旋耕配合秸秆颗粒还田对土壤物理特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.13.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Abstract: 【Objective】Aiming at the problems of soil physical properties deterioration because of the high input of chemical fertilizer and frequent cultivation, such as soil hardening, permeability reduction and water stable aggregate quantity decrease, the feasibility of improving the above soil physical properties by straw granular fertilizer and cultivation method was discussed. 【Method】Three years of field experiments were carried out with rotary tillage + no straw granular fertilizer (RG0) as the control. The three kinds of straw granular fertilizer (G1: 2 250 kg·hm^-2, G2: 4 500 kg·hm^-2, G3: 6 750 kg·hm^-2) and two tillage methods (rotary tillage: R, deep burying: T) were set, and the effects of straw granular fertilizer and tillage methods on soil bulk density, field water holding capacity, soil porosity and soil aggregate stability were studied. 【Result】The results showed that: (1) Compared with RG0, RG treatment significantly reduced soil bulk density in 0-20 cm soil layer by 6.7%-16.5%, while TG treatment significantly reduced soil bulk density in 20-40 cm soil layer by 3.0%-9.8%. The decrease rate of the high amount of straw granular returning was the highest. (2) RG was more conducive to increase the field water capacity of 0-20 cm soil layer, with RG3 increasing the most significant, up to 14.9%; the amount of straw granule fertilizer significantly affected the field water capacity of 20-40 cm soil layer, and the effect of twice and three times treatment was the most significant. (3) The total porosity of 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly affected by tillage, which was increased up to 17.9% under RG3, while TG3 significantly increased it in 20-40 cm soil layer. RG2 and RG3 could significantly increase the capillary porosity of 20-40 cm soil layer during three years. (4) The stability of soil aggregates in 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly improved under RG treatment in the later stage of returning to the field. What’s more, aggregate size of >2 mm, 小鱼0.106 mm, 0.5-1 mm, 0.106-0.25 mm and 1-2 mm were the important components (Exp>66%) that affected the physical properties of 0-20 cm soil layer, while 0.5-1 mm and 0.106-0.25 mm particle size aggregates were the important components (Exp>48%) that affected the physical properties of 20-40 cm soil layer. 【Conclusion】Treatment of RG3 reduced the soil bulk density, improved the water holding capacity, and promoted the soil aggregates stability of the two soil layers at the same time. Cluster analysis further indicated that the soil physical properties were at the first level treated by RG3. Thus, 6 750 kg·hm^-2 of straw granular fertilizer combined with rotary tillage was a feasible measure to improve the physical structure of local tobacco field soil effectively, and also provided technical guidance for the utilization of crop straw.

Key words: granulated straw, tillage management, soil physical properties, aggregate stability

DONG JianXin,SONG WenJing,CONG Ping,LI YuYi,PANG HuanCheng,ZHENG XueBo,WANG Yi,WANG Jing,KUANG Shuai,XU YanLi. Improving Farmland Soil Physical Properties by Rotary Tillage Combined with High Amount of Granulated Straw[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(13): 2789-2803.

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Figures/Tables 12

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Fig. 1

Table 7

Fig. 2

Table 8

Changes of R0.25, MWD, GMD and D in soil under different pelletized straw incorporation management "

土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	2016				2017				2018
土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	R_0.25	MWD (mm)	GMD (mm)	D	R_0.25	MWD (mm)	GMD (mm)	D	R_0.25	MWD (mm)	GMD (mm)	D
0-20	RG0	49.65±2.49c	0.51±0.04b	0.26±0.01d	2.65±0.02a	66.05±1.99c	0.66±0.03d	0.37±0.02d	2.61±0.02a	69.44±1.18b	0.64±0.02d	0.37±0.01c	2.61±0.02a
	TG1	62.03±2.25ab	0.61±0.01a	0.34±0.02ab	2.63±0.01a	69.22±2.61c	0.62±0.02d	0.36±0.01d	2.60±0.02ab	72.71±2.02ab	0.77±0.03ab	0.44±0.03ab	2.60±0.02a
	TG2	63.53±2.89ab	0.61±0.02a	0.34±0.01ab	2.62±0.01a	76.38±2.81b	0.75±0.03c	0.42±0.03c	2.59±0.01ab	74.92±1.65ab	0.87±0.06a	0.49±0.03a	2.59±0.02a
	TG3	65.46±3.01a	0.63±0.03a	0.36±0.02a	2.62±0.01a	76.80±2.34b	0.75±0.04c	0.48±0.03c	2.58±0.01ab	69.46±1.05b	0.66±0.03cd	0.38±0.02c	2.61±0.02a
	RG1	61.77±2.03ab	0.59±0.02a	0.32±0.01bc	2.63±0.01a	82.41±3.01ab	0.98±0.05b	0.61±0.02b	2.56±0.01b	78.68±2.99a	0.85±0.05a	0.49±0.04a	2.58±0.01a
	RG2	59.84±1.98b	0.51±0.02b	0.29±0.01cd	2.63±0.02a	84.69±3.24a	1.04±0.07ab	0.65±0.02ab	2.55±0.01b	71.42±1.47b	0.77±0.02ab	0.42±0.02b	2.60±0.01a
	RG3	60.55±2.01ab	0.49±0.03b	0.30±0.01cd	2.62±0.01a	84.77±2.99a	1.19±0.07a	0.72±0.04a	2.56±0.01b	73.86±1.87ab	0.72±0.02bc	0.43±0.02ab	2.59±0.01a
20-40	RG0	61.51±1.71b	0.65±0.04b	0.35±0.01bc	2.63±0.02a	74.31±2.01ab	0.88±0.04a	0.49±0.03ab	2.59±0.02a	72.01±1.59a	0.73±0.03ab	0.42±0.02b	2.60±0.01a
	TG1	62.70±1.32b	0.53±0.02cd	0.31±0.01c	2.62±0.01a	74.12±1.42ab	0.76±0.03b	0.44±0.01c	2.59±0.02a	72.11±1.77a	0.67±0.02b	0.40±0.01b	2.60±0.01a
	TG2	69.54±2.47a	0.59±0.03bc	0.36±0.02b	2.60±0.01a	74.15±1.27ab	0.79±0.04b	0.45±0.02bc	2.59±0.01a	75.01±2.04a	0.72±0.03ab	0.43±0.02ab	2.59±0.01a
	TG3	63.34±1.56b	0.51±0.02d	0.31±0.01c	2.62±0.01a	75.34±2.77ab	0.74±0.02b	0.44±0.01c	2.58±0.01a	73.44±1.99a	0.67±0.02b	0.40±0.02b	2.59±0.01a
	RG1	61.84±1.23b	0.52±0.02cd	0.31±0.01c	2.62±0.01a	72.52±1.44bc	0.83±0.06ab	0.47±0.03bc	2.60±0.02a	75.34±2.36a	0.78±0.04a	0.46±0.02a	2.59±0.01a
	RG2	62.29±1.20b	0.56±0.03bc	0.33±0.01c	2.62±0.01a	77.08±3.28a	0.93±0.06a	0.54±0.04a	2.58±0.01a	72.62±1.63a	0.76±0.02a	0.44±0.01ab	2.60±0.02a
	RG3	71.28±4.11a	0.79±0.06a	0.44±0.03a	2.60±0.01a	70.82±1.02c	0.76±0.02b	0.43±0.02c	2.60±0.02a	72.85±1.02a	0.79±0.04a	0.44±0.02ab	2.60±0.01a

Table 8

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	pH	有机质 Soil organic matter (g·kg^-1)	容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm^-3)	田间持水量 Field water capacity (%)	总孔隙度 Soil total porosity (%)	毛管孔隙度 Soil capillary porosity (%)	>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体 >0.25 mm water stable aggregate (%)
0-20	7.89	14.88	1.34	20.89	48.91	27.15	61.98
20-40	8.03	13.79	1.59	17.25	36.28	29.90	70.59

编号No.	试验处理Treatment
RG0	旋耕+秸秆不还田Rotary tillage with no straw return
TG1	深翻（35 cm）+ 秸秆颗粒2 250 kg·hm^-2Deep ploughing (35 cm) with granulated straw 2 250 kg·hm^-2
TG2	深翻（35 cm）+ 秸秆颗粒4 500 kg·hm^-2Deep ploughing (35 cm) with granulated straw 4 500 kg·hm^-2
TG3	深翻（35 cm）+ 秸秆颗粒6 750 kg·hm^-2Deep ploughing (35 cm) with granulated straw 6 750 kg·hm^-2
RG1	旋耕（15 cm）+ 秸秆颗粒2 250 kg·hm^-2Rotary tillage (15 cm) with granulated straw 2 250 kg·hm^-2
RG2	旋耕（15 cm）+秸秆颗粒4 500 kg·hm^-2Rotary tillage (15 cm) with granulated straw 4 500 kg·hm^-2
RG3	旋耕（15 cm）+秸秆颗粒6 750 kg·hm^-2Rotary tillage (15 cm) with granulated straw 6 750 kg·hm^-2

土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	2016		2017		2018
土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	土壤容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	土壤容重降低比率 Bulk density decrease (%)	土壤容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	土壤容重降低比率 Bulk density decrease (%)	土壤容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	土壤容重降低比率 Bulk density decrease (%)
0-20	RG0	1.38±0.05a	—	1.38±0.02a	—	1.43±0.03a	—
	TG1	1.39±0.07a	-1.01	1.36±0.02a	1.14	1.33±0.02bc	6.70
	TG2	1.44±0.02a	-4.19	1.25±0.01b	9.78	1.31±0.05bc	8.07
	TG3	1.43±0.01a	-3.81	1.26±0.02b	8.48	1.32±0.01bc	7.87
	RG1	1.34±0.02a	2.56	1.23±0.01b	11.23	1.31±0.01bc	8.70
	RG2	1.34±0.01a	2.55	1.22±0.03b	11.30	1.35±0.01b	5.60
	RG3	1.35±0.02a	2.28	1.15±0.02c	16.47	1.27±0.01c	11.35
20-40	RG0	1.67±0.02a	—	1.65±0.01a	—	1.64±0.01a	—
	TG1	1.57±0.03c	6.05	1.68±0.02a	-2.01	1.50±0.02d	8.67
	TG2	1.61±0.02bc	3.44	1.55±0.01b	6.11	1.50±0.01d	8.29
	TG3	1.58±0.01c	5.48	1.51±0.01c	8.56	1.48±0.01d	9.84
	RG1	1.62±0.01bc	3.03	1.56±0.01b	5.64	1.58±0.01b	3.47
	RG2	1.64±0.02ab	1.80	1.55±0.01b	5.90	1.57±0.01bc	4.49
	RG3	1.61±0.01bc	3.59	1.54±0.01bc	6.40	1.54±0.01c	5.90

土层 Soil layer (cm)	年份 Year	耕作方式 Tillage management		秸秆用量 Straw amount		耕作方式×秸秆用量 Tillage management×Straw amount
土层 Soil layer (cm)	年份 Year	F	P	F	P	F	P
0-20	2016	8.08	0.0175	0.30	0.7494	0.25	0.7817
	2017	49.38	小鱼0.0001	16.00	0.0008	7.68	0.0095
	2018	0.52	0.4887	1.37	0.2974	1.63	0.2438
20-40	2016	7.47	0.0211	2.96	0.0975	0.29	0.7571
	2017	6.47	0.0292	23.99	0.0002	18.75	0.0004
	2018	46.48	小鱼0.0001	3.07	0.0911	0.50	0.6232

土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	2016		2017		2018
土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	田间持水量 Field water capacity (%)	田间持水量上升比率 Field water capacity increase (%)	田间持水量 Field water capacity (%)	田间持水量上升比率 Field water capacity increase (%)	田间持水量 Field water capacity (%)	田间持水量上升比率 Field water capacity increase (%)
0-20	RG0	20.73±0.20c	—	19.16±0.52cd	—	19.24±0.30b	—
	TG1	21.58±0.64bc	4.10	18.84±0.41d	-1.67	20.38±0.45ab	5.92
	TG2	21.82±0.28bc	5.24	20.46±0.73bc	6.77	20.67±0.48a	7.43
	TG3	21.75±0.25bc	4.94	20.34±0.31bc	6.16	20.50±0.74ab	6.53
	RG1	23.14±0.31a	11.65	21.19±0.29ab	10.62	20.37±0.38ab	5.86
	RG2	22.24±0.74ab	7.28	20.64±0.29b	7.72	20.39±0.12ab	5.99
	RG3	22.72±0.27ab	9.60	22.01±0.40a	14.86	21.52±0.41a	11.83
20-40	RG0	19.94±0.32c	—	17.77±1.01bc	—	17.23±0.53c	—
	TG1	20.88±0.19bc	4.72	17.15±0.54c	-3.47	19.78±0.55ab	14.79
	TG2	21.54±0.42ab	8.04	20.76±1.15a	16.81	19.34±0.27ab	12.23
	TG3	21.42±0.08ab	7.44	20.45±0.86a	15.08	19.47±0.35ab	12.98
	RG1	21.45±0.47ab	7.58	15.82±0.38c	-10.98	18.58±0.82bc	7.83
	RG2	20.92±0.56bc	4.92	20.23±0.72ab	13.82	19.63±0.56ab	13.92
	RG3	22.28±0.14a	11.74	19.86±1.14ab	11.75	20.33±0.38a	17.98

Improving Farmland Soil Physical Properties by Rotary Tillage Combined with High Amount of Granulated Straw

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	年份 Year	指标 Index	耕作方式Tillage management		秸秆用量 Straw amount		耕作方式×秸秆用量 Tillage management×straw amount
土层 Soil layer (cm)	年份 Year	指标 Index	F	P	F	P	F	P
0-20	2016	总孔隙度Total porosity (%)	23.96	0.0006	0.88	0.4435	0.75	0.4967
	2016	毛管孔隙度Capillary porosity (%)	0.78	0.3992	0.08	0.9264	2.04	0.1806
	2017	总孔隙度Total porosity (%)	48.86	小鱼0.0001	5.79	0.0213	8.66	0.0066
	2017	毛管孔隙度Capillary porosity (%)	0.91	0.3622	0.31	0.7386	1.28	0.3191
	2018	总孔隙度Total porosity (%)	1.97	0.1903	5.26	0.0275	6.24	0.0174
	2018	毛管孔隙度Capillary porosity (%)	0.44	0.5236	0.40	0.6779	0.46	0.6425
20-40	2016	总孔隙度Total porosity(%)	9.75	0.0108	3.87	0.0568	0.37	0.6971
	2016	毛管孔隙度Capillary porosity (%)	9.62	0.0112	1.48	0.2728	5.60	0.0234
	2017	总孔隙度Total porosity (%)	6.40	0.0298	23.87	0.0002	18.66	0.0004
	2017	毛管孔隙度Capillary porosity (%)	0.03	0.8725	53.93	小鱼0.0001	1.74	0.2240
	2018	总孔隙度Total porosity (%)	23.13	0.0007	1.52	0.2646	0.25	0.7863
	2018	毛管孔隙度Capillary porosity (%)	12.78	0.0050	0.49	0.6255	4.21	0.0471

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	年份 Year	耕作方式 Tillage management		秸秆用量 Straw amount		耕作方式×秸秆用量 Tillage management ×Straw amount
土层 Soil layer (cm)	年份 Year	F	P	F	P	F	P
0-20	2016	5.85	0.0361	0.23	0.7992	0.66	0.5399
	2017	16.29	0.0024	3.71	0.0624	3.41	0.0743
	2018	0.35	0.5650	0.86	0.4509	0.92	0.4299
20-40	2016	0.75	0.4071	1.98	0.1887	2.14	0.1690
	2017	2.02	0.1855	19.70	0.0003	0.20	0.8218
	2018	0.07	0.7985	0.49	0.6269	2.30	0.1504