13e	11.19±1.02e	219.44±3.25d	213.28±4.56de
	先玉335 Xianyu335	5.88±0.06j	4.36±0.15k	119.62±3.85h	81.33±1.20mn
	郑单958 Zhengdan958	21.05±0.06c	13.86±0.07d	307.22±4.24b	208.15±5.78e
2021	京2416 Jing2416	7.69±0.28hi	7.23±0.22i	98.02±1.95h	92.39±2.67hi
	京MC01 JingMC01	3.20±0.17l	2.92±0.08l	66.78±3.23k	66.17±3.52k
	京B547 JingB547	6.00±0.43j	4.00±0.12k	88.20±0.76i	60.90±5.31kl
	PH4CV	6.33±0.21j	4.43±0.40k	110.00±3.95g	88.09±1.93i
	PH6WC	3.00±0.12l	2.11±0.07m	55.30±1.35l	44.64±2.46m
	郑58 Zheng58	10.14±1.23f	8.88±0.25g	176.10±2.20e	118.11±13.12g
	昌7-2 Chang7-2	29.29±0.97a	23.88±0.87b	310.93±10.07a	236.09±8.62c
	京农科728 Jingnongke728	8.63±0.15g	8.20±0.15gh	168.25±8.09ef	161.07±5.50f
	MC812	11.50±1.23e	10.99±1.23e	204.16±6.81d	196.14±11.19d
	先玉335 Xianyu335	5.75±0.20j	4.13±0.11k	110.72±7.26g	76.70±2.35j
	郑单958 Zhengdan958	20.92±0.82c	13.64±0.53d	293.89±4.09b	198.56±11.89d

Comparison of Heat Tolerance of Maize Hybrids and Their Parental Inbreds with Different Genotypes

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