再生农业——基于土地保护性利用的可持续农业

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.05.012

Abstract

Abstract:

With the intensified global ecological crisis and the increasing demand for food and food safety, it has become a widespread concern of the whole world as to how to realize the sustainable development of agriculture. In this context, the regenerative agriculture was proposed and developed to cope with new challenges. This paper discussed the content, ecological and economic benefits of regenerative agriculture and analyzed the application scenarios in China, aiming to provide theoretical guidance for the introduction and development of this new agricultural model in China. To sum up, regenerative agriculture is a nature-based solution which has at its core the intention to improve the health of soil through elevated soil organic content and nitrogen elements as well as reduced chemicals input and mechanical operations, so as to realize the sustainable development of agriculture, namely enhanced soil carbon sequestration, maximized biodiversity and improved quality of water, vegetation and land-productivity. Compared to several other agriculture models with respect to multiple dimensions, regenerative agriculture stands out by simultaneously achieving improvements in food security, soil health, ecological environment and economic benefits. The advantages of applying regenerative agriculture were further proved with specific cases. At last, suggestions on the development of regenerative agriculture in China were put forward.

Key words: regenerative agriculture, nature-based solution, carbon sequestration, soil health, conservational land use

MingHui HAN,BaoGuo LI,Dan ZHANG,Ying LI. Regenerative Agriculture-Sustainable Agriculture Based on the Conservational Land Use[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(5): 1003-1016.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

The definition of regenerative agriculture"

角度 Perspective	定义内容 Definition	参考文献 Reference
特点 Characteristic	再生农业是一种趋向于闭合养分循环的农业模式,它使生物群落的多样性更大,最大程度依赖于内部资源而不是外部资源投入 Regenerative organic agriculture is marked by tendencies towards closed nutrient loops, greater diversity in the biological community, fewer annuals and more perennials, and greater reliance on internal rather than external resources	[5]
原则 Principle	最小土壤扰动、最大化生物多样性、保持土壤覆盖、保持全年活根和引入牲畜 Minimize soil disturbance; maximize crop diversity; keep the soil covered; maintain living root year-round; integrate livestock	[6,14-15]
措施 Practice	免耕少耕（或在耕作后积极重建土壤群落）;覆盖作物;培育田地的植物多样性（如多种作物轮作）;整合畜牧业和种植业（如整体放牧） (1) Abandoning/reducing tillage (or actively rebuilding soil communities following a tillage event); (2) Eliminating spatio-temporal events of bare soil by cover crop, etc; (3) Fostering plant diversity on the farm by crop rotation, etc; (4) Integrating livestock and cropping operations on the land such as holistic grazing	[15]
功能 Function	促进土壤肥力与健康;提高水的渗滤和减少地表径流,净化水源;增加生物多样性,增强生态系统的健康和复原能力;将当前农业的碳排放转化为显著的碳封存 (1) Contribute to generating/building soils and soil fertility and health; (2) Increase water percolation, water retention, and clean and safe water runoff; (3) Increase biodiversity and ecosystem health and resiliency; (4) Invert the carbon emissions of our current agriculture to one of remarkably significant carbon sequestration thereby cleansing the atmosphere of legacy levels of CO₂	[16]

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

The comparison between conservation agriculture and regenerative agriculture"

农业类型 Agro-type	保护性农业^[48,49] Conservation agriculture	再生农业^[2] Regenerative agriculture
提出背景 Background	耕作加速土壤荒漠化/退化 Tillage accelerates soil desertification/degradation	有限的耕地如何应对人口增加、粮食和食品安全、极端天气频发、气候变化 Challenges of population growth, food security, climate change etc.
主要原则 Principles	最小土壤扰动;提高生物多样性和保持土壤覆盖 Minimum mechanical soil disturbance; species diversification; permanent soil organic cover	最小土壤扰动;最大化生物多样性;保持土壤覆盖;保持全年活根和引入牲畜^[14,15] Minimize soil disturbance; maximize crop diversity; keep the soil covered; maintain living root year-round; integrate livestock
主要措施 Main practices	免耕少耕、轮作、秸秆覆盖还田/覆盖作物 No-till/reduced tillage; crop rotation; soil organic cover (at least 30%) with crop residues and/or cover crops	免耕少耕、轮作、覆盖作物、整体放牧 No-till/reduced tillage; crop rotation; cover crop; holistic grazing
对土壤影响 Impact on soil	改善土壤结构,提高土壤有机质含量;增强土壤持水能力,减少土壤侵蚀,维护生物多样性,控制杂草 Improve soil structure and increase soil organic matter content; enhance soil water retention, reduce soil erosion, maintain biodiversity, and control weeds	改善土壤结构,大幅提高土壤有机质和氮元素含量,增强土壤持水能力,减少水土流失,防止土壤侵蚀,增加生物多样性（尤其是土壤微生物多样性）,控制杂草^[25] Improve soil structure, substantially increase soil organic matter and nitrogen content, enhance soil water-holding capacity, reduce soil erosion, prevent soil erosion, increase biodiversity (especially soil microbial diversity), and control weeds
减少化肥投入 Fertilizer	在一年一季的地区可以减少氮肥投入,但某些地区需要增加氮肥投入,调节因为秸秆还田而不平衡的碳氮比^{[37, 44]} Nitrogen fertilizer input can be reduced in seasonal areas, but it needs to be increased in some areas to adjust the imbalance of carbon nitrogen ratio due to straw returning	养分有机转化以及整体放牧的粪肥,能够减少无机化肥投入 Organic conversion of nutrients and integrated grazing of manure can reduce the input of inorganic fertilizers
动物福利 Animal welfare	无影响 No effect	提升动物福利,提高畜牧产量和质量^[4] Improve animal welfare, livestock production and quality
国外发展情况 Development abroad	免耕少耕和秸秆还田已大面积推广 No-till/reduced tillage and straw returning have been widely spread	覆盖作物和整体放牧初具规模,发展迅速 Cover crops and holistic grazing have taken shape and developed rapidly
我国发展情况 Development in China	免耕少耕和秸秆还田在我国多省快速发展^[50] No-till/reduced tillage and straw returning are developing rapidly in many provinces of China	覆盖作物和整体放牧尚未得到发展 Cover crops and holistic grazing have not been developed

Table 2

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