外源色氨酸对低氮胁迫下高粱苗期叶片碳氮平衡和衰老特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.07.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous tryptophan on senescence of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) seedling leaves under low nitrogen stress, and to explore the relationship between C/N balance and senescence of sorghum seedlings leaves, so as to provide effective regulation means for sorghum resistance to low nitrogen stress. 【Method】 In a hydroponic culture experiment, the low nitrogen tolerance sorghum line (398B) and the low nitrogen sensitive sorghum line (CS3541) were selected as the experimental materials. Two nitrogen levels were set at normal nitrogen (5 mmol·L^-1) and low nitrogen (0.5 mmol·L^-1), and 50 mg·L^-1 exogenous tryptophan was applicated by spraying. After 10 days application, leaf morphology, tissue structure, photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, content of carbon and nitrogen metabolism-related substances and enzyme activities, C/N and senescence related gene expression levels were determined, and the correlation between C/N and senescence genes in sorghum seedlings under low nitrogen stress was analyzed.【Result】 (1) Compared with the normal nitrogen treatment, low nitrogen stress significantly reduced the leaf area of 398B and CS3541, while exogenous tryptophan significantly increased the leaf area of 398B and CS3541 by 36.72% and 52.06%. Meanwhile, leaf dry weight and leaf fresh weight of 398B and CS3541 were significantly increased by exogenous tryptophan under low nitrogen stress. (2) Compared with the normal nitrogen treatment, the rosette structure of 398B was relatively complete under low nitrogen stress, while exogenous tryptophan kept the leaf cells orderly and the rosette structure clear. In addition, exogenous tryptophan significantly increased the chlorophyll content of 398B leaves (36.85%), but did not significantly increase the pigment content of CS3541 leaves under low nitrogen stress. (3) Under low nitrogen stress, the exogenous tryptophan treatment resulted in higher PSII maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) capacity, increased leaf photosynthetic rate, and maintained stronger photosynthetic capacity than that without tryptophan. (4) The treatment with exogenous tryptophan reduced the accumulation of sugar (soluble sugar, sucrose and starch) in leaves, but significantly increased the nitrogen content in leaves, correspondingly increased the carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes activities, and decreased the C/N in leaves. (5) Exogenous tryptophan positively regulated the expressions of senescence related genes SbLHCB and SBSGR-2, and negatively regulated the expressions of SbNAC6, SbPaO3, SbPPDK-2 and SbSAG12-2 under low nitrogen conditions. In addition, C/N was positively correlated with the expression of SbLHCB and SbSGR-2, and negatively correlated with the expression of SbNAC6, SbPaO3, SbPPDK-2 and SbSAG12-2.【Conclusion】 Under low nitrogen stress, exogenous tryptophan affected leaf morphology and photosynthetic characteristics by reducing C/N and senescence gene expression, and delayed leaf senescence by regulating leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism, thus enhancing the tolerance of sorghum seedlings under low nitrogen stress. Tryptophan application would be a strategy to weaken low nitrogen stress in the future sustainable agricultural production.

Key words: Sorghum bicolor L., senescence related gene, C/N, photosynthetic activity, carbon and nitrogen metabolism

GU WenDong, LIU ChunJuan, LI Bang, LIU Chang, ZHOU YuFei. Effects of Exogenous Tryptophan on C/N Balance and Senescence Characteristics of Sorghum Seedlings Under Low Nitrogen Stress[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(7): 1295-1310.

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基因名称 Gene name	引物名称 Primer name	引物序列 Primer sequence (5′-3′)
SbGAPDH	GAPDH-F	GTGTTTGGACTTCTTGGGGGA
SbGAPDH	GAPDH-R	TCATCTCGGGGATCTCTGCC
SbPaO	PaO-F3	CTGCCACCAAGCTCTACCAA
SbPaO	PaO-R3	GAACAACCGACGTGAGCAAC
SbPPDK	PPDK-F2	CAGGCTTACCTGCATCACCA
SbPPDK	PPDK-R2	TTGAGCATCCTGCCACACAA
SbSAG12	SAG12-F2	CGCCTCTATGCTCCGCAATA
SbSAG12	SAG12-R2	CAACCAGTGCAGACAACAGC
SbSGR	SGR-F2	GGCCTCCGCTACTACATCTT
SbSGR	SGR-R2	GGGTCAGGTTGGAGTGGAAG
SbNAC6	NAC6-F	GGCCCTCTTGCTGATGAGTT
SbNAC6	NAC6-R	ACTGTCATCCACTTGGCGAG
SbLHCB	LHCB-F	CGCCAAGTTCGAGGAGTACA
SbLHCB	LHCB-R	TCTGGGGATGATGATGTCGC

处理 Treatment	自交系 Inbred line	叶绿素a Chl a (mg·g^-1)	叶绿素b Chl b (mg·g^-1)	类胡萝卜素 Car (mg·g^-1)	叶绿素含量 Chl (mg·g^-1)
NTrp	398B-NN	2.38±0.06c	0.51±0.01bc	0.49±0.01b	2.89±0.08b
	399B-LN	1.60±0.09e	0.33±0.10d	0.31±0.01d	1.93±0.18e
	CS3541-NN	2.12±0.05d	0.47±0.11bc	0.45±0.03c	2.59±0.14d
	CS3541-LN	1.27±0.05g	0.20±0.02e	0.30±0.01d	1.47±0.07f
Trp	398B-NN	2.50±0.04b	0.59±0.07bc	0.49±0.01b	3.09±0.10a
	399B-LN	2.19±0.06d	0.45±0.07c	0.48±0.01bc	2.64±0.13c
	CS3541-NN	3.41±0.06a	0.71±0.02a	0.70±0.01a	4.12±0.09a
	CS3541-LN	1.44±0.03f	0.19±0.01e	0.33±0.01d	1.63±0.04f

Effects of Exogenous Tryptophan on C/N Balance and Senescence Characteristics of Sorghum Seedlings Under Low Nitrogen Stress

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